Marketing in Higher Education: A Stage Model Concerning Where It\u27s Been and Where It\u27s Going

The ideas of Williford (1987) are used to propose a four-stage model describing the evolution of marketing in many colleges and universities. It elaborates on the thinking endemic to strategic marketing management and frameworks drawn from business marketing which will likely become more prominent in higher education. (Author/GLR

Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties

Data on the elastic properties of single crystals have been collected from the literature published through mid-1964. The elastic properties of isotropic aggregates (Young\u27s modulus, Poisson\u27s ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus, compressibility, velocity of shear waves, and the velocity of compressional waves) are calculated according to the schemes of Voigt and Reuss. The tables include about 1100 determinations

Hashin Bounds for Aggregates of Cubic Crystals

Bounds for the elastic properties of aggregates of cubic crystals are calculated from the single crystal data according to the scheme developed by Hashin and Shtrikman. These bounds are better by an order of magnitude for most materials than those provided by the Voigt and Reuss averages. Values of rigidity, Young\u27s modulus, Poisson\u27s ratio, and velocity of both compressional and shear waves are tabulated for about 900 cubic specimens

Fatigue Enhancement of Undersized, Drilled Crack-Arrest Holes

Fatigue cracks occur in steel bridges from repeated loads. If allowed to continue to grow, eventually the fatigue cracks will require either expensive repairs or reduction of traffic loads on the bridge, or they may lead to the failure of the bridge. The objective of this research was to develop a new, cost-effective technique that can be used to arrest the growth of fatigue cracks before they develop to an extent that more expensive repairs are required. It is well known that drilling a hole (crack-stop hole) at each end of a fatigue crack can arrest the growth of the fatigue crack. This new technique consisted of cold-expanding a crack-arrest hole thereby cold-working the material around the hole and subjecting the cold-worked material to ultrasonic vibration. It was hypothesized that this process would increase fatigue crack initiation life three ways. First, the compressive force used to cold-expand the hole would result in residual compressive stress fields around the hole when the radial force was removed. Second, the cold-expansion would cause strain-hardening and cold-working with a concomitant increase in the yield and ultimate strengths of the steel. Third, the ultrasonic vibration from the PICK treatment would further increase the resistance to fatigue propagation by increasing the yield and ultimate strengths and increasing the radial extent of the residual compressive stress field. These expected results and their effects on fatigue crack initiation were investigated through a proof-of-concept testing program using reduced-scale, laboratory models and by mathematical modeling

Acoustic double refraction in low-porosity rocks

Anisotropy in physical properties of rocks can arise from preferred mineral orientation, mineral layering, nonhydrostatic stress, and anisotropic crack distribution. For instance, all of the following cause acoustic double refraction: preferential orientation of olivine grains in dunites, alternating layers in laboratory-sized samples of such mineral pairs as olivine-feldspar, wollastonite-diopside, and garnet-pyroxene, alternating layers of basalt flows and lunar breccias, anisotropy in crack distribution of most granites, and anistropy in crack distribution induced by uniaxial stress. We discuss, both experimentally and theoretically, shear-wave propagation in these rock types and indicate how the laboratory data may be applied to the interpretation of the anisotropy observed in the Earth's crust and upper mantle. We discuss the possibility of elastic anisotropy in the Moon

Surface electrical properties experiment

The Surface Electrical Properties Experiment (SEP) was flown to the Moon in December 1972 on Apollo 17 and used to explore a portion of the Taurus-Littrow region. SEP used a relatively new technique, termed radio frequency interferometry (RFI). Electromagnetic waves were radiated from two orthogonal, horizontal electric dipole antennas on the surface of the moon at frequencies of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 Mhz. The field strength of the EM waves was measured as a function of distance with a receiver mounted on the Lunar Roving Vehicle and using three orthogonal, electrically small, loops. The interference pattern produced by the waves that travelled above the Moon's surface and those that travelled below the surface was recorded on magnetic tape. The tape was returned to Earth for analysis and interpretation." "Several reprints, preprints, and an initial draft of the first publication of the SEP results are included. These documents provide a rather complete account of the details of the theory of the RFI technique, of the terrestrial tests of the technique, and of the present state of our interpretation of the Apollo 17 data.NASA Contract NAS9-11540Gene Simmons, principal investigator

The surface electrical properties experiment

The purpose of this paper is to describe the general nature of the Surface Electrical Properties experiment now planned for the Apollo 17 missions. This experiment has been designed specifically to operate in the lunar environment where there is believed to be essentially no moisture present.Gene Simmons ... [et al.]

African American Children’s Depressive Symptoms: The Prospective Effects of Neighborhood Disorder, Stressful Life Events, and Parenting

The prospective effects of observed neighborhood disorder, stressful life events, and parents’ engagement in inductive reasoning on adolescents’ depressive symptoms were examined using data collected from 777 African American families. Multilevel analyses revealed that stressful life events experienced at age 11 predicted depressive symptoms at age 13. Furthermore, a significant interaction between neighborhood disorder and parents’ engagement in inductive reasoning was found, indicating that parental use of inductive reasoning was a protective factor for depressive symptoms particularly for youths living in highly disordered neighborhoods. The importance of examining correlates of depressive symptoms from a contextual framework, focusing on individuals, families, and neighborhood contexts, is emphasized

Kiloparsec-scale AGN outflows and feedback in merger-free galaxies

Recent observations and simulations have challenged the long-held paradigm that mergers are the dominant mechanism driving the growth of both galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH), in favour of non-merger (secular) processes. In this pilot study of merger-free SMBH and galaxy growth, we use Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectral observations to examine four low-redshift (0.043 < z < 0.073) disc-dominated ‘bulgeless’ galaxies hosting luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN), assumed to be merger-free. We detect blueshifted broadened [O III] emission from outflows in all four sources, which the [OIII]/Hβ ratios reveal are ionized by the AGN. We calculate outflow rates in the range 0.12−0.7 M⊙ yr−1⁠, with velocities of 675−1710 km s−1⁠, large radial extents of 0.6−2.4 kpc⁠, and SMBH accretion rates of 0.02−0.07 M⊙ yr−1⁠. We find that the outflow rates, kinematics, and energy injection rates are typical of the wider population of low-redshift AGN, and have velocities exceeding the galaxy escape velocity by a factor of ∼30, suggesting that these outflows will have a substantial impact through AGN feedback. Therefore, if both merger-driven and non-merger-driven SMBH growth lead to co-evolution, this suggests that co-evolution is regulated by feedback in both scenarios. Simulations find that bars and spiral arms can drive inflows to galactic centers at rates an order of magnitude larger than the combined SMBH accretion and outflow rates of our four targets. This work therefore provides further evidence that non-merger processes are sufficient to fuel SMBH growth and AGN outflows in disc galaxies

The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation