Babesiose canina: uma visão geral da doença

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis, comprising of the subspecies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi. These species and subspecies have distinct tick vectors and display distinct pathogenic variables, which may influence the clinical syndromes exhibited by affected animals, besides factors inherent to the infected dog. These morphological, epidemiological and pathogenetic differences of the agents have contributed to variations in the distribution and clinical presentation of the disorder. Therefore, this review aims to expose the etiological, epidemiological, immunological and clinicalpathological features, as well as the methods available for diagnosis of canine babesiosis.A babesiose canina é uma doença hemolítica transmitida por carrapatos, causada pelos agentes Babesia gibsoni e Babesia canis, com este englobando as subespécies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis e B. canis rossi. Estas espécies e subespécies são transmitidas por carrapatos vetores distintos exibindo patogenicidade variável, o que tem influenciado nas síndromes clínicas exibidas pelos animais acometidos, assim como alguns fatores inerentes aos cães infectados. Essas diversidades morfológicas, epidemiológicas e patogenéticas dos agentes têm contribuído para as variações na distribuição e apresentação clínico-patológica da enfermidade e dificultado o diagnóstico da doença. Diante disso, esta revisão tem por objetivo expor os aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, imunológicos e clínico-patológicos, como também os métodos disponíveis para diagnóstico da babesiose canina

AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL TÓXICO REPRODUTIVO DO EXTRATO DO FRUTO DE Buchenavia sp EM RATOS MACHOS IMPÚBERES DA LINHAGEM WISTAR

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos do extrato aquoso do fruto de Buchenavia sp. sobre o sistema  reprodutivo de ratos impúberes, pesquisando as atividades androgênica e antiandrogênica e sinais de toxicidade sistêmica. Foi empregado o protocolo de curta duração (Teste de Hershberger)., Foram utilizados 64 ratos impúberes, divididos em oito grupos de oito animais: controle positivo, controle negativo, extrato 250mg/100g, extrato 500mg/100g, extrato 1000mg/100g,  extrato 250mg/100g + testosterona,  extrato 500mg/100g + testosterona,  extrato 1000mg/100g + testosterona,. Os resultados mostram que durante o período de realização dos tratamentos, o extrato aquoso do fruto da Buchenavia sp  não apresentou atividade androgênica ou antiandrogênica em ratos impúberes segundo o protocolo de curta duração, bem como, não influenciou no ganho de peso dos animais e não levou a observação de alterações degenerativas, inflamatórias ou necróticas dos órgãos analisados e não desencadeou toxicidade sistêmica

Ocorrência de rinite atrófica e pneumonia em suínos híbridos e sem raça definida em criação intensiva

The atrophic rhinitis (AR) and pneumonia are among the most frequently diagnosed respiratory diseases in swine production systems and can lead to significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and degree of AR and pneumonia in hybrids and undefined breed swine herds submitted to intensive farming system and check if there is an association between the occurrence of these diseases in the herds. For this, we used 30 swines hybrids (Group I) and 30 undefined breed swines (Group II) from intensive farming system. The index of atrophic rhinitis (IAR) of herds for Groups I and II were, respectively, 1.00 and 0.57. In Group I, 20.8% (5/24) of the pigs presented pneumonia, while none of the animals in Group II exhibited this pathology. There was no correlation between the presence of atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia for the studied animals. These are the first data on the occurrence of these diseases in swines of Piauí State, Brazil. We demonstrated that these pathologies are present in animals from intensive farming systems and that occurrence varied according to racial type, being the hybrid swines the most affected animals by AR and pneumonia.A rinite atrófica (RA) e as pneumonias estão entre as doenças respiratórias mais frequentemente diagnosticadas nos sistemas de produção de suínos, aos quais causam prejuízos econômicos significativos. Objetivou-se determinar a ocorrência e o grau de RA e pneumonias em rebanhos de suínos híbridos e sem raça definida de criações intensivas, além de verificar se há associação entre a ocorrência dessas enfermidades nos rebanhos estudados. Para isso, foram estudados 30 suínos híbridos (Grupo I) e 30 suínos sem raça definida (Grupo II) de criação intensiva. O Índice de Rinite Atrófica (IRA) dos rebanhos dos grupos I e II foi, respectivamente, 1,00 e 0,57. No grupo I, 20,8% (5/24) dos suínos apresentaram pneumonia, enquanto nenhum dos animais do grupo II exibiu esta patologia. Não houve correlação entre presença de rinite atrófica e pneumonia nos animais deste estudo. Estes são os primeiros dados sobre a ocorrência destas enfermidades em suínos no Estado do Piauí e demonstram que as doenças estão presentes em animais de criação intensivas, com ocorrência variando com o tipo racial, sendo os suínos híbridos mais afetados por ambas

Quantificação de células dos túbulos seminíferos e rendimento da espermatogênese em cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiros

This study has as objective to evaluate the spermatogenesis yield of Agoutis rised in captivity, through the rates found between cellular types of the seminiferous epithelium. The results showed that the spermatogenesis yield of the Agoutis since 9 to 14 months of age did not reach the stabilization point. The coefficient of efficiency of the spermatogonium mitoses, did not increase with the age. The meiotic yield, usual spermatogenesis yield and the Sertoli cells index didn't showed numeric variation at function of the age, however, it was not detected by statistic data.O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o rendimento da espermatogênese de cutias criadas em cativeiro, por intermédio das razões encontradas entre tipos celulares do epitélio seminífero. Os resultados apontaram que o rendimento da espermatogênese da cutia dos nove aos quatorze meses de idade não chegou a um ponto de estabilização. O coeficiente de eficiência de mitoses espermatogoniais não aumentou com a idade. O rendimento meiótico, o rendimento geral da espermatogênese e o índice de células de Sertoli mostraram variações numéricas em função da idade, entretanto, não detectadas estatisticamente

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research