Suelos y morfología en el parque natural de los montes de Málaga

[Resumen] Los suelos observados y analizados en el Parque Natural de los "Montes de Málaga", a escala 1:10.000, presentan estrecha dependencia con la morfología, tanto directamente (laderas, cumbres, rellanos, terrazas, ...) como indirectamente a través de las modificaciones que intoduce en las condiciones bioclimáticas.[Abstract] The observed and analyzed soils in the Natural Park of the "Montes de Málaga" scale 1:10.000. depend closely on the morphology, both directIy (slopes, summits, fluvial terraces, rocky terraces) and indirectly through the modifications introduced in the bioclimatic conditions

Regeneración edáfica y control erosivo en un espacio reforestado: el parque natural de los montes de Málaga

[Resumen] En esta comunicación se pone de manifiesto, a través del análisis de 16 perfiles de suelos, la regeneración edáfica que se ha producido en el Parque Natural de lo Montes de Málaga como consecuencia del abandono de las prácticas de cultivo y de la reforestación. Ambos procesos han permitido reducir considerablemente las tasas de erosión por escorrentía superficial.[AbstractThis communication emphasized that through the analysis of 16 soil profiles, the edafic regeneration wich has taken place in the Parque Natural de los Montes de Málaga as resusult of both the abandoning the cultivation practices and the reforestation. Both processes have allowed to reduce levels of erosion by overland flow

Surveying topographical changes and climate variations to detect the urban heat island in the city of Málaga (Spain)

Acknowledgements We would like to thank REDIAM (Junta de Andalucía) the availability of climatic dataPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin

Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.Spanish Government (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO) and FEDER Projects: CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R, ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R, CGL2016-78075-P, GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857, RECARE-FP7, CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. Dhais Peña-Angulo received a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral contract (FJCI-2017-33652 Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Ana Lucia acknowledge the "Brigitte-Schlieben-Lange-Programm". The “Geoenvironmental Processes and Global Change” (E02_17R) was financed by the Aragón Government and the European Social Fund. José Andrés López-Tarazón acknowledges the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUS- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group). Artemi Cerdà thank the funding of the OCDE TAD/CRP JA00088807. José Martínez-Fernandez acknowledges the project Unidad de Excelencia CLU-2018-04 co-funded by FEDER and Castilla y León Government. Ane Zabaleta is supported by the Hydro-Environmental Processes consolidated research group (IT1029-16, Basque Government). This paper has the benefit of the Lab and Field Data Pool created within the framework of the COST action CONNECTEUR (ES1306)

Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin

Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations

Wildfires in Andalusia, Spain: from exploratory research to explanatory models

Número especial: Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre los suelos - Special issue: Wildfire effects on soils.-- Los trabajos publicados en este número especial han sido seleccionados de entre los presentados durante la VI Reunión Internacional de FUEGORED (FUEGORED2015), celebrada los días 18 a 21 de noviembre de 2015 en Málaga (España) - Papers published in this special issue have been selected from those presented at the VI International Meeting of FUEGORED (FUEGORED2015), held from 18 to 21 Novembre 2015 in Málaga (Spain).[ES] En la presente comunicación exponemos una investigación exploratoria donde analizamos la superficie calcinada por los incendios forestales ocurridos desde 1975 a 2013 en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en relación con las variables explicativas y las características territoriales. Comenzamos, elaborando una base de datos espacial donde registramos la superficie quemada anualmente en el conjunto de la región. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura científica buscando los principales factores explicativos que intervienen en la distribución de los incendios forestales. Seleccionamos un conjunto de variables ambientales codificadas como coberturas cartográficas. Abordamos un análisis mediante tabulación cruzada relacionando la superficie quemada y las características territoriales, socioeconómicas y medioambientales. Finalmente, comparamos dos modelos causales para predecir la ocurrencia de incendios en el territorio andaluz: Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (OLS) y Regresión Geográficamente Ponderada (GWR). Los resultados muestran que la mayor parte de los incendios incontrolados se produjeron en áreas forestales con matorral esclerófilo y formaciones boscosas de transición, zonas de baja-media montaña y pendientes moderadas-altas. Las provincias con la mayor superficie calcinada, tanto en distribución como en frecuencia, fueron[EN] In this communication, we present an exploratory research analysing the characteristics of the areas burnt by wildfires in Andalusia from 1975 to 2013, in relation to different explanatory variables. Firstly, we developed a spatial database by recording the burnt areas in the whole region on an annual basis. Secondly, based on previous studies, we identified the main factors potentially involved in the distribution of forest fires. To do this, we selected a set of environmental variables that were coded as cartographic layers. Then, we performed a cross-tabulation analysis by relating the burnt areas to the environmental and territorial factors. Finally, we compared the ability of two different model-fitting approaches for predicting wildfire occurrence: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The results showed that most of wildfires in Andalusia occurred in shrublands and forests transitions, in low and middle mountain areas, and in areas with moderate to high slope. The provinces with the largest average burnt areas were Huelva and Malaga, which were also the provinces with the highest frequency of burnt areas. Regarding the model performance, GWR greatly improved model fit compared to OLS.Peer reviewe

Estimación de la superficie freática en zonas de ecotono del Parque Nacional de Doñana mediante datos piezométricos, covariables topográficas y métodos geoestadísticos

Comunicación presentada en el XXIV Congreso de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, celebrado en Zaragoza (18-21 de octubre).-- Editores: Juan de la Riva; Paloma Ibarra; Raquel Montorio; Marcos Rodrigues.Entre las marismas y las arenas estabilizadas se concentran las áreas con mayor biodiversidad del Parque Nacional de Doñana, un ecotono donde el nivel freático se mantiene próximo a superficie y condiciona la existencia de comunidades vegetales propias de ambientes mediterráneos húmedos. La red piezométrica del parque se halla desigualmente distribuida y resulta insuficiente para caracterizar espacialmente la heterogeneidad espacial del nivel freático, especialmente en zonas alejadas de los piezómetros. En esta comunicación, comparamos interpoladores y procedimientos geoestadísticos para estimar la superficie freática mediante la combinación de datos piezométricos y covariables topográficas. Los resultados muestran que las covariables, cuando están correlacionadas con las variables primarias y mejor muestreadas que estas, permiten mejorar el detalle y reducir el error de las predicciones. En estos casos, recomendamos métodos geoestadísticos sobre interpoladores y, específicamente, Co-Kriging sobre Kriging.Peer reviewe

Predicción de la distribución potencial del alcornoque en montes de Málaga mediante modelos de nicho biológico a partir de registros de presencia y variables ambientales in situ y ex situ

XVII Congreso Nacional de Tecnologías de Información Geográfica, Málaga, 29, 30 de junio y 1 de julio 2016.[ES] Los modelos de nicho ecológico analizan el hábitat de una especie a partir de las inferencias estadísticas sobre los registros de presencia (y ausencia) y las variables ambientales explicativas. En el presente trabajo, nuestro objetivo principal ha sido estimar la distribución potencial del alcornoque en los Montes de Málaga, donde las poblaciones de la especie se encuentran históricamente muy mermadas. Para ello, hemos utilizado una doble estrategia para desarrollar un mapa de distribución potencial del alcornoque en el conjunto de Andalucía y, particularmente, en los Montes de Málaga, utilizando registros de presencia y variables ambientales de toda la región, y registros de presencia y variables ambientales exclusivamente del entorno de los Montes de Málaga, comparando los resultados de las predicciones. Los resultados mostraron una distribución potencial del alcornoque mucho mayor que la distribución actual, principalmente en el área de los Montes de Málaga. Las precipitaciones y la litología fueron las variables con mayor importancia en la distribución de la especie, y la evapotranspiración potencial en la distribución de las poblaciones locales. Los mapas de distribución generados suponen una efectiva herramienta para el estudio de la distribución de la flora en el marco de una gestión integrada del territorio.[EN] Environmental niche models analyze the habitat of species by using statistical inferences from records of presence (and absence) and explanatory environmental variables. In this work, our main objective has been to predict the potential distribution area of cork oak in Montes de Malaga (South of Spain), where populations of this species were historically deforested by human activities. To do this, we used a dual strategy to mapping the potential distribution area of cork oak in Andalusia and, mainly, in Montes de Málaga; We used only-presence records and environmental variables of Andalusia and only-presence records and environmental variables of Montes de Malaga, and finally we compared the results of our predictions. The results showed that our models predicted a potential area distribution of cork oak greater than the current distribution, mainly in Montes de Malaga. The rainfall and the lithology were the most important factors in the distribution of Quercus suber at regional scale, and potential evapotranspiration in the distribution of local populations. The distribution maps generated are an effective tool for the study of the distribution of flora and environmental management.N

An exploratory approach to the wildfires in Andalusia, Spain (1975-2013)

Póster presentado en la Reunión Internacional Fuegored 2015, celebrada en Málaga (18-21 de noviembre).Wildfires are one of the most important problems that the planning and management of forest areas in Andalusia face. Although the number of fires and total burnt area experience significant fluctuations from year to year, there is a spatial pattern resulting from the interaction between anthropogenic and environmental factors which determines the existence of more vulnerable areas. In this communication, we present an exploratory study in which we analysed the characteristics of areas that been burnt by wildfires in Andalusia from 1975 to 2013 in relation to different explanatory variables. This study is part of a larger project which aims to model the general explanatory mechanisms underlying the distribution of burnt areas in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. To do this, we developed a spatial database which annually recorded the burnt areas in the whole region. Based on previous studies, we identified the main factors potentially involved in the distribution of forest fires. We selected a set of environmental variables that we coded as cartographic covers. Finally, we performed a cross-tabulation analysis by relating the burnt areas to environmental and territorial factors. The results show that most wildfires in Andalusia occurred in shrublands, in low and middle mountain areas, and in areas with moderate to high slope. The provinces with the largest average burnt areas were Huelva and Malaga, which were also the provinces with the highest frequency of burnt areas.Peer reviewe

Prediction of water table in areas of ecotone in Doñana National Park with piezometric data, topographical covariates and geostatistical methods

Póster presentado en el XXIV Congreso de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, celebrado en Zaragoza del 18 al 21 de octubre de 2015.Between marshes and stabilised sands, there are the most biodiverse areas of Doñana National Park, an ecotone where the water table is relatively close to the surface and causes the existence of important plant communities that are concentrated in the wetter areas. In the study area, the phreatic groundwater piezometers are irregularly distributed and it is inadequate to characterise different microenvironments spatially, mainly in areas of ecotone and faraway, where there are not piezometers installed near. In this paper, we compare interpolators and geostatistical methods for estimating the water table with piezometric data and topographic covariates. The results show that the covariates, when they are well correlated and better sampled than primary variables, can improve precision and reduce errors of prediction. In this cases, we recommend Co-Kriging over Kriging and IDW.Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a una Beca Jae-Predoc (CSIC), cuyo beneficiario es Oliver Gutiérrez Hernández. Los trabajos han contado con la financiación de los proyectos DECALDO (OAPN, 091/2009) y BIOGEOBIRD (P09-RMN-4987).Peer reviewe