Avaliação de hipóxia tumoral por PET/CT com fluoromisonidazol(18 F) no planeamento em radioterapia. Experiência inicial

A hipóxia está frequentemente presente nos tumores sólidos malignos, encontrando-se associada a agressividade tumoral e a resistência à terapêutica. A sua detecção tem elevada importância clínica porque o prognóstico das lesões malignas com baixos níveis de oxigenação é desfavorável. O Fluoromisonidazol (18 F) (FMISO-F18) é um radiofármaco desenvolvido com o objectivo de identificar hipóxia tumoral. Há forte evidência da importância desta informação funcional que permite a estratificação de doentes e a adaptação individualizada de estratégias e doses terapêuticas. Efetuou-se uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de avaliar o interesse e a utilidade da tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computadorizada (PET/CT) com FMISO-F18 na identificação de hipóxia tumoral, nomeadamente para o planeamento da radioterapia. Esta técnica apresenta-se como uma modalidade imagiológica capaz de indicar e quantificar, de modo não invasivo, a presença de hipóxia, identificando sub-volumes tumorais hipóxicos que podem beneficiar de incrementos de dose. Ilustra-se esta temática com os dois primeiros exames realizados na nossa Instituição e, também, os primeiros a nível nacional. Trata-se de dois doentes com carcinoma da cabeça e pescoço, em que o planeamento da radioterapia externa teve em consideração, de forma relevante, as informações funcionais fornecidas pela PET/CT com Fluorodesoxiglucose (18 F) (FDG-F18) e, ainda, pela PET/CT com FMISO-F18

Inundações no município do Porto em janeiro de 2023: avaliação baseada numa revisão de literatura

Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as inundações ocorridas no Porto - Portugal em 7 de janeiro de 2023, que resultaram em um intenso escoamento superficial devido à forte precipitação. Para entender melhor as causas dessas inundações, realizamos uma revisão da literatura. Através de pesquisas em plataformas Google Scholar e Science Direct, identificamos 14 referências relevantes, incluindo artigos científicos e dissertações de mestrado, que abordam estratégias de mitigação e prevenção de inundações urbanas. Essas estratégias envolvem melhorias na infraestrutura de drenagem, planejamento urbano sustentável, sistemas de alerta precoce e conscientização pública sobre os riscos. No dia 7 de janeiro de 2023, a cidade enfrentou uma série de inundações que resultaram em danos materiais significativos. As áreas mais afetadas incluíram não apenas a rua Mouzinho da Silveira, mas também a rua Barão de Forrester e a rua dos Clérigos. Essas regiões foram particularmente atingidas pelo avanço das águas, causando danos consideráveis e prolongando os efeitos das inundações na cidade. As estratégias propostas, como a limpeza dos detritos das obras do metro, estudos hidrológicos e melhorias nas infraestruturas e sistemas de drenagem, podem ajudar a prevenir inundações futuras. Também é importante conscientizar a população sobre o risco de inundações e promover a participação de todos na definição e implementação das estratégias. Conclui-se que a implementação integrada dessas estratégias pode fortalecer a resiliência do Porto às inundações, minimizando danos materiais e riscos à segurança.In this work, we analyzed the floods that occurred in Porto - Portugal on January 7, 2023, which resulted in intense surface runoff due to heavy precipitation.To better understand the causes of these floods, we conducted a literature review. Through searches on Google Scholar and Science Direct platforms, we identified 14 relevant references, including scientific articles and master theses, that address mitigation and prevention strategies for urban flooding. These strategies involve improvements in drainage infrastructure, sustainable urban planning, early warning systems and public awareness of the risks. On January 7, 2023, the city faced a series of floods that resulted in significant material damage. The most affected areas included not only Mouzinho da Silveira Street but also Barão de Forrester Street and Cl�\xA9rigos Street. These regions were particularly impacted by the advancing waters, causing considerable damage and prolonging the effects of the floods in the city. The proposed strategies, such as cleaning debris from the metro works, hydrological studies and improvements in infrastructure and drainage systems, can help prevent future flooding. It is also important to make the population aware of the risk of flooding and to promote everyone's participation in defining and implementing the strategies. It is concluded that the integrated implementation of these strategies can strengthen the Porto's resilience to flooding, minimizing material damage and safety risks. The adaptation of these strategies to local characteristics and the collaboration between government authorities, urban planning experts and local communities are essential to address the challenges and promote effective flood management in Porto

INUNDAÇÕES NO MUNICÍPIO DO PORTO EM JANEIRO DE 2023 : AVALIAÇÃO BASEADA NUMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

In this work, we analyzed the floods that occurred in Porto - Portugal on January 7, 2023, which resulted in intense surface runoff due to heavy precipitation.To better understand the causes of these floods, we conducted a literature review. Through searches on Google Scholar and Science Direct platforms, we identified 14 relevant references, including scientific articles and master theses, that address mitigation and prevention strategies for urban flooding. These strategies involve improvements in drainage infrastructure, sustainable urban planning, early warning systems and public awareness of the risks. On January 7, 2023, the city faced a series of floods that resulted in significant material damage. The most affected areas included not only Mouzinho da Silveira Street but also Barão de Forrester Street and Clérigos Street. These regions were particularly impacted by the advancing waters, causing considerable damage and prolonging the effects of the floods in the city. The proposed strategies, such as cleaning debris from the metro works, hydrological studies and improvements in infrastructure and drainage systems, can help prevent future flooding. It is also important to make the population aware of the risk of flooding and to promote everyone's participation in defining and implementing the strategies. It is concluded that the integrated implementation of these strategies can strengthen Porto's resilience to flooding, minimizing material damage and safety risks. The adaptation of these strategies to local characteristics and the collaboration between government authorities, urban planning experts and local communities are essential to address the challenges and promote effective flood management in Porto.En este estudio, se analizaron las inundaciones que ocurrieron en Oporto - Portugal el 7 de enero de 2023, las cuales resultaron en un intenso escurrimiento superficial debido a fuertes precipitaciones. Para entender mejor las causas de estas inundaciones, se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura. A través de investigaciones en las plataformas Google Scholar y Science Direct, identificamos 14 referencias relevantes, incluyendo artículos científicos y tesis de maestría, que abordan estrategias de mitigación y prevención de inundaciones urbanas. Estas estrategias incluyen mejoras en la infraestructura de drenaje, planificación urbana sostenible, sistemas de alerta temprana y concientización pública sobre los riesgos. El 7 de enero de 2023, la ciudad enfrentó una serie de inundaciones que resultaron en daños materiales significativos. Las áreas más afectadas incluyeron no solo la calle Mouzinho da Silveira, sino también la calle Barão de Forrester y la calle dos Clérigos. Estas regiones fueron particularmente afectadas por el avance de las aguas, causando daños considerables y prolongando los efectos de las inundaciones en la ciudad. Las estrategias propuestas, como la limpieza de escombros de las obras del metro, estudios hidrológicos y mejoras en la infraestructura y sistemas de drenaje, pueden ayudar a prevenir futuras inundaciones. También es importante concientizar a la población sobre el riesgo de inundaciones y promover la participación de todos en la definición e implementación de las estrategias. Se concluye que la implementación integrada de estas estrategias puede fortalecer la resiliencia de Oporto ante inundaciones, minimizando daños materiales y riesgos para la seguridad.Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as inundações ocorridas no Porto - Portugal em 7 de janeiro de 2023, que resultaram em um intenso escoamento superficial devido à forte precipitação. Para entender melhor as causas dessas inundações, realizamos uma revisão da literatura. Através de pesquisas em plataformas Google Scholar e Science Direct, identificamos 14 referências relevantes, incluindo artigos científicos e dissertações de mestrado, que abordam estratégias de mitigação e prevenção de inundações urbanas. Essas estratégias envolvem melhorias na infraestrutura de drenagem, planejamento urbano sustentável, sistemas de alerta precoce e conscientização pública sobre os riscos. No dia 7 de janeiro de 2023, a cidade enfrentou uma série de inundações que resultaram em danos materiais significativos. As áreas mais afetadas incluíram não apenas a rua Mouzinho da Silveira, mas também a rua Barão de Forrester e a rua dos Clérigos. Essas regiões foram particularmente atingidas pelo avanço das águas, causando danos consideráveis e prolongando os efeitos das inundações na cidade. As estratégias propostas, como a limpeza dos detritos das obras do metro, estudos hidrológicos e melhorias nas infraestruturas e sistemas de drenagem, podem ajudar a prevenir inundações futuras. Também é importante conscientizar a população sobre o risco de inundações e promover a participação de todos na definição e implementação das estratégias. Conclui-se que a implementação integrada dessas estratégias pode fortalecer a resiliência do Porto às inundações, minimizando danos materiais e riscos à segurança

Structural features and lamellar mechanoreceptors of the collared peccary’s tongue (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus 1758)

Collared peccaries are omnivorous mammalians well known for presenting a prominent skin gland, known as scent gland. We’ve previously described the histological organization of the palate and lip of this peccary and found several small and large lamellar corpuscles (Vater-Pacini corpuscle) mostly grouped in small aggregates distributed along its lamina propria-submucosa. Here, we described the anatomic structure and histological organization of the tongue of the collared peccary by means of light microscopy. The main features were the presence of a prominent rostral anterior salivary gland and the widespread presence of lamellar corpuscles that could contribute to the tactile function of the tongue

Epidemiological Characterization and Risk Assessment Associated with the Presence of Diptera Order in Laying Poultry Farms

