Efektivitas Proses Kontinyu Digestasi Anaerobik Dua Tahap Pada Pengolahan Lumpur Biologi Industri Kertas

Penelitian digestasi anaerobik dua tahap pada limbah lumpur biologi industri kertas telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor kontinyu. Tahap pertama yaitu proses asidifikasi dilakukan pada suhu termofilik (55oC), pH5 dengan penambahan protease sebanyak 5 mg/g VS lumpur. sedangkan proses metanogenesis dilakukan sebagai tahap kedua pada suhu mesofilik (suhu kamar, 25 – 28oC) dan pH 7. Variasi percobaan adalah waktu retensi yaitu 4; 3; 2; 1 hari untuk proses asidogenesis, sedangkan variasi waktu retensi untuk prosesmetanogenesis adalah 20, 10, 5, 1 hari. Karakteristik limbah lumpur IPAL biologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar padatan total 4,3 %, bahan organik 52,1 %; kadar abu 47,9%; kadar protein 19,7%, kadar lemak 0,4% dan kadar selulosa 0,23 % yang secara visual sulit mengendap. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa reaktor asidogenik dapat dioperasikan dengan waktu retensi 1 hari pada beban organik 7,2 – 8,2 g. VS lumpur/g. VS mikroba, hari yang dapat menghasilkan peningkatan kadar VFA rata-rata 152 % dengan laju pembentukan VFA rata-rata 12,27 g VFA/kg VS, hari. Sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor metanasi (UASB) terbaik pada waktu retensi 5 hari dapat menurunkan COD terlarut sampai 52,21% dan menghasilkan biogas sampai 15,82 L/hari atau 0,66 – 2,38 L/gr CODf removed dengan kandungan CH4 = 50,4 – 64,1% dan CO2 = 18 –30%. Dari penelitian proses digestasi anaerobik ini dihasilkan produk samping berupa lumpur yang mengandungunsur-unsur hara yang memenuhi syarat untuk dijadikan sebagai kompos

Model Teknokultur Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia melalui Seni (Studi Kasus: Animasi Pangeran Diponegoro dalam Lukisan Raden Saleh dengan Facial Motion Capture Technology)

One potential tool for helping one learn historical thinking and factual knowledge is art. Art can be a powerful tool for engaging people in the process of historical inquiry and for developing their historical thinking. When art is used, one can better understand many perspectives, and also more clearly understand what actually happened in the past. One can gain a wider background knowledge and be more interested in learning history. This study will use digital art as a support tool for history education. Visual construction of Pangeran Diponegoro will be used as a case study. Pangeran Diponegoro in Raden Saleh's painting will be digitized and then animated, and, using motion capture technology, Diponegoro's animation will tell his story to the audience. With this technology, not only historical facts will be delivered, but also the sociocultural aspects during Diponegoro's period will be explained, among other costumes, norms, and habits of the Javanese people. The effectiveness of this experiment will be measured against students in three high schools

Pre and Post Mount Merapi Eruption of Free Air Anomaly in 2010

Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 was one type of eruption with large scale during the last 100 years. Eruptions that was occurred resulting topographic changes in the peak of Mount Merapi, and the possibility of changing the subsurface structure. The research was part of a large study that has been conducted to assess the subsurface changes of pre-and post-eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. The study discussed observations of free air anomalies pre and after the 2010 eruption. There were grouped into three periods. Processing of air anomalies was free to use using the 2nd orde calculation method. The results obtained were the changes in the contours of the FAA Mount Merapi in 1988, 1998, and 2011 as a result of topographic changes that occurred in the peak area and the alleged dynamics of the surface. The dynamics at Mount Merapi in the 1988 to 2011 period occurred in the northwest, southeast, east, and northeast of the study area and southeast of the peak of Mount Merapi

An educational tool for enhanced mobile e-Learning for technical higher education using mobile devices for augmented reality

In all dimensions of education and all subjects, Smartphones have turned out to be broadly acknowledged technology. It plays an essential task in advanced online education systems. Because of smart devices� effortlessness and extension property, it is getting to be mandatory for portable applications. This paper analyses the research on Smart Devices (SD) to incorporate visual simulation into e-learning. The researchers created an Augmented Reality (AR) platform for e-learners to expand the coursebook with graphics and virtual multimedia applications. This paper recommends a Mobile e-Learning (MeL) application termed �MeL app. The advanced MeL app methods have been tested using Mann-Whitney �U� Test in the lecture hall using real-time learners. The proposed MeL app planned to create the learning practice easier, focusing on e-learner�s requirements by encouraging e-learners and instructor relationships to maintain communicative development-based e-learning for Technical Higher Education (THE). Software engineering learners assess this proposed framework in THE. Future work in this investigation incorporates new highlights, testing the device in extreme situations, evaluating the instructive perspectives utilizing more significant and increasingly various understudy and beginner inhabitants, and at last, extending the application space

