Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Sachsen: Statusbericht 2013: Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft - Statusbericht 2013 zum Stand der Entwicklung der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft im Freistaat Sachsen

Der Statusbericht 2013 bietet einen Überblick zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung sowie volkswirtschaftlichen Einordnung der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Sachsen. Die Bruttowertschöpfung der Land- und Forstwirtschaft stieg 2012 auf 1.103 Mio. €. Zusammen mit dem Ernährungsgewerbe wurde eine Bruttowertschöpfung von rd. 2,1 Mrd. € erzielt. Das ist ein Anteil von 2,4 % an der gesamten Wertschöpfung Sachsens. Darüber hinaus bestehen zahlreiche Verflechtungen zwischen der Landwirtschaft und deren vor- und nachgelagerten Bereichen. Zusammengefasst unter der Bezeichnung Agrarbusiness konnten mind. 78.500 Beschäftigte (d. h. jeder 25. sächsische Arbeitsplatz) diesem Bereich zugeordnet werden und damit mehr als doppelt so viel wie den Wirtschaftszweigen Maschinenbau (38.440 Erwerbstätige) und Fahrzeugbau (27.583 Erwerbstätige)

Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe's terrestrial ecosystems : a review

Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.Peer reviewe

Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Sachsen: Statusbericht 2013: Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft - Statusbericht 2013 zum Stand der Entwicklung der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft im Freistaat Sachsen

Der Statusbericht 2013 bietet einen Überblick zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung sowie volkswirtschaftlichen Einordnung der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Sachsen. Die Bruttowertschöpfung der Land- und Forstwirtschaft stieg 2012 auf 1.103 Mio. €. Zusammen mit dem Ernährungsgewerbe wurde eine Bruttowertschöpfung von rd. 2,1 Mrd. € erzielt. Das ist ein Anteil von 2,4 % an der gesamten Wertschöpfung Sachsens. Darüber hinaus bestehen zahlreiche Verflechtungen zwischen der Landwirtschaft und deren vor- und nachgelagerten Bereichen. Zusammengefasst unter der Bezeichnung Agrarbusiness konnten mind. 78.500 Beschäftigte (d. h. jeder 25. sächsische Arbeitsplatz) diesem Bereich zugeordnet werden und damit mehr als doppelt so viel wie den Wirtschaftszweigen Maschinenbau (38.440 Erwerbstätige) und Fahrzeugbau (27.583 Erwerbstätige)

Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Sachsen: Statusbericht 2013: Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft - Statusbericht 2013 zum Stand der Entwicklung der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft im Freistaat Sachsen

Der Statusbericht 2013 bietet einen Überblick zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung sowie volkswirtschaftlichen Einordnung der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Sachsen. Die Bruttowertschöpfung der Land- und Forstwirtschaft stieg 2012 auf 1.103 Mio. €. Zusammen mit dem Ernährungsgewerbe wurde eine Bruttowertschöpfung von rd. 2,1 Mrd. € erzielt. Das ist ein Anteil von 2,4 % an der gesamten Wertschöpfung Sachsens. Darüber hinaus bestehen zahlreiche Verflechtungen zwischen der Landwirtschaft und deren vor- und nachgelagerten Bereichen. Zusammengefasst unter der Bezeichnung Agrarbusiness konnten mind. 78.500 Beschäftigte (d. h. jeder 25. sächsische Arbeitsplatz) diesem Bereich zugeordnet werden und damit mehr als doppelt so viel wie den Wirtschaftszweigen Maschinenbau (38.440 Erwerbstätige) und Fahrzeugbau (27.583 Erwerbstätige)

