STEAMin vaikutus luovaan minäpystyvyyteen koulukontekstissa

Tiivistelmä. Kouluissa tärkeiksi tavoitteiksi on muodostunut esimerkiksi se, että oppilas on aktiivisena toimijana, on mukana yhteiskunnallisten ratkaisujen keksimisessä ja ikätovereidensa kanssa harjoittelee uuden tiedon rakentamista. STEAM-pedagogiikka voisi mahdollisesti toimia vaihtoehtona näiden tavoitteiden toteutumiseksi. STEAM on tiedettä, teknologiaa, insinööritaitoja, taidetta ja matematiikkaa yhdistävää opetusta, jossa taide on integroituna luonnontieteiden opetukseen. Luova minäpystyvyys puolestaan tarkoittaa omiin kykyihin uskomista saada oman työskentelyn tuloksena luovia tuotteita. Valitsin luovan minäpystyvyyden näkökulmaksi, sillä oppilailta odotetaan panosta nykymaailman ongelmanratkaisijoina. Kokonaisuuksien soveltamisessa tuleekin olennaiseksi se, kuinka oppilas kokee oman pystyvyytensä tarttua näihin aiheisiin luovalla tavalla. Aloitan tutkielman määrittelemällä aiheeseen kuuluvat käsitteet, joita ovat luovuus, minäpystyvyys, luova minäpystyvyys sekä STEAM. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ensimmäisenä tutkia, mitä luova minäpystyvyys on. Tämän jälkeen tarkastelen sitä, miten luovuus voisi näkyä STEAM-opetuksessa. Lopuksi käsittelen aiempien kappaleiden kautta, miten STEAM voisi mahdollisesti tukea luovaa minäpystyvyyttä. Tutkimus on kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa tarkastelen aihetta aiheita koskevien teorioiden sekä tutkimusten kautta. Tutkimuksen kautta selvisi, että STEAM antaa hyvin tilaisuuksia luovalle työskentelylle ja luovien taitojen harjoittelemiseen. Lisäksi löydökset näyttävät, että STEAMissä on useita kohtia, joiden mukaan tämän tulisi voida tukea oppilaiden luovaa minäpystyvyyttä. Tieto pohjautuu pääosin erillisistä aineistoista löydettyihin yhteyksiin, joten aihetta olisi syytä tutkia lisää esimerkiksi tutkimuksessa tarkasteltujen luovan minäpystyvyyden edellytysten kautta. Tutkimuksen luotettavuus on pyritty varmistamaan esimerkiksi aineistoihin viittaamalla, lähdeluettelolla ja pääosin vertaisarvioituja aineistoja hyödyntämällä

The isolated perfused mouse uterus as a model for the study of implantation in vitro. Methodology and morphology

In order to facilitate investigations of mammalian blastocyst implantation in the endometrium, an in-vitro organ perfusion technique was developed. This technique was designed to avoid the drawbacks of inVivo and cell culture investigations, while retaining physiological resolution of the endo- and paracrinology and specifically a normal epithelium to stroma relationship. The ovary, oviduct and uterine horn from 21 mice were perfused in-vitro for 10 hours. The surgical techniques for isolation of the organs as well as the perfusion procedure are described. The resultant morphology of the perfused tissue, including implantations is described and illustrated by light and transmission electron microscopy. The model seems to be useful for studying the mammalian implantation as implantation takes place and decidua is formed during perfusion

A multinuclear NMR and quantum chemical study of solid trimethylammonium chloride

The solid salt, trimethylammonium chloride (TMAC), is investigated by a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical calculations. Chemical shift and nuclear quadrupolar interaction parameters have been measured for 35Cl, 1H/2H, and 15N/14N. These parameters have also been calculated as a function of the hydrogen position in the N\u2022\u2022\u2022H\u2022\u2022\u2022Cl fragment. Overall, the measured parameters are consistent with a structure in which the hydrogen is completely transferred to the nitrogen (i.e., N\u2013H\u2022\u2022\u2022Cl). The high hydrogen chemical shift (10.9 ppm by 2H CP/MAS) and relatively small deuterium quadrupolar coupling constant (127 kHz) indicate a moderately strong N\u2013H\u2022\u2022\u2022Cl hydrogen bond. A pronounced deuterium isotope effect on the 35Cl quadrupolar coupling constant is observed.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Structural Alterations from Multiple Displacement Amplification of a Human Genome Revealed by Mate-Pair Sequencing

Comprehensive identification of the acquired mutations that cause common cancers will require genomic analyses of large sets of tumor samples. Typically, the tissue material available from tumor specimens is limited, which creates a demand for accurate template amplification. We therefore evaluated whether phi29-mediated whole genome amplification introduces false positive structural mutations by massive mate-pair sequencing of a normal human genome before and after such amplification. Multiple displacement amplification led to a decrease in clone coverage and an increase by two orders of magnitude in the prevalence of inversions, but did not increase the prevalence of translocations. While multiple strand displacement amplification may find uses in translocation analyses, it is likely that alternative amplification strategies need to be developed to meet the demands of cancer genomics

