Riding an e-scooter at nighttime is more dangerous than at daytime

With rapidly increasing e-scooter usage in the United States [1], a growing number of studies aim to understand the safety aspect of these emerging modes. The existing literature has a limited understanding of time-of-day and seasonal patterns of e-scooter crashes. While many e-scooter safety policies are based on the number of crashes [2, 3], accounting for exposure provides a measure of risk to inform effective preventive strategies [4]. This study focuses on motor-vehicle involved crashes since they constitute the most severe and fatal injuries. We compared daytime and nighttime motor-vehicle involved e-scooter crashes and combined them with micromobility trip data to generate exposure variables and estimate crash risk. The key research question of this paper is as follows: 1. Are crashes or crash rates disproportionately higher at night than in the day? [From: Introduction

Effect of plant growth regulators on flowering behavior of cashew cv. Vengurla-4 grown in the hilly tracts of South Gujarat

A trial was conducted at Subhir and Chikhalda locations in Dang district of South Gujarat, India to assess the effect of Ethrel, NAA and GA3 on the flowering behavior of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4 during 2013-14. Three concentrations each of GA3 (50, 75, 100 ppm), Ethrel (10, 30, 50 ppm) and NAA (50, 75, 100ppm) were applied as foliar sprays 20 days before blossoming and 20 days after full bloom in twenty year old trees of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4. Trees sprayed with 50 ppm Ethrel had significantly the highest number of flowering panicles per squaremeter (13.09), number of perfect flowers per panicle (87.11) and sex ratio (0.24) across locations and in pooled data. However, this was at par with 10 ppm Ethrel which emerged as the second best treatment of the trial. This study demonstrated the potential of Ethrel in improving various flowering parameters of cashew which are important determinations in increasing nut production

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Riding an e-scooter at nighttime is more dangerous than at daytime

With rapidly increasing e-scooter usage in the United States [1], a growing number of studies aim to understand the safety aspect of these emerging modes. The existing literature has a limited understanding of time-of-day and seasonal patterns of e-scooter crashes. While many e-scooter safety policies are based on the number of crashes [2, 3], accounting for exposure provides a measure of risk to inform effective preventive strategies [4]. This study focuses on motor-vehicle involved crashes since they constitute the most severe and fatal injuries. We compared daytime and nighttime motor-vehicle involved e-scooter crashes and combined them with micromobility trip data to generate exposure variables and estimate crash risk. The key research question of this paper is as follows: 1. Are crashes or crash rates disproportionately higher at night than in the day? [From: Introduction

Riding an e-scooter at nighttime is more dangerous than at daytime

With rapidly increasing e-scooter usage in the United States [1], a growing number of studies aim to understand the safety aspect of these emerging modes. The existing literature has a limited understanding of time-of-day and seasonal patterns of e-scooter crashes. While many e-scooter safety policies are based on the number of crashes [2, 3], accounting for exposure provides a measure of risk to inform effective preventive strategies [4]. This study focuses on motor-vehicle involved crashes since they constitute the most severe and fatal injuries. We compared daytime and nighttime motor-vehicle involved e-scooter crashes and combined them with micromobility trip data to generate exposure variables and estimate crash risk. The key research question of this paper is as follows: 1. Are crashes or crash rates disproportionately higher at night than in the day? [From: Introduction

Complement or compete? The effects of shared electric scooters on bus ridership

The rapid onset of shared electric scooters (e-scooters) has raised questions about their effects on other transportation modes, particularly sustainable modes such as transit. Existing literature concerning the impacts of e-scooters on transit ridership showed that e-scooters could both compete or complement transit. However, prior studies did not differentiate by e-scooter trip purpose. This study aims to fill this gap using Nashville, Tennessee, as a case study. The results of modeling more than 1.4 million e-scooter trips suggest that on a typical weekday, utilitarian e-scooter trips are associated with a 0.94% decrease in bus ridership. However, social e-scooter trips are associated with weekday bus ridership increases of 0.86%. The net effect of e-scooters on weekday bus ridership is estimated to be −0.08%, which is nearly zero. These findings can help inform city planners as they integrate micromobility into urban transportation systems

Traumatic brain injury and subsequent brain tumor development: a systematic review of the literature.

The role of prior head trauma in stimulating brain tumor development has been previously described in the literature but continues to be debated. The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review interrogating the contemporary literature to delineate any possible relationship between traumatic brain injury and brain tumor development. A systematic review exploring development of post-TBI brain tumor was conducted by searching electronic databases. Abstracts from articles were read and selected for full-text review according to criteria previously established in the scientific literature. Relevant full-text articles were divided into case reports and single-arm studies and epidemiological studies. Of 1070 resultant articles, 18 case reports and single-arm studies (level of evidence of IV and V) with 45 patients were included. The most common cause of TBI was traffic accidents. The average period between TBI and subsequent tumor diagnosis was 12.8 years. Meningiomas represented the largest share of tumors, followed by gliomas. Most post-TBI brain tumors developed in the frontal and temporal lobes. Fifteen epidemiological studies were also interrogated from a variety of countries (level of evidence of III). Case-control studies were more common than cohort studies. There were 9 of 15 studies proposed a possible relationship between history of head trauma and development of brain tumor. The relationship between head trauma and neoplastic growth continues to be heavily debated. There are certainly case reports and epidemiological studies in the literature that suggest a correlational relationship between the two. However, there is no concrete evidence of a causal relationship between TBI and brain tumors. More research is needed to definitively delineate the extent of any such relationship