69 research outputs found

    Cobalt boride modified with N-doped carbon nanotubes as a high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst

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    The development of reversible oxygen electrodes, able to drive both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), is still a great challenge. We describe a very efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalytic system for reversible oxygen electrodes obtained by direct CVD growth of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) on the surface of cobalt boride (CoB) nanoparticles. A detailed investigation of the crystalline structure and elemental distribution of CoB before and after NCNT growth reveals that the NCNTs grow on small CoB nanoparticles formed in the CVD process. The resultant CoB/NCNT system exhibited outstanding activity in catalyzing both the OER and the ORR in 0.1 M KOH with an overvoltage difference of only 0.73 V between the ORR at -1 mA cm⁻ÂČ and the OER at +10 mA cm⁻ÂČ. The proposed CoB/NCNT catalyst showed stable performance during 50 h of OER stability assessment in 0.1 M KOH. Moreover, CoB/NCNT spray-coated on a gas diffusion layer as an air-breathing electrode proved its high durability during 170 galvanostatic charge-discharge (OER/ORR) test cycles (around 30 h) at ±10 mA cm⁻ÂČ in 6 M KOH, making it an excellent bifunctional catalyst for potential Zn-air battery application

    Reactive Uptake of Sulfur Dioxide and Ozone on Volcanic Glass and Ash at Ambient Temperature

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    The atmospheric impacts of volcanic ash from explosive eruptions are rarely considered alongside those of volcanogenic gases/aerosols. While airborne particles provide solid surfaces for chemical reactions with trace gases in the atmosphere, the reactivity of airborne ash has seldom been investigated. Here we determine the total uptake capacity (NiM) and initial uptake coefficient (γM) for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) on a compositional array of volcanic ash and glass powders at ~25°C in a Knudsen flow reactor. The measured ranges of NiSO2 and γSO2 (1011–1013 molecules cm−2 and 10−3–10−2) and NiO3 and γO3 (1012–1013 molecules cm−2 and 10−3–10−2) are comparable to values reported for mineral dust. Differences in ash and glass reactivity toward SO2 and O3 may relate to varying abundances of, respectively, basic and reducing sites on these materials. The typically lower SO2 and O3 uptake on ash compared to glass likely results from prior exposure of ash surfaces to acidic and oxidizing conditions within the volcanic eruption plume/cloud. While sequential uptake experiments overall suggest that these gases do not compete for reactive surface sites, SO2 uptake forming adsorbed S(IV) species may enhance the capacity for subsequent O3 uptake via redox reaction forming adsorbed S(VI) species. Our findings imply that ash emissions may represent a hitherto neglected sink for atmospheric SO2 and O3

    Development and vectorization of CAL PDZ inhibiting peptides for the treatment of cystic fibrosis

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    La mucoviscidose est une maladie gĂ©nĂ©tique lĂ©tale induite par des mutations du canal ionique CFTR, provoquant une perte de sa fonctionnalitĂ© au niveau des tissus Ă©pithĂ©liaux de divers organes. Le poumon est particuliĂšrement touchĂ© et devient sujet Ă  des infections bactĂ©riennes chroniques. Dans le but de traiter la maladie, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© des « stabilisateurs » de la protĂ©ine CFTR : il s’agit de peptides inhibant l’interaction de la protĂ©ine CFTR avec le mĂ©diateur-clĂ© de sa demi-vie Ă  la membrane apicale des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales, la protĂ©ine CAL. En particulier, le peptide iCAL36 a dĂ©montrĂ© une hausse de fonctionnalitĂ© de la protĂ©ine CFTR mutĂ©e. Le but de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de renforcer cet effet biologique en amĂ©liorant ses caractĂ©ristiques pharmacologiques : pĂ©nĂ©tration cellulaire (vectorisation), stabilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique et affinitĂ© pour la protĂ©ine CAL.Le premier axe d’optimisation a Ă©tĂ© l’internalisation du peptide iCAL36 par 7 diffĂ©rents peptides vecteurs (CPP). Les conjuguĂ©s correspondants ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s suivant leur cytotoxicitĂ©, leur efficacitĂ© d’internalisation et leur capacitĂ© Ă  maintenir cette efficacitĂ© en prĂ©sence de sĂ©rum. Le mĂ©canisme d’entrĂ©e des deux meilleurs conjuguĂ©s a ensuite Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. Divers biais couramment rencontrĂ©s lors de l’analyse de l’efficacitĂ© d’internalisation de peptides vecteurs par des mĂ©thodes de fluorescence ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et expliquĂ©s. La sĂ©quence du peptide iCAL36 a ensuite Ă©tĂ© modulĂ©e par inclusion d’acides aminĂ©s non-naturels. Le criblage des interactions peptide/protĂ©ine a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© par une procĂ©dure optimisĂ©e dans le cadre de cette thĂšse (mĂ©thode PIPEPLUS) et a permis d’identifier 32 analogues prometteurs de la sĂ©quence d’iCAL36 incluant diffĂ©rentes substitutions. En particulier, une des sĂ©quences identifiĂ©es (iCAL-Q27) a dĂ©montrĂ© une affinitĂ© 70 fois supĂ©rieure Ă  celle du peptide iCAL36 pour la protĂ©ine CAL, indiquant une inhibition plus complĂšte de l’interaction CAL/CFTR.Ces rĂ©sultats majeurs permettent dans leur ensemble de dĂ©velopper des « stabilisateurs » peptidiques de seconde gĂ©nĂ©ration pouvant avoir un effet biologique accru dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose.Cystic fibrosis is a lethal disease induced by genetic mutations of the CFTR chloride channel, leading to a loss of its function in the epithelial tissues of various organs. The lung is particularly affected and becomes a target for chronