SAÚDE, TRABALHO E QUALIDADE DE VIDA NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS

As mudanças ocorridas nos ambientes de trabalho na era pós-industrial, as quais possuíam o intento de construir alternativas que consolidassem a participação humana como fator primordial para o alcance com sucesso ao objetivo proposto, infelizmente, não logrou êxito, tendo encontrado variados desafios no tocante ao empoderamento social.¹  As diferenciadas formas do trabalho flexível, contratos precários, carga horária extensa, ambientes inadequados para o exercício profissional, hierarquização vertical, assédio moral e desvalorização são quesitos presentes no mundo moderno que tem levado o trabalhador ao adoecimento.²  Tendo parte da sociedade, concebido a falta de empoderamento amplamente almejada pelos detentores do capital, em sua ótica, todas as formas de exploração têm se tornado consequências inevitáveis para a manutenção no mundo do trabalho, ainda que nefastas à saúde física e psíquica do trabalhador. Portanto, adoecer pelo trabalho tem ganhado conotação de naturalidade, ao invés de indignação

RECORDS OF THE SMALLEYE SMOOTH-HOUND Mustelus higmani SPRINGER & LOWE, 1963 (CHONDRICHTHYES: TRIAKIDAE) FROM MARANHÃO–BRAZIL

Registro de ocorrência do tubarão Mustelus higmani springer & lowe, 1963 (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae) no Estado do Maranhão–BrasilA família Triakidae é formada por nove gêneros e 39 espécies. Mustelus higmani é um tubarão de pequeno porte endêmico da América do Sul, ocorrendo desde o Golfo da Venezuela, passando por Curaçao e Trinidad, até a cidade de Santos, no Brasil. Habitam águas de até 100m de profundidade, sob substratos calcários, de areia ou de lama e abundantes em áreas estuarinas. Apesar de ser considerada abundante em outras regiões do Brasil, esta espécie, contraditoriamente, não é comum para o estado do Maranhão mesmo fazendo parte da área de distribuição e habitat natural. O registro de M. higmani no estado do Maranhão apresentado no presente estudo permitiu discutir hipóteses para explicar sua ocorrência e o seu atual estado de conservação. Um dos aspectos discutidos está relacionado à pesca artesanal utilizando como petrecho de pesca redes de arrasto em alto mar ou de deriva. Outro argumento apresentado para explicar a baixa densidade de M. higmani aborda o efeito negativo da pesca de camarões na região. E por último, discutimos a possibilidade de identificações errôneas da espécie.Palavras Chave: Costa norte do Brasil, Pesca artesanal, elasmobrânquios, distribuição geográfica.AbstractThe family Triakidae is composed of nine genera and 39 species. Mustelus higmani is a small-sized shark endemic to South America, ranging from the Venezuelan Gulf, passing through Curação and Trinidad, and reaching Santos in Brazil. The species inhabits waters up to 100 m in depth in areas with calcareous, sandy or muddy bottoms, being abundant in estuaries. Despite being abundant in Brazil, it is contradictory to observe that the species is rare in the coast of Maranhão State, which is part of the distribution area and contains several natural habitats. The record of M. higmani in Maranhão coast suggested by this paper allowed the elaboration of some arguments in order to explain the occurrence and the current conservation status of the species. The proposed arguments concern the practice of artisanal fishery in the coast of Maranhão and the negative effects of shrimp fishery and erroneous taxonomical identification.Key Words: Northern Brazilian coast, Artisanal fishery, elasmobranchs, geographic distribution

Immunological pathways triggered by porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic possibilities?