Ferredoxin containing bacteriocins suggest a novel mechanism of iron uptake in <i>Pectobacterium spp</i>

In order to kill competing strains of the same or closely related bacterial species, many bacteria produce potent narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics known as bacteriocins. Two sequenced strains of the phytopathogenic bacterium &lt;i&gt;Pectobacterium carotovorum&lt;/i&gt; carry genes encoding putative bacteriocins which have seemingly evolved through a recombination event to encode proteins containing an N-terminal domain with extensive similarity to a [2Fe-2S] plant ferredoxin and a C-terminal colicin M-like catalytic domain. In this work, we show that these genes encode active bacteriocins, pectocin M1 and M2, which target strains of &lt;i&gt;Pectobacterium carotovorum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pectobacterium atrosepticum&lt;/i&gt; with increased potency under iron limiting conditions. The activity of pectocin M1 and M2 can be inhibited by the addition of spinach ferredoxin, indicating that the ferredoxin domain of these proteins acts as a receptor binding domain. This effect is not observed with the mammalian ferredoxin protein adrenodoxin, indicating that &lt;i&gt;Pectobacterium spp.&lt;/i&gt; carries a specific receptor for plant ferredoxins and that these plant pathogens may acquire iron from the host through the uptake of ferredoxin. In further support of this hypothesis we show that the growth of strains of &lt;i&gt;Pectobacterium carotovorum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;atrosepticum&lt;/i&gt; that are not sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of pectocin M1 is enhanced in the presence of pectocin M1 and M2 under iron limiting conditions. A similar growth enhancement under iron limiting conditions is observed with spinach ferrodoxin, but not with adrenodoxin. Our data indicate that pectocin M1 and M2 have evolved to parasitise an existing iron uptake pathway by using a ferredoxin-containing receptor binding domain as a Trojan horse to gain entry into susceptible cells

CFD Investigation on Fluid Flow Analysis in Fluid Separator

The analysis of fully developed flow in the two fluid separators is an important issue in the industry such as production, processing, and petrochemical. The role of the two fluid separator is to separate two different fluid by using an appropriate mechanism without changing the quality. In this study, we have reviewed different mechanisms of two fluid separations such as gravity sedimentation, centrifugation, and electro kinetics, etc. The current work focuses on the design aspect of a fluid separator with respect to geometry and thermal design. CFD has been used to simulate flow in a fluid separator and its results have been verified experimentally. Flow rates used in the simulation have different values in interval 0.1 LPM. The study shows the best performance of fluid separator with respect to shape and flow rates. The given work helps to co-relate various design of separator in the industry with laboratory separators

Targeted resequencing of candidate genes using selector probes

Targeted genome enrichment is a powerful tool for making use of the massive throughput of novel DNA-sequencing instruments. We herein present a simple and scalable protocol for multiplex amplification of target regions based on the Selector technique. The updated version exhibits improved coverage and compatibility with next-generation-sequencing (NGS) library-construction procedures for shotgun sequencing with NGS platforms. To demonstrate the performance of the technique, all 501 exons from 28 genes frequently involved in cancer were enriched for and sequenced in specimens derived from cell lines and tumor biopsies. DNA from both fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies were analyzed and 94% specificity and 98% coverage of the targeted region was achieved. Reproducibility between replicates was high (R2 = 0, 98) and readily enabled detection of copy-number variations. The procedure can be carried out in <24 h and does not require any dedicated instrumentation

Scalable In Situ Hybridization on Tissue Arrays for Validation of Novel Cancer and Tissue-Specific Biomarkers

Tissue localization of gene expression is increasingly important for accurate interpretation of large scale datasets from expression and mutational analyses. To this end, we have (1) developed a robust and scalable procedure for generation of mRNA hybridization probes, providing >95% first-pass success rate in probe generation to any human target gene and (2) adopted an automated staining procedure for analyses of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and tissue microarrays. The in situ mRNA and protein expression patterns for genes with known as well as unknown tissue expression patterns were analyzed in normal and malignant tissues to assess procedure specificity and whether in situ hybridization can be used for validating novel antibodies. We demonstrate concordance between in situ transcript and protein expression patterns of the well-known pathology biomarkers KRT17, CHGA, MKI67, PECAM1 and VIL1, and provide independent validation for novel antibodies to the biomarkers BRD1, EZH2, JUP and SATB2. The present study provides a foundation for comprehensive in situ gene set or transcriptome analyses of human normal and tumor tissues