Evidence for Superfluidity of Ultracold Fermions in an Optical Lattice

The study of superfluid fermion pairs in a periodic potential has important ramifications for understanding superconductivity in crystalline materials. Using cold atomic gases, various condensed matter models can be studied in a highly controllable environment. Weakly repulsive fermions in an optical lattice could undergo d-wave pairing at low temperatures, a possible mechanism for high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates. The lattice potential could also strongly increase the critical temperature for s-wave superfluidity. Recent experimental advances in the bulk include the observation of fermion pair condensates and high-temperature superfluidity. Experiments with fermions and bosonic bound pairs in optical lattices have been reported, but have not yet addressed superfluid behavior. Here we show that when a condensate of fermionic atom pairs was released from an optical lattice, distinct interference peaks appear, implying long range order, a property of a superfluid. Conceptually, this implies that strong s-wave pairing and superfluidity have now been established in a lattice potential, where the transport of atoms occurs by quantum mechanical tunneling and not by simple propagation. These observations were made for unitarity limited interactions on both sides of a Feshbach resonance. For larger lattice depths, the coherence was lost in a reversible manner, possibly due to a superfluid to insulator transition. Such strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice can be used to study a new class of Hamiltonians with interband and atom-molecule couplings.Comment: accepted for publication in Natur

Tsunami scenario triggered by a submarine landslide offshore of northern Sumatra Island and its hazard assessment

Near the northern border of Sumatra, the right-lateral strike–slip Sumatran fault zone splits into two branches and extends into the offshore, as revealed by seismic sounding surveys. However, due to its strike–slip faulting characteristics, the Sumatran fault zone's activity is rarely believed to cause tsunami hazards in this region. According to two reprocessed reflection seismic profiles, the extended Sumatran fault zone is strongly associated with chaotic facies, indicating that large submarine landslides have been triggered. Coastal steep slopes and new subsurface characteristics of submarine landslide deposits were mapped using recently acquired high-resolution shallow bathymetry data. Slope stability analysis revealed some targets with steep morphology to be close to failure. In an extreme hypothetical case, an earthquake of Mw 7 or more occurred, and the strong ground shaking triggered a submarine landslide off the northern shore of Sumatra. Based on a simulation of tsunami wave propagation in shallow water, the results of this study indicate that a potential tsunami hazard from several submarine landslide sources triggered by the strike–slip fault system can generate a tsunami as high as 4–8 m at several locations along the northern coast of Aceh. The landslide tsunami hazard assessment and early warning systems in this study area can be improved on the basis of this proposed scenario.</p

Pemanfaatan Fusi Data Satelit Lapan-a3/ipb dan Landsat 8 untuk Monitoring Lahan Sawah

Increasing of economic development is generally followed by the change of landuse from agriculture to other function. If it occurs in large frequency and amount, it will threaten national food security. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the agricultural land, especially paddy fields regarding to changes in landuse and global climate. Utilization and development of satellite technology is necessary to provide more accurate and independent database for agricultural land monitoring, especially paddy fields. This study aims to develop a utilization model for LAPAN-IPB satellite (LISAT) and other several satellites data that have been used for paddy field monitoring. This research is conducted through 2 stages: 1) Characterization LISAT satellite data to know spectral variation of paddy field, and 2) Development method of LISAT data fusion with other satellites for paddy field mapping. Based on the research results, the characteristics Red and NIR band in LISAT data imagery have a good correlation with Red and NIR band in LANDSAT 8 OLI data imagery, especially to detect paddy field in the vegetative phase, compared to other bands. Observation and measurement of spectral values using spectroradiometer need to be conducted periodically (starting from first planting season) to know the dynamics of the change related to the growth phase of paddy in paddy field. Pre-processing of image data needs to be conducted to obtain better LISAT data characterization results. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop appropriate algorithms or methods for geometric correction as well as atmospheric correction of LISAT data

