Safety of Administering Live Vaccines During Pregnancy : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pregnancy Outcomes

Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) are currently contraindicated during pregnancy, given uncertain safety records for the mother-infant pair. LAV might, however, play an important role to protect them against serious emerging diseases, such as Ebola and Lassa fever. For this systematic review we searched relevant databases to identify studies published up to November 2019. Controlled observational studies reporting pregnancy outcomes after maternal immunization with LAV were included. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess risk of bias. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were obtained under a random-effects model. Of 2831 studies identified, fifteen fulfilled inclusion criteria. Smallpox, rubella, poliovirus, yellow fever and dengue vaccines were assessed in these studies. No association was found between vaccination and miscarriage (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.10), stillbirth (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.74-1.48), malformations (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.98-1.21), prematurity (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.08) or neonatal death (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.68-1.65) overall. However, increased odds of malformations (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03-1.49) and miscarriage after first trimester immunization (OR 4.82; 95% CI 2.38-9.77) was found for smallpox vaccine. Thus, we did not find evidence of harm related to LAV other than smallpox with regards to pregnancy outcomes, but quality of evidence was very low. Overall risks appear to be small and have to be balanced against potential benefits for the mother-infant pair

Influencia de la rigidez de la matriz extracelular en la migración celular en tres dimensiones

En el presente Trabajo fin de Máster se pretende estudiar uno de los tipos de migración celular conocidos del que todavía no se entiende con certeza qué condiciones deben darse para que se produzca, migración basada en lobopodia. Para la ingeniería de tejidos, así como enfermedades en las que entender los procesos de migración celular tiene un papel fundamental, resulta necesario realizar estudios tanto experimentales como computacionales para avanzar en su conocimiento. Hasta ahora la mayoría de estudios se han realizado en dos dimensiones (2D), sin embargo, con el avanza de la tecnología y la posibilidad de realizar ensayos en tres dimensiones (3D) se ha descubierto un nuevo tipo de migración celular, migración basada en lobopodia. Este tipo de migración sólo aparece en matrices extracelulares 3D, aunque sólo bajo ciertas condiciones que todavía no están claras. En ella, la célula crea una protusión a través de la cual el núcleo comienza a pasar y actúa de pistón, dividiendo la célula en dos partes y aumentando la presión en la parte delantera. Una de las hipótesis existentes sobre cuando aparece este tipo de migración es que depende de las propiedades mecánicas de la matriz extracelular. Según si ésta es elástica lineal o elástica no lineal (además de otros factores químicos) aparecerá el lobopodio y el núcleo comenzará a pasar a través de él. Para intentar dilucidar si las propiedades mecánicas de la matriz tienen influencia o no en la elección del tipo de migración, se ha desarrollado un modelo de elementos finitos partiendo de un ensayo realizado en el laboratorio del M2BE, en el cual una célula de fibroblasto migra usando lobopodia, para simular distintas matrices con diferentes propiedades mecánicas (rigidez, compresibilidad, elástica lineal o dependiente de la deformación)

Delirium en cuidados paliativos oncológicos: revisión

We review some aspects related with the physiopathology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of delirium, centred in patients with advanced and terminal cancer. It is offered a comprehensive and practical overview of this clinical situation frequently under diagnosticated, specially in the case of patients with far-advanced cancer, in whom it is specially frequent and reversible quite often out the last days of life. We emphasize an interdisplinary approach including family as key in diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacological treatment is up dated and some future line of work are mentioned

El aprendizaje organizacional en el mejoramiento del desempeño institucional de la Universidad de Ciencias Pedagógicas Enrique José Varona

Cuando la complejidad y movilidad del entorno son altas, las demandas sociales como punto de partida importante para la labor educativa en las condiciones actuales, son claves en el perfeccionamiento de la Educación Superior Cubana. De hecho, buscar a lo interno de la universidad herramientas que realmente faciliten a las instituciones emplear, de manera creadora, el aprendizaje en función de mejorar el desempeño institucional y que, a su vez, tenga coherencia con la gestión de los procesos universitarios, determinó el siguiente problema a resolver: ¿Cómo lograr mayores niveles de desarrollo en el aprendizaje organizacional en la Universidad de Ciencias Pedagógicas Enrique José Varona?  De ahí que se propuso, como objetivo argumentar un conjunto de acciones que posibilitaron el mejoramiento del aprendizaje organizacional, desde la concepción de dirección estratégica en la Universidad de Ciencias Pedagógicas Enrique José Varona. Resultados parciales del proyecto no asociados a programa: La Dirección Estratégica en el Perfeccionamiento del aprendizaje organizacional de las instituciones educativas. En tal sentido se trabajó, a partir del entramado de relaciones con investigadores de diferentes áreas de la universidad, y otras universidades, además de la experiencia de los autores en la actividad de dirección como asesores.  Presentándose los principales resultados que imbrican la dirección estratégica y el desarrollo organizacional en el manejo efectivo de nuevos conocimientos científicos, los cuales se deben convertir, en resultados aplicables a la práctica social. Contribuyendo así al mejoramiento del desempeño institucional Palabras clave: Dirección estratégica, aprendizaje organizacional, gestión del conocimiento y desempeño instituciona