Ensemble modelling of carbon fluxes in grasslands and croplands

Croplands and grasslands are agricultural systems that contribute to land–atmosphere exchanges of carbon (C). We evaluated and compared gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, and two derived outputs - C use efficiency (CUE=-NEE/GPP) and C emission intensity (IntC= -NEE/Offtake [grazed or harvested biomass]). The outputs came from 23 models (11 crop-specific, eight grassland-specific, and four models covering both systems) at three cropping sites over several rotations with spring and winter cereals, soybean and rapeseed in Canada, France and India, and two temperate permanent grasslands in France and the United Kingdom. The models were run independently over multi-year simulation periods in five stages (S), either blind with no calibration and initialization data (S1), using historical management and climate for initialization (S2), calibrated against plant data (S3), plant and soil data together (S4), or with the addition of C and N fluxes (S5). Here, we provide a framework to address methodological uncertainties and contextualize results. Most of the models overestimated or underestimated the C fluxes observed during the growing seasons (or the whole years for grasslands), with substantial differences between models. For each simulated variable, changes in the multi-model median (MMM) from S1 to S5 was used as a descriptor of the ensemble performance. Overall, the greatest improvements (MMM approaching the mean of observations) were achieved at S3 or higher calibration stages. For instance, grassland GPP MMM was equal to 1632 g C m−2 yr-1 (S5) while the observed mean was equal to 1763 m-2 yr-1 (average for two sites). Nash-Sutcliffe modelling efficiency coefficients indicated that MMM outperformed individual models in 92.3 % of cases. Our study suggests a cautious use of large-scale, multi-model ensembles to estimate C fluxes in agricultural sites if some site-specific plant and soil observations are available for model calibration. The further development of crop/grassland ensemble modelling will hinge upon the interpretation of results in light of the way models represent the processes underlying C fluxes in complex agricultural systems (grassland and crop rotations including fallow periods).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Ensemble modelling of carbon fluxes in grasslands and croplands

Croplands and grasslands are agricultural systems that contribute to land–atmosphere exchanges of carbon (C). We evaluated and compared gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, and two derived outputs - C use efficiency (CUE=-NEE/GPP) and C emission intensity (IntC= -NEE/Offtake [grazed or harvested biomass]). The outputs came from 23 models (11 crop-specific, eight grassland-specific, and four models covering both systems) at three cropping sites over several rotations with spring and winter cereals, soybean and rapeseed in Canada, France and India, and two temperate permanent grasslands in France and the United Kingdom. The models were run independently over multi-year simulation periods in five stages (S), either blind with no calibration and initialization data (S1), using historical management and climate for initialization (S2), calibrated against plant data (S3), plant and soil data together (S4), or with the addition of C and N fluxes (S5). Here, we provide a framework to address methodological uncertainties and contextualize results. Most of the models overestimated or underestimated the C fluxes observed during the growing seasons (or the whole years for grasslands), with substantial differences between models. For each simulated variable, changes in the multi-model median (MMM) from S1 to S5 was used as a descriptor of the ensemble performance. Overall, the greatest improvements (MMM approaching the mean of observations) were achieved at S3 or higher calibration stages. For instance, grassland GPP MMM was equal to 1632 g C m−2 yr-1 (S5) while the observed mean was equal to 1763 m-2 yr-1 (average for two sites). Nash-Sutcliffe modelling efficiency coefficients indicated that MMM outperformed individual models in 92.3 % of cases. Our study suggests a cautious use of large-scale, multi-model ensembles to estimate C fluxes in agricultural sites if some site-specific plant and soil observations are available for model calibration. The further development of crop/grassland ensemble modelling will hinge upon the interpretation of results in light of the way models represent the processes underlying C fluxes in complex agricultural systems (grassland and crop rotations including fallow periods)

Residual correlation and ensemble modelling to improve crop and grassland models

Multi-model ensembles are becoming increasingly accepted for the estimation of agricultural carbon-nitrogen fluxes, productivity and sustainability. There is mounting evidence that with some site-specific observations available for model calibration (with vegetation data as a minimum requirement), median outputs assimilated from biogeochemical models (multi-model medians) provide more accurate simulations than individual models. Here, we evaluate potential deficiencies in how model ensembles represent (in relation to climatic factors) the processes underlying biogeochemical outputs in complex agricultural systems such as grassland and crop rotations including fallow periods. We do that by exploring the correlation of model residuals. We restricted the distinction between partial and full calibration to the two most relevant calibration stages, i.e. with plant data only (partial) and with a combination of plant, soil physical and biogeochemical data (full). It introduces and evaluates the trade-off between (1) what is practical to apply for model users and beneficiaries, and (2) what constitutes best modelling practice. The lower correlations obtained overall with fully calibrated models highlight the centrality of the full calibration scenario for identifying areas of model structures that require further development.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe's terrestrial ecosystems

English Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO₂, CH₄, N₂2, H₂O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal valu