Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor

This paper explains steps to generate switching pulse using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor for DC-DC boost converter. The switching pulse generated using Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with Xilinx-ISE. VHDL is a programming language, which is used to model and design any complex circuits in a dynamic environment. This paper gives the course of action for generation of switching pulses for dc-dc boost converter using Xilinx-ISE and matlab simulink. The switching pulse generated using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA-Spartan 6 processor compared with switching pulse generated using matlab

Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India for Biofuel Potential

Observation on the productivity parameters in relation to micro algal biodiversity helps to know the population in particular season and spatial. The study investigates in detail the seasonal and spatial variation of microalgae with special emphasis on their interrelationship of chlorophyll concentration. In order to obtain the information on distribution and abundance of Visakhapatnam Coast microalgae for isolation, fortnightly intervals samplings was carried out. Investigation has been made on the microalgae with special reference to the phylum Ochrophyta, Dinophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenozoa, Haptophyta and Cyanophyta. Abundance of species under different season of pattern was Pre-monsoon>Post monsoon>Monsoon. The data evaluated from this study was used to prepare the checklist for marine microalgal diversity of Visakhapatnam offshore region

Control system of automatic garage using programmable logic controller

In today’s populated world, urban land availability has become scarce and manual involvement of humans for a proper task makes a work less efficient and less accurate. The garage is one of the workstations which needs to be modernized for enhanced land utilization, energy saving approach and systematic functioning. This goal can only be achieved through the automation of parking systems. We have proposed an automated control system for garage using siemens PLC (programmable logic control)-1200 to control the vehicles. The number plate of the car is recorded through the RFID reader and the parking slot for that particular vehicle is allotted automatically based on the available vacancy. Along with this the parking area is fitted with fire alarm, which will raise if any smoke or fire happens in the location. The total parking cost of each vehicle can be calculated based on the number of hours it has been parked. And the information will be displayed in the SCADA screen. Additionally, instead of the full lightening of the complete place, lightening will be provided only in the direction of movement of the car, preventing wastage of energy

A Sub-Region Based Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Dual 2-Level Inverter System

This paper deals the implementation of 3-level output voltage using dual 2-level inverter with control of sub-region based Space Vector Modulation (SR-SVM). Switching loss and voltage stress are the most important issues in multilevel inverters, for keep away from these problems dual inverter system executed. Using this proposed system, the conventional 3-level inverter voltage vectors and switching vectors can be located. In neutral point clamped multilevel inverter, it carries more load current fluctuations due to the DC link capacitors and it requires large capacitors. Based on the sub-region SVM used to control IGBT switches placed in the dual inverter system. The proposed system improves the output voltage with reduced harmonic content with improved dc voltage utilisation. The simulation and hardware results are verified using matlab/simulink and dsPIC microcontroller

Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulation

This paper illustrates the simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Variable AC output voltage engendered using matrix converter with bidirectional power switches controlled by appropriate switching pulse. The conventional PWM converter engenders switching common mode voltage across the load system terminals, which cause to common mode current and its leads to bearing failure in load drive. These problems can be rectified using SVM and which minimize the effect on the harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage and stress on the power switch is reduced using bidirectional switch for proposed 3-phase matrix converter. The simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed system using matlab / simulink

Simulation of Single Phase 3-level Z-source NPC Inverter with PV System

This paper elucidates simulation of single phase 3-level z-source neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter with PV system. single phase NPC inverter employed due to its advantages like less voltage stress, reduced harmonic content, minimsed CMV and voltage stress is low. Z-source network is engaged to boost input voltage getting from the photovoltaic system, which is manoeuvre in shoot through and non-shoot through conditions. This proposed scheme utilized to enhance the output voltage, minimise THD and the leakage current can be avoided with help of split inductor connected with output of inverter system. sinusiodal pulse width modulation (SPWM) used as control technique for the proposed 3-level z-source NPC inverter. The simulation results of this scheme has been verified using matlab/simulink

Unmanned and autonomous ground vehicle

Unmanned and Autonomous Ground Vehicle (UAGV) is a smart vehicle that capable of doing tasks without the need of human operator. The automated vehicle can work during off and on road navigation and also used in military operation such as detecting bombs, border patrol, carrying cargos, search, rescue etc reducing soldier’s exposure to danger, freeing them to perform other duties. This type of vehicle mainly uses sensors to observe the environment and automatically take decisions on its own in unpredictable situation and with unknown information or pass this information to the operator who control the UAGV through various communication when it requires support. This UAGV can send visual feedbacks to the operator at the ground station. An onboard sensor gives the complete environment of the vehicle as signals to the operator

Synthesis of boron doped C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite: An enhanced visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue

In this paper, we report the synthesis of boron doped C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite and its application as a visible-light photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Boron-doped C3N4 (BCN) was prepared by simple thermal condensation of dicyandiamide with boric acid, and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the simple sol-gel method. The as-synthesized nanocomposite materials were characterized and confirmed by the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of BCN/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite was evaluated towards the degradation of MB in the presence of visible light irradiation. The obtained results confirmed that BCN/NiFe2O4 composite has higher degradation efficiency (98%) than that of BCN and NiFe2O4

Novel electrochemical synthesis of cellulose microfiber entrapped reduced graphene oxide: A sensitive electrochemical assay for detection of fenitrothion organophosphorus pesticide

Over the past decades, the synthesis of carbohydrate polymers incorporated graphene or reduced graphene oxide has received greater attention in different disciplines owing to their unique physicochemical properties. In this context, we report a facile electrochemical synthesis of cellulose microfibers supported reduced graphene oxide and its application towards enhanced and lower potential electrochemical detection of fenitrothion. The synthesized cellulose microfibers supported reduced graphene oxide composite was further characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that cellulose microfibers supported reduced graphene oxide composite modified screen-printed carbon electrode exhibits a superior electro-reduction ability and lower reduction potential towards fenitrothion compared to screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with graphene oxide, graphene oxide-cellulose microfibers, and reduced graphene oxide. Furthermore, cellulose microfibers supported reduced graphene oxide composite modified electrode showed 141 mV lower reduction potential towards fenitrothion than the chemically reduced graphene oxide- cellulose microfibers composite modified screen-printed carbon electrode. The effect of accumulation time, catalyst loading, scan rate and pH for the detection of fenitrothion has been studied and discussed. Differential pulse voltammetric studies show that the fabricated composite electrode can detect the fenitrothion in a wider linear response range up to 1.134 mM with a detection limit of 8 nM. To validate the proof of concept, the fabricated sensor was successfully applied for the detection of fenitrothion in different water samples

Facile synthesis of cellulose microfibers supported palladium nanospindles on graphene oxide for selective detection of dopamine in pharmaceutical and biological samples

The cost-effective synthesis of novel functional nanomaterials has received significant attention in the physical and chemical sciences due to their improved surface area, high catalytic activity along with unique morphological features. This paper reports a facile and eco-friendly synthesis of spindle-like palladium nanostructures (PdSPs) on graphene oxide-cellulose microfiber (GO-CMF) composite for the first time. The GO-CMF/PdSPs composite was synthesized by an electrochemical method without the use of additional surfactants and capping agents. The synthesized materials were characterized and confirmed by using transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. As-synthesized GO-CMF/PdSPs composite modified electrode was used as a selective electrocatalyst for the oxidation of dopamine (DA). The electrochemical redox behaviors of DA were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV results revealed that the GO-CMF/PdSPs composite modified electrode has 10 folds enhanced oxidation current response to DA than GO, PdSPs and GO-CMF modified GCEs. Under optimized conditions, the GO-CMF/PdSPs composite sensor exhibits a linear response to DA in the concentration range from 0.3 to 196.3 μM with the lower detection limit of 23 nM. The nanocomposite electrode also shows promising features towards the reliable and selective detection of DA, which includes high stability, reproducibility and high selectivity towards the commonly interfering species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dihydroxybenzene isomers. The sensor was successfully tested for the real-time detection of DA in the commercial DA injections and human serum samples