Two-phase heat transfer model of a beam-down gas-solid fluidized bed solar particle receiver

Beam-down concentrating solar power for thermochemical and energy absorption applications stands as an attractive approach that can enhance the renewable energies deployment. This work explores the integration of beam-down optics with fluidized bed technology proposing a model to calculate both gas and bed temperatures. The beam-down system concentrates the energy from the solar field into a fluidized bed receiver. A novel phenomenological model is proposed to adapt the well-known two-phase theory to the heat transfer process of a bed operating in the bubbling regime while it is directly irradiated from the top. In this way, this simple model can be used as a design tool for beam-down fluidized bed receivers. The top bed surface is considered as an opaque diffuse layer formed by gray particles. A single layer model is applied to estimate the effective emissivity between the heterogeneous bed surface and the ambient conditions in the freeboard. The vertical temperature profile is obtained considering particle phase heat conduction, particle to gas heat convection, solid convection, bubble convection and radiation heat transfer mechanisms. The model is validated using silicon carbide and zirconia fluidized bed experiments reported in the literature. The model shows that the solid convection is the dominant heat transfer mechanism for a beam-down fluidized bed receiver. Further results explore the influence of the operating conditions on the fluidized bed receiver for a bed of silicon carbide particles, showing that energy concentration fluxes of 35 . 10(4) W/m(2) can reach bed temperatures of 1000 degrees C when operating at a gas velocities of 3.U-mf

Redefining Education in Sports Sciences: A Theoretical Study for Integrating Competency-Based Learning for Sustainable Employment in Spain

In the Spanish context, Sports Sciences education is evolving to emphasize competency-based learning, crucial for adapting to the dynamic global landscape and labor market. This opinion article highlights the shift towards integrating generic and specific competencies, essential for automation and artificial intelligence, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8’s focus on sustainable economic growth and employment. Despite the recognized importance of these competencies for economic sustainability and job readiness, the literature on this framework, particularly within the context of physical activity and Sports Sciences in Spain, remains underexplored. This paper is structured to first address the current state of the problem, followed by a conceptualization of competencies, including types of competencies. It then analyzes professional competencies within the realm of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences in Spain, moving towards the implementation and evaluation of these competencies in the classroom setting. By bridging the gap between educational outcomes and market demands, this work calls for ongoing research and pedagogical innovation to equip future professionals with the necessary skills for success. This approach not only prepares students for the future labor market but also contributes to the broader economic and sustainable development goals envisioned by SDG 8

Towards the development of future sustainable sports entrepreneurs: An asymmetric approach of the sports sciences sustainable entrepreneurial intentions

Contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda is vital for ensuring the future of our society. The sports sector presents opportunities through entrepreneurship to contribute to them. However, little is known about how Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (PASS) students through university education could develop a sustainable mindset to be an entrepreneur. This research analyzes the conditions that generate high and low levels of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions in PASS students. The sample comprises 374 PASS students, with a mean age of 20.80 years (SD = 3.19). A structured questionnaire was administered. The results indicate that it is essential that PASS students perceive themselves as capable of creating and managing a sustainable business efficiently (condition present in all solutions). In addition, they should possess high levels of social and civic values (most explanatory solution: 47% of cases). Besides, is important that they have a positive attitude towards sustainable entrepreneurship and they feel supported by their immediate environment (second most explanatory solution: 36% of cases). Finally, some practical implications for encouraging sustainable entrepreneurial intentions of PASS students are presented.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Symmetric Multiqudit States: Stars, Entanglement, Rotosensors

A constellation of $N=d-1$ Majorana stars represents an arbitrary pure quantum state of dimension $d$ or a permutation-symmetric state of a system consisting of $n$ qubits. We generalize the latter construction to represent in a similar way an arbitrary symmetric pure state of $k$ subsystems with $d$ levels each. For $d\geq 3$, such states are equivalent, as far as rotations are concerned, to a collection of various spin states, with definite relative complex weights. Following Majorana's lead, we introduce a multiconstellation, consisting of the Majorana constellations of the above spin states, augmented by an auxiliary, "spectator" constellation, encoding the complex weights. Examples of stellar representations of symmetric states of four qutrits, and two spin-$3/2$ systems, are presented. We revisit the Hermite and Murnaghan isomorphisms, which relate multipartite states of various spins, number of parties, and even symmetries. We show how the tools introduced can be used to analyze multipartite entanglement and to identify optimal quantum rotosensors, i.e., pure states which are maximally sensitive to rotations around a specified axis, or averaged over all axes

Proposal for a preventive protocol for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse reaction experienced by some patients exposed to certain drugs (antiresorptives such as bisphosphonates or denosumab, and antiangiogenic drugs). From a review of the literature it appears that there is no uniform criterion when selecting preventive measures; these vary according to author. Likewise, the measures recommended are usually general, so that in few cases they result in specific actions to be applied depending on the different variables involved such as the type of drug used, the duration of its application, the underlying pathology, the presence or absence of risk factors, etc. The aim of this study has been to design a preventive protocol which can be easily applied in any clinic or by any dental care service. We undertook an exhaustive literature review to find any articles related to the topic of study, namely, preventive measures for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, on the one hand generically and on the other focusing on dental implant treatment. The most part the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. From 3946 items, we selected a total of 21 items. From the analysis of the selected articles, several protocols have been developed that are easy to apply in a dental clinic.: Protocol 1. Before starting treatment with antiresorptives (Patients who are going to be treated for osteoporosis / Patients who are going to be treated for cancer). Protocol 2. Once treatment is initiated with antiresorptives (Patients being treated for osteoporosis / Patients being treated for cancer). The application of these protocols requires an interdisciplinary team which can handle the various treatments and apply the measures contained in them. Along with a team of well-educated and trained dentists, it is equally important to maintain contact with the medical team involved in the treatment of the underlying pathology, especially rheumatologists, oncologists, internists and gynaecologists. All the above requires a great staff learning and organization effort, continuous training and coordination of the whole team involved in the preventive management of these patients

Aplicación de compuestos GRAS para el control de la pudrición blanda en frutos de Jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) causado por Rhizopus stolonifer

Jackfruit is affected by various pathogens in the post-harvest stage, among which is Rhizopus stolonifer, the causal agent of soft rot. To control this pathogen, fungicides are used which damage the environment and affect human health. This situation encourages the search for safe alternatives, among which is chitosan, which has fungicidal characteristics and controls the ripening of various fruits. Also, potassium sorbate is a compound that has traditionally been used to preserve food. In this study, chitosan (Chi) and potassium sorbate (PS) was applied to inhibit the development of R. stolonifer. Determining the mycelial growth, spore germination, sporulation, the severity of the disease, as well as the activity of enzymes involved in the defense of the fruit such as peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). Obtaining a 100% reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination with the 1% Chi-1.0% PS combination. Furthermore, soft rot is not evident when the same treatment was applied to jackfruit, inducing the activity of POD and PPO. The application of chitosan combined with potassium sorbate may be a promising alternative against soft rot in jackfruit.El fruto de yaca es afectado por diversos patógenos en la etapa de postcosecha entre los que se encuentra el hongo Rhizopus stolonifer agente causal de la pudrición blanda. Para el control de este patógeno se utilizan fungicidas que dañan el medio ambiente y afectan la salud humana. Esta situación llevaa buscar alternativas seguras entre las que se encuentra el quitosano, con características fungicidas y control dela maduración en diversos frutos. Asimismo, el sorbato de potasio es un compuesto que se ha utilizado tradicionalmente para conservar alimentos. En este estudio se aplicó quitosano (Chi, por sus siglas en inglés) y sorbato de potasio (PS, por sus siglas en inglés) para inhibir el desarrollo de R. stolonifer. Se determinó el crecimiento micelial, germinación de esporas, esporulación, severidad de la enfermedad, así como la actividad de las enzimas involucradas en la defensa del fruto como la peroxidasa (POD) y la polifenoloxidasa (PPO). El resultado es una reducción al 100% del crecimiento micelial y la germinación de esporas con la combinación 1% Chi-1.0%PS, tampoco se manifestó unapudrición blanda cuando se aplicó el mismo tratamiento en la yaca, con la inducción en la actividad de POD y PPO. La aplicación de quitosano combinado con sorbato de potasio puede ser una alternativa prometedora contra la pudrición blanda en frutos de yaca