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum possess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host\u27s immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1β and caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1β release. The exact molecular events of the host\u27s response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum infections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections

Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ fyysisen toimintakyvyn kartoitus

Fyysisen toimintakyvyn huippu saavutetaan noin kolmenkymmenen ikävuoden iässä, minkä jälkeen fyysinen toimintakyky alkaa laskea. Ikääntymiseen liittyy luuston, nivelten ja tukirakenteiden haurastumista sekä elastisuuden vähenemistä. Fyysisen toimintakyvyn laskuun voidaan vaikuttaa elämäntyylillä. Säännöllinen fyysinen aktiivisuus on tärkeää, sillä se mahdollistaa hyvän toimintakyvyn säilymisen, itsenäisen suoriutumisen päivittäisistä toiminnoista ja mahdollisimman pitkän kotona asumisen. Kuntosaliharjoittelun on todettu olevan ikääntyneillä henkilöillä tehokas ja turvallinen tapa hidastaa fyysisen toimintakyvyn laskua. Espoon kaupunki on tarjonnut vuodesta 2007 lähtien ilmaisia liikuntapalveluja ikääntyneille espoolaisille: ensin 70-vuotiaille ja sitä vanhemmille ja vuoden 2009 alusta alkaen 68-vuotiaille ja sitä vanhemmille. Vuonna 2007 lanseerattiin myös Seniorisporttiklubi–toiminta, jossa on mahdollista osallistua ohjattuun kuntosaliharjoitteluun. Tällä hetkellä Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ kokoontuu useassa eri toimipaikassa kerran viikossa. Opinnäytetyössä testasimme 99 Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ -toimintaan osallistuvan ikääntyneen fyysistä toimintakykyä neljässä eri toimipaikassa. Osallistujista 57 oli naisia ja 42 miehiä, keski-ikä oli 73 vuotta. Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ toimintaan oli osallistuttu keskimäärin alle kuusi kuukautta. Valitsemiimme testeihin kuului lyhyen fyysisen suorituskyvyn testistö (SPPB), joka sisältää tasapaino-, kävelynopeus- ja tuolilta ylösnousutestin, sekä puristusvoiman mittaaminen. Työmme tarkoitus oli kartoittaa osallistujien fyysistä toimintakykyä ja verrata saatuja tuloksia viitearvoihin, sekä mahdollisia toimipaikkojen välisiä eroavaisuuksia. Testitulosten perusteella voimme todeta, että Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ kävijät ovat viitearvojen mukaan hyvässä fyysisessä kunnossa. Lyhyen fyysisen suorituskyvyn testistön (SPPB) ja puristusvoimatestin tulokset olivat lähes poikkeuksetta erittäin hyviä. Toimipaikkojen väliset erot olivat hyvin pieniä ja tilastollisesti merkityksettömiä. Ainoastaan tasapainotestin tuloksissa oli nähtävissä hieman hajontaa. Saatujen tulosten perusteella voidaan pitää todennäköisenä, että toimintaan hakeutuvat jo ennestään fyysisesti aktiiviset ja hyväkuntoiset ikääntyneet henkilöt. Tulevaisuudessa olisi tärkeää tutkia, miten saataisiin myös inaktiiviset ikääntyneet mukaan liikuntatoimintaan ja omaksumaan aktiivinen elämäntapa. Nykyistä toimintaa tulisi kehittää tavoitteellisempaan ja tätä kautta motivoivampaan suuntaan. Se lisäisi merkittävästi harjoittelun tehokkuutta ja tuloksellisuutta.The top of the physical capacity is reached at around the age of thirty and after that the capacity begins to decline. Aging is related to the decreasing of bone mass and elasticity and to the embrittlement of joints and supporting structures. It is possible to impact the declining of physical capacity by lifestyle. Regular physical activity is important because it enables to maintain good physical capacity, to cope in the activities of daily living and offers the possibility to live at home as long as possible. Resistance training is an effective and safe way to slow down the decreasing of physical capacity in the elderly. The City of Espoo has provided free exercise services to the elderly since 2007. First they were aimed to people of 70 years of age and older and from the beginning of 2009 the age limit was set down to 68 years. In the year 2007 began also the Seniorisporttiklubi (Sport club for seniors)-activity, which makes it possible for the elderly to participate in supervised resistance training. At the moment Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ takes place once a week in several locations. We studied the physical capacity of 99 participants of Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ in four different locations. 57 participants were female, 42 male, their mean age was 73 years. The time of par-ticipation in Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ was on the average less than six months. We chose to test the participants with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which consists of tests for gait speed, balance and sit-to-stand, as well as grip strength. The aim was to survey the physical capacity of the participants and to compare the results to the reference values and to establish possible differences between different locations. Based on the results we can notice that the participants of Seniorisporttiklubi 68+ have a good physical capacity according to the reference values. The results of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and grip strength were both almost invariably very good. The differences between the locations were minor and statistically insignificant. Only in the results of the balance test there was minor variation. According to these results it is probable that people who are physically active and have good physical condition find their way to the activity. In the future it would be essential to study ways to get inactive persons to participate in Se-niorisporttiklubi 68+ -activity and to adopt an active lifestyle. It would be important to develop the current activity to be more goal-directed and thus to be more motivating. This might increase the effectiveness and the results of the training

Os conceitos de minorias e massas na filosofia política de Ortega y Gasset

Pretende-se analisar os conceitos de “minorias” e “massas”, segundo a filosofia política de Ortega y Gasset, apresentados na obra “A Rebelião das Massas”. Tais conceitos guardam uma tipologia de duas espécies de homens, a saber: o “homem especial” e o “homem massa”. Para compreensão dessa tipologia, faz-se necessário investigar a filosofia política do autor e sua relação com as possíveis limitações da democracia como espaço de participação popular, uma vez que vários pensadores atribuem a Ortega y Gasset o título de “teórico das elites”. Sob o olhar conceitual que guarda o filósofo acerca de “minorias” e “massas”, pretende-se analisar a procedência ou não dessa crítica, mediante o estudo sistemático desses conceitos cardeais na obra “A Rebelião das Massas”

Estatus sociométrico de participantes involucrados en el bullying en la escuela

The situation of social vulnerability hinders the integration processes and thus can foster problems in interpersonal interactions in school. This study aimed to analyze the sociometric status and its relationships with sex, age and profiles of bullying participation in children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability. A total of 409 students between the third and seventh grades of two public elementary schools in Florianópolis-SC participated in this study. The positive status was higher for boys (M = 11.07; SD = 8.52) and adolescents (M = 11.46; SD = 8.19) compared to girls (M = 8.55; SD = 5.60) and children (M = 8.83; SD = 6.56). The aggressors’ positive status was higher, with significant difference, compared to victims and non participants of bullying (p = 0.008). In the context of bullying, aggressors’ high status can collaborate to their use of violence in conflict resolution or to gain peer popularity.A situação de vulnerabilidade social dificulta os processos de integração e com isso pode fomentar problemas nas interações interpessoais na escola. Este estudo objetivou analisar o status sociométrico e as suas relações com o sexo, a idade e os perfis de participação no bullying em crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Participaram 409 estudantes do terceiro ao sétimo anos do Ensino Fundamental de duas escolas públicas de Florianópolis-SC. O status positivo foi maior para os meninos (M = 11,07; DP = 8,52) e os adolescentes (M = 11,46; DP = 8,19) em relação às meninas (M = 8,55; DP = 5,60) e às crianças (M = 8,83; DP = 6,56). O status positivo dos agressores foi maior, com diferença significativa, em relação às vítimas e não participantes no bullying (p = 0,008). No contexto do bullying, o status elevado dos agressores pode colaborar para que eles utilizem a violência na solução de conflitos ou para obtenção de popularidade entre os pares.La situación de vulnerabilidad social dificulta los procesos de integración, lo que puede ocasionar problemas en las interacciones interpersonales en la escuela. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el estatus sociométrico y sus relaciones con el sexo, la edad y los perfiles de participación en el bullying en niños y adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Participaron 409 estudiantes del 3.º al 7.º grados de la educación primaria de dos escuelas públicas en Florianópolis (SC, Brasil). El estatus positivo fue mayor para los chicos (M = 11,07; DE = 8,52) y los adolescentes (M = 11,46; DE = 8,19) en comparación con las chicas (M = 8,55; DE = 5,60) y los niños (M = 8,83; DE = 6,56). El estatus positivo de los agresores fue mayor, con una diferencia significativa, que el de las víctimas y los no participantes en el bullying (p = 0,008). El estatus elevado de los agresores en el bullying puede colaborar con la utilización de la violencia para resolver conflictos o ganar popularidad entre sus pares.Portuguese national funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) within the framework of the CIEC (Research Center for Child Studies of the University of Minho) project under the reference UIDB/00317/202

Skills and hands ability: dealing with the teaching of semiotics in nursing

Objective: Production of ideas from incentive to imagination that may indicate troubleshooting identified by nursing students and presenting ideas and potential products resulting from their imagination. Method: Carthografic qualitative. The institutional research scenario is a public university in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Sixteen Nursing students were part of this study. Results: Twelve images were produced by Nursing students (73,4%), while only four students (26,6%) did not elaborate any image. The produced data came from three moments: "tracking to play", "playing to land" and "landing to reconize". Conclusion: There were identified problems resulting from experience with the families, to the creation of ideas into products or procedures involving innovations soft-hard technologies and building applications, tablets for hospitalized clients

Star Wars - an episodes battle

Mlodinow (2008) proposed a crazy market experiment: to release the same film under two titles: Star Wars: Episode A and Star Wars: Episode B. Their marketing campaigns and distribution schedule are identical except by their titles on trailers and ads. He looks at the first 20,000 moviegoers and record the film they choose to see. He claims it is most probable the lead never changes, and it is 88 times more likely that one of the two films will be int the lead through all 20,000 customers than it is that the lead continuously seesaw. We present a detailed mathematical explanation for Mlodinow claims

Efecto del riego deficitario sobre la producción de Tiftón 85

Deficit irrigation consists of application of amounts of water less than plant requirements for satisfying water deficiencies of the crop, and this may maximize efficiency of water use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on production of Tifton 85 grass. The experiment was carried out on the Santa Helena Farm in the municipality of Bom Despacho, MG, Brazil. Five levels of irrigation were used as treatments (28%, 42%, 57%, 71%, and 85% of the crop coefficient value) in randomized blocks with three replications. The following variables were evaluated: dry matter production (kg ha-1), leaf/stem ratio, height (cm), dead plant material (%), leaf area index, leaf area ratio (m2 kg-1), leaf weight ratio (kg kg-1), and specific leaf area (m2 kg-1). A difference was observed for Tifton 85 production in which the greatest average yield (6126.35 kg ha-1) was obtained through application of 71% Kc. For the other characteristics, there was no difference for any of the variables evaluated.El riego deficitario consiste en la aplicación de láminas inferiores a las necesarias para satisfacer las deficiencias hídricas de un cultivo, además que puede maximizar la eficiencia en el uso del agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del riego deficitario en la producción del cultivo Tifton 85. El experimento fue realizado en la Hacienda Santa Helena situada en el municipio de Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais (MG) Brasil. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: cinco láminas de riego (28%, 42%, 57%, 71% y 85% del valor de coeficiente de cultivo) en bloques aleatorios con tres repeticiones. Fueron evaluadas las siguientes variables: producción de materia seca (kg ha-1), relación hoja/altura, altura (cm), materia muerta (%), índice de área foliar, relación de área foliar (m2 kg-1), relación de peso foliar (kg kg-1) y área foliar especifica (m2 kg-1). Se observó una diferencia en la producción de Tifton 85, donde el mayor promedio de producción (6126.35 kg ha-1) se obtuvo con la aplicación de las láminas 71% Kc. Para las demás características no hubo diferencia en ninguna de las variables estudiadas.Fil: Silva, Anita Cristina Costa da.Fil: Lima, Luiz Antonio.Fil: Almeida, Willian Fernandes de.Fil: Thebaldi, Michael Silveira.Fil: Silva, Antônio Carlos da