The ESPRI project: astrometric exoplanet search with PRIMA I. Instrument description and performance of first light observations

The ESPRI project relies on the astrometric capabilities offered by the PRIMA facility of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer for the discovery and study of planetary systems. Our survey consists of obtaining high-precision astrometry for a large sample of stars over several years and to detect their barycentric motions due to orbiting planets. We present the operation principle, the instrument's implementation, and the results of a first series of test observations. A comprehensive overview of the instrument infrastructure is given and the observation strategy for dual-field relative astrometry is presented. The differential delay lines, a key component of the PRIMA facility which was delivered by the ESPRI consortium, are described and their performance within the facility is discussed. Observations of bright visual binaries are used to test the observation procedures and to establish the instrument's astrometric precision and accuracy. The data reduction strategy for astrometry and the necessary corrections to the raw data are presented. Adaptive optics observations with NACO are used as an independent verification of PRIMA astrometric observations. The PRIMA facility was used to carry out tests of astrometric observations. The astrometric performance in terms of precision is limited by the atmospheric turbulence at a level close to the theoretical expectations and a precision of 30 micro-arcseconds was achieved. In contrast, the astrometric accuracy is insufficient for the goals of the ESPRI project and is currently limited by systematic errors that originate in the part of the interferometer beamtrain which is not monitored by the internal metrology system. Our observations led to the definition of corrective actions required to make the facility ready for carrying out the ESPRI search for extrasolar planets.Comment: 32 pages, 39 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Search for giant planets in M67 I. Overview

Precise stellar radial velocities are used to search for massive (Jupiter masses or higher) exoplanets around the stars of the open cluster M67. We aim to obtain a census of massive exoplanets in a cluster of solar metallicity and age in order to study the dependence of planet formation on stellar mass and to compare in detail the chemical composition of stars with and without planets. This first work presents the sample and the observations, discusses the cluster characteristics and the radial velocity (RV) distribution of the stars, and individuates the most likely planetary host candidates. We observed a total of 88 main-sequence stars, subgiants, and giants all highly probable members of M67, using four telescopes and instrument combinations. We investigate whether exoplanets are present by obtaining radial velocities with precisions as good as 10 m/s. To date, we have performed 680 single observations (Dec. 2011) and a preliminary analysis of data, spanning a period of up to eight years. Although the sample was pre-selected to avoid the inclusion of binaries, we identify 11 previously unknown binary candidates. Eleven stars clearly displayed larger RV variability and these are candidates to host long-term substellar companions. The average RV is also independent of the stellar magnitude and evolutionary status, confirming that the difference in gravitational redshift between giants and dwarfs is almost cancelled by the atmospheric motions. We use the subsample of solar-type stars to derive a precise true RV for this cluster. We finally create a catalog of binaries and use it to clean the color magnitude diagram (CMD). As conclusion, by pushing the search for planets to the faintest possible magnitudes, it is possible to observe solar analogues in open clusters, and we propose 11 candidates to host substellar companions.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure

Use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen and risk of endometrial cancer : the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium

Background: Regular use of aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer at several sites but the data for endometrial cancer are conflicting. Evidence regarding use of other analgesics is limited. Patients and methods: We pooled individual-level data from seven cohort and five case-control studies participating in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium including 7120 women with endometrial cancer and 16 069 controls. For overall analyses, study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression and combined using random-effects meta-analysis; for stratified analyses, we used mixed-effects logistic regression with study as a random effect. Results: At least weekly use of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with an approximately 15% reduced risk of endometrial cancer among both overweight and obese women (OR 1/4 0.86 [95% CI 0.760.98] and 0.86 [95% CI 0.76-0.97], respectively, for aspirin; 0.87 [95% CI 0.76-1.00] and 0.84 [0.74-0.96], respectively, for nonaspirin NSAIDs). There was no association among women of normal weight (body mass index<25 kg/ m2, Pheterogeneity 0.04 for aspirin, Pheterogeneity 1/4 0.003 for NSAIDs). Among overweight and obese women, the inverse association with aspirin was stronger for use 2-6 times/ week (OR 1/4 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.96) than for daily use (0.91, 0.80-1.03), possibly because a high proportion of daily users use low-dose formulations. There was no clear association with use of acetaminophen. Conclusion: Our pooled analysis provides further evidence that use of standard-dose aspirin or other NSAIDs may reduce risk of endometrial cancer among overweight and obese women.Peer reviewe