Vulnerabilidad suramericana frente a las potencias occidentales : políticas de integración latinoamericana como instrumento de soberanía : una comparación entre el siglo XVI y XXI

El presente trabajo aborda un tema de creciente importancia en la presente fase histórica caracterizada por un auge en los procesos de integración regional, tanto en el ámbito mundial como en el latinoamericano. Las dimensiones sociales de la integración, entendidas en sentido amplio reconocen vertientes económicas, políticas y culturales. Y aun cuando estos tres aspectos están ligados, conviene separarlos conceptualmente porque la racionalidad del análisis suele ser diferente. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en comparar las realidades de los países latinoamericanos en el siglo XVI y XXI, en cuanto a su vulnerabilidad frente a los imperios (EE.UU., Europa y países asiáticos, como Japón o Corea) y entendiendo ésta en sus distintos aspectos: político, económico, social y cultural. Al mismo tiempo, se pretende demostrar la importancia de los procesos de integración regional como instrumento de soberanía política, económica y cultural; comprendiendo las dificultades que vivieron nuestros países durante el proceso de colonización y cómo la coyuntura actual presenta una oportunidad crucial para el crecimiento y desarrollo, en todas sus facetas, de Latinoamérica

Mercantilização do ensino superior, crise trabalhista e pandemia do COVID-19

This article aimed to analyze the commodification of higher education and the impact of digital technologies and the coronavirus pandemic on the level of learning and work of university professors. The methodology used was a bibliographical review – with content analysis (theoretical-deductive and dialectic), in a qualitative and quantitative way. The conclusion was that the process of commodification of higher education, the economic crises and the COVID-19 pandemic boosted the implementation of the virtual class system, in hybridity with face-to-face classes, impacting the quality of teaching and the work of teachers. university students, who started to face difficulties with the volume of work, with the mastery of new digital tools and with the challenge of maintaining the level of engagement and learning of students

Stability of Talar Neck Fracture Fixation: A Biomechanical Comparison of 4.0 Cannulated Headed Screws and Conical Headless Screws

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical stability of cannulated conical variable pitch headless (CH) screws to partially threaded 4.0 cannulated (4.0 C) screws for fixation of talar neck fractures. Methods: A controlled talar neck fracture was produced in 24 sawbone tali. The fractures were stabilized with CH screws in 12 tali and with 4.0 C screws in 12 tali. A Mechanical Testing System machine was used to apply a dorsally-directed shear force to the talar head with the talus body fixed to simulate walking and the clinical mode of failure of talar neck fracture fixation. Stiffness of the fixation devices was calculated for each specimen and the groups statistically compared. The results were confirmed in 10 cadaveric bone specimen. Results: The fixation of talar neck fractures by the CH screws was significantly stiffer than the 4-0 C screw (mean 635 N and 335 N, respectively, P \u3c 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study support the clinical use of the cannulated conical headless variable pitch screw for talar neck fracture fixation. The improved fixation of this device is likely to decrease the incidence of fixation failure and poor clinical results due to malunion, nonunion,and stiffness. The CH can be placed using the same surgical exposure and ease of a 4.0 C screw,while eliminating the problem of screw head prominence

Senior Recital: Jarod Dylan Boles, double bass

This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Performance. Mr. Boles studies doiuble bass with Joseph McFadden.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1524/thumbnail.jp

Questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults: content description and measurement properties. A systematic review

Background Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the objective was to systematically review the literature on content and measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults. Methods The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched until April 2021. Articles were included if: the questionnaires were design for adults and older adults; the sample size for validity studies had at least 50 participants; at least, both validity and test-retest reliability results of questionnaire that were developed specifically to measure the amount of sleep, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, or their combination were reported; and articles had to be written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian or Chinese. Findings and conclusions Data extraction, results, studies’ quality, and risk of bias were evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Fifty-five articles were included in this review, describing 60 questionnaires. None of the questionnaires showed adequate criterion validity and adequate reliability, simultaneously; 68.3% showed adequate content validity. The risk of bias for criterion validity and reliability were very low in 72.2% and 23.6% of the studies, respectively. Existing questionnaires have insufficient measurement properties and frequent methodologic limitations, and none was developed considering the 24h movement behaviour paradigm. The lack of valid and reliable questionnaires assessing 24h movement behaviours in an integrated way, precludes accurate monitoring and surveillance systems of 24h movement behaviours.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Report and preliminary results of SONNE cruise SO175, Miami - Bremerhaven, 12.11 - 30.12.2003 : (GAP, Gibraltar Arc Processes)

Expedition SO175 using FS Sonne aimed for a multidisciplinerary geoscientific approach with an international group of researchers. Methods covered the entire span from geophysical data acquisition (seafloor mapping, echography, seismic reflection), sediment coring at sites of active fluid venting, in situ heat flow measurements across the entire length of the Gibraltar thrust wedge, the deformation front, landslide bodies, and mud volcanoes, and finally the deployment of a long-term pore pressure probe. Video-supported operations helped to identify fluid vent sites, regions with tectonic activity, and other attractive high priority targets. Qualitative and quantitative examinations took place on board and are continued on land with respect to pore pressure variation, geomicrobiology, sediment- and fluid mobilization, geochemical processes, faunal assemblages (e.g. cold water corals), and gas hydrates (flammable methane-ice-crystals). Main focus of the expedition has been a better understanding of interaction between dynamic processes in a seismically active region region with slow plate convergence. In the context of earthquake nucleation and subduction zone processes, the SO175 research programme had a variety of goals, such as: • To test the frictional behaviour of the abyssal plain sediments. • To explore the temperature field of the 1755 thrust earthquake event via heat flow measurements. • To assess the role of fluid venting and gas hydrate processes control slope stability and mud volcanic activity along the Iberian continental margin. • To measure isotope geochemistry of pore waters and carbonates of deep fluids. • To quantify microbial activity in Gibraltar wedge sediments. • To test whether microseismicity in the area corresponds to in situ pore pressure changes. • To find out if enhanced heat flow max be indicative of active subduction. Initial tentative results during the cruise suggest that there is a component of active thrusting at the base of the wedge, as attested by heat flow data. Based on mostly geochemical evidence, mud volcanism was found less active than previously assumed. Highlights from post-cruise research include the successful deployment of the long-term station and high frictional resistance of all incoming sediment on the three abyssal plains