Background: Health aspects of flocks of laying chickens, such as the occurrence of infestations by parasites and poultry pests, influence significantly the productivity indicators. In recent years, Brazilian poultry has gone through a scientific and technological evolution which resulted in high density poultry hens in the laying sheds and an increase of the occurrence of ectoparasites such as Diptera. The presence of these flies have caused negative impacts for poultry farming, since these may be responsible for the increase of stress and disease emergence and, in addition, reduction of productivity. In this context, the control of synanthropic Diptera is one of the challenges of the poultry farmers and professionals of this area. This study was carried to assess and characterize the risks for the presence of flies in chicken houses of laying farms in the state of Minas Gerais.Materials, Methods & Results: Was used a secondary database and adapted for this study, with information from 402 chicken houses of 42 laying hens commercial properties. The variables used to compose the correspondence model were selected through chi-square tests (P ≤ 0.05). A risk index was built to the presence of flies from variables considered as risk factors for these ectoparasites. In addition, a study of the spatial analysis was carried to evaluate the intensity of chicken houses of poultry farms with the presence of flies. For this, a Kernel map was produced using the QGIZ 2.18.1 software, georreferencing the regions of state of Minas Gerais that have these ectoparasites. It was observed the presence of flies in 253 chicken houses evaluated, which corresponds to a frequency of 62.9%, with the most present flies were Chrysomya spp. 37.3%, M. domestica 34.3%, Fannia spp. 16% and Stomoxys spp. 14%. The graph of the correspondence analysis produced for the epidemiological characterization of the presence of flies presented an accumulated chi-square value of 56.05%. There was an association of the risk index with removal interval and the humidity of the manure and with the type of installation of chicken houses. Farms with chicken houses that create their birds on the ground present a lower risk for the presence of Diptera. In addition, when the removal of the manure is performed manually and is not done periodically, the presence of flies in the chicken houses is observed. It was verified that clusters located in the messoregion south/southwest of Minas Gerais and between the west and metropolitan mesoregion of Belo Horizonte with chicken houses that have the presence of flies.Discussion: The accumulation and permanence of manure can occur in less technical farms that have laying hens kept in confinement with high densities. In the case of Diptera, the greater the interval of removal of the manure below cages, the greater the risk for their presence, combined with the high densities of the birds that contribute to a faster accumulation of manure. The humidity of the manure is another important factor for the development of flies. The risk is high when chicken feces are liquefied, due to the fact that larvaes of flies need a moist substrate for survival. These results provide knowledge about the epidemiology of flies, in addition to demonstrate the profile of laying farms in the state of Minas Gerais. The implementation of certain management measures and the investment in technification of the chicken houses could reduce the risks of possible infestations in the flocks, besides the negative effects resulting from this ectoparasitism

Desafios e Soluções: Abordagem Anestésica em Cirurgias Gerais para Pacientes Oncológicos

Introduction: The anesthetic approach in general surgeries for cancer patients is a complex and challenging area of ​​medicine, which involves the interaction between anesthesia and cancer treatment. Cancer patients often require surgical interventions to diagnose, stage or treat the disease, but the presence of the tumor and the effects of treatment can complicate the administration of anesthesia. In this context, unique challenges arise that require a careful and personalized approach. Objective: To present the challenges and solutions in an anesthetic approach to general surgeries in cancer patients. Methodology: The Scielo, Medline and Science Direct databases were used, with articles published between 2019 and 2024, available in English or Portuguese. Final Considerations: The anesthetic approach in general surgeries for cancer patients is crucial to ensure the success of the surgical intervention, as well as the quality of life and survival of these patients. The challenges are diverse, from the need to carefully assess the patient's clinical condition to choosing the most appropriate drugs and anesthetic techniques for each case.Introdução: A abordagem anestésica em cirurgias gerais para pacientes oncológicos é uma área complexa e desafiadora da medicina, que envolve a interação entre a anestesia e o tratamento do câncer. Pacientes com câncer frequentemente requerem intervenções cirúrgicas para diagnóstico, estadiamento ou tratamento da doença, mas a presença do tumor e os efeitos do tratamento podem complicar a administração da anestesia. Nesse contexto, surgem desafios únicos que exigem uma abordagem cuidadosa e personalizada. Objetivo: Apresentar os desafios e soluções em uma abordagem anestésica nas cirurgias gerais em pacientes oncológicos. Metodologia: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scielo, Medline e Science Direct, com artigos publicados entre os anos 2019 e 2024, disponíveis em inglês ou português. Considerações Finais: A abordagem anestésica em cirurgias gerais para pacientes oncológicos é crucial para garantir o sucesso da intervenção cirúrgica, bem como a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida desses pacientes. Os desafios são diversos, desde a necessidade de avaliar cuidadosamente a condição clínica do paciente até a escolha dos fármacos e técnicas anestésicas mais adequados para cada caso

COFRADÍA LATINOAMERICANA

O projeto de extensão: “Cofradía Latinoamericana” visa estimular o ativismo cultural,da oralidade à escrita, da performance à cultura digital, da pintura ao grafite, daliteratura à música. Por meio de encontros periódicos, tem por objetivo fomentar avalorização das expressões artísticas latino-americanas. O projeto vem sendodesenvolvido há dois anos no Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus São Bento doSul, desde 2017, ano em que o campus iniciou suas atividades com o ensino médiointegrado. Até o momento o projeto teve dez encontros, contando com a participaçãode até 90 pessoas

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets

Predicting the Proteins of Angomonas deanei, Strigomonas culicis and Their Respective Endosymbionts Reveals New Aspects of the Trypanosomatidae Family

Endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. Such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the Trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. in an effort to better understand such symbiotic association, we used DNA pyrosequencing and a reference-guided assembly to generate reads that predicted 16,960 and 12,162 open reading frames (ORFs) in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Angomonas deanei (previously named as Crithidia deanei) and Strigomonas culicis (first known as Blastocrithidia culicis), respectively. Identification of each ORF was based primarily on TriTrypDB using tblastn, and each ORF was confirmed by employing getorf from EMBOSS and Newbler 2.6 when necessary. the monoxenic organisms revealed conserved housekeeping functions when compared to other trypanosomatids, especially compared with Leishmania major. However, major differences were found in ORFs corresponding to the cytoskeleton, the kinetoplast, and the paraflagellar structure. the monoxenic organisms also contain a large number of genes for cytosolic calpain-like and surface gp63 metalloproteases and a reduced number of compartmentalized cysteine proteases in comparison to other TriTryp organisms, reflecting adaptations to the presence of the symbiont. the assembled bacterial endosymbiont sequences exhibit a high A+T content with a total of 787 and 769 ORFs for the Angomonas deanei and Strigomonas culicis endosymbionts, respectively, and indicate that these organisms hold a common ancestor related to the Alcaligenaceae family. Importantly, both symbionts contain enzymes that complement essential host cell biosynthetic pathways, such as those for amino acid, lipid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. These findings increase our understanding of the intricate symbiotic relationship between the bacterium and the trypanosomatid host and provide clues to better understand eukaryotic cell evolution.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)ERC AdG SISYPHEUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Metab Macromol Firmino Torres de Castro, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLab Bioinformat, Lab Nacl Computacao Cient, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilINRIA Grenoble Rhone Alpes, BAMBOO Team, Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut, São Paulo, BrazilLab Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Bioetano, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Bioquim & Imunol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Mol Biol Lab, Goiania, Go, BrazilFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Carlos Chagas, Lab Biol Mol Tripanossomatideos, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Carlos Chagas, Lab Genom Func, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Ctr Pluridisciplinar Pesquisas Quim Biol & Agr, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Lab Protozool & Bioinformat, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Fed Vicosa, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Vicosa, MG, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Especial Ciclo Celular, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Biol, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

SÍNDROME DOS OVÁRIOS POLICÍSTICOS (SOP): UMA ABORDAGEM ABRANGENTE

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hormonal imbalances, manifested by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of cysts on the ovaries. Diagnosis is established through clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound criteria. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and often coexists with obesity. This condition can lead to metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to physical impacts, PCOS can have psychological repercussions, including issues related to self-image and social stigma. The treatment of PCOS encompasses pharmacological approaches, lifestyle modifications, and, in specific cases, surgical procedures. The importance of a multidisciplinary team, involving gynecologists, endocrinologists, nutritionists, and psychologists, stands out in the comprehensive management of the syndrome. Therapeutic strategies aim not only at hormonal regulation and restoration of fertility but also at improving the overall quality of life for the patient.A Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é uma condição endócrina complexa que afeta mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Caracteriza-se por desequilíbrios hormonais, manifestados por anovulação crônica, hiperandrogenismo e a presença de cistos nos ovários. O diagnóstico é estabelecido por critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e ultrassonográficos. A SOP está associada à resistência à insulina e frequentemente coexiste com a obesidade. Essa condição pode resultar em complicações metabólicas, como diabetes tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares. Além dos impactos físicos, a SOP pode ter repercussões psicológicas, incluindo questões relacionadas à autoimagem e estigma social. O tratamento da SOP abrange abordagens farmacológicas, estilo de vida e, em casos específicos, procedimentos cirúrgicos. A importância de uma equipe multidisciplinar, envolvendo ginecologistas, endocrinologistas, nutricionistas e psicólogos, destaca-se na gestão integral da síndrome. Estratégias terapêuticas visam não apenas à regularização hormonal e restauração da fertilidade, mas também à melhoria da qualidade de vida global da paciente