Glycan affinity magnetic nanoplatforms for urinary glycobiomarkers discovery in bladder cancer

Bladder Cancer (BC) presents one of the highest recurrence rates amongst solid tumours and constitutes the second deadliest disease of the genitourinary track. Non-invasive identification of patients facing disease recurrence and/or progression remains one of the most critical and challenging aspects in disease management. To contribute to this goal, we demonstrate the potential of glycan-affinity glycoproteomics nanoplatforms for urinary biomarkers discovery in bladder cancer. Briefly, magnetic nanoprobes (MNP) coated with three broad-spectrum lectins, namely Concanavalin A (ConA; MNP@ConA), Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA; MNP@WGA), and Sambucus nigra (SNA; MNP@SNA), were used to selectively capture glycoproteins from the urine of low-grade and high-grade non-muscle invasive as well as muscle-invasive BC patients. Proteins were identified by nano-LC MALDI-TOF/TOF and data was curated using bioinformatics tools (UniProt, NetOGlyc, NetNGlyc, ClueGO app for Cytoscape and Oncomine) to highlight clinically relevant species. Accordingly, 63 glycoproteins were exclusively identified in cancer samples compared with healthy controls matching in age and gender. Specific glycoprotein sets exclusively found in low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder tumours may aid early diagnosis, while those only found in high-grade non-invasive and muscle-invasive tumours hold potential for accessing progression. Amongst these proteins is bladder cancer stem-cell marker CD44, which has been associated with poor prognosis. Orthogonal validation studies by slot-blotting demonstrated an elevation in urine CD44 levels of high-grade patients, which became more pronounced upon muscle-invasion, in mimicry of the primary tumour. These observations demonstrate the potential of MNP@lectins for identification of clinically relevant glycoproteomics signatures in bladder cancer. Future clinical validation in a larger and well characterized patient subset is required envisaging clinical translation of the results.publishe

Sources of Carbon Monoxide and Formaldehyde in North America Determined from High-Resolution Atmospheric Data

We analyze the North American budget for carbon monoxide using data for CO and formaldehyde concentrations from tall towers and aircraft in a model-data assimilation framework. The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model for CO (STILT-CO) determines local to regional-scale CO contributions associated with production from fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an ensemble of Lagrangian particles driven by high resolution assimilated meteorology. In many cases, the model demonstrates high fidelity simulations of hourly surface data from tall towers and point measurements from aircraft, with somewhat less satisfactory performance in coastal regions and when CO from large biomass fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory influence the continental US. Inversions of STILT-CO simulations for CO and formaldehyde show that current inventories of CO emissions from fossil fuel combustion are significantly too high, by almost a factor of three in summer and a factor two in early spring, consistent with recent analyses of data from the INTEX-A aircraft program. Formaldehyde data help to show that sources of CO from oxidation of CH4 and other VOCs represent the dominant sources of CO over North America in summer.Earth and Planetary Science

Sex and size influence the spatiotemporal distribution of white sharks, with implications for interactions with fisheries and spatial management in the southwest Indian Ocean

The study was made possible through generous funding by Fischer Productions for fieldwork and equipment costs. TP was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the Nelson Mandela University Research Career Development Office (2016-2018) and funding from the South African Research Chairs Initiative awarded to Prof AT Lombard by the National Research Foundation, and by a Royal Society Newton International Fellowship (2018-2020, NF170682).Human activities in the oceans increase the extinction risk of marine megafauna. Interventions require an understanding of movement patterns and the spatiotemporal overlap with threats. We analysed the movement patterns of 33 white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) satellite-tagged in South Africa between 2012 and 2014 to investigate the influence of size, sex and season on movement patterns and the spatial and temporal overlap with longline and gillnet fisheries and marine protected areas (MPAs). We used a hidden Markov model to identify ‘resident’ and ‘transient’ movement states and investigate the effect of covariates on the transition probabilities between states. A model with sex, total length and season had the most support. Tagged sharks were more likely to be in a resident state near the coast and a transient state away from the coast, while the probability of finding a shark in the transient state increased with size. White sharks moved across vast areas of the southwest Indian Ocean, emphasising the need for a regional management plan. White sharks overlapped with longline and gillnet fisheries within 25% of South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone and spent 15% of their time exposed to these fisheries during the study period. The demersal shark longline fishery had the highest relative spatial and temporal overlap, followed by the pelagic longline fishery and the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) shark nets and drumlines. However, the KZN shark nets and drumlines reported the highest white shark catches, emphasising the need to combine shark movement and fishing effort with reliable catch records to assess risks to shark populations accurately. White shark exposure to shark nets and drumlines, by movement state, sex and maturity status, corresponded with the catch composition of the fishery, providing support for a meaningful exposure risk estimate. White sharks spent significantly more time in MPAs than expected by chance, likely due to increased prey abundance or less disturbance, suggesting that MPAs can benefit large, mobile marine megafauna. Conservation of white sharks in Southern Africa can be improved by implementing non-lethal solutions to beach safety, increasing the observer coverage in fisheries, and continued monitoring of movement patterns and existing and emerging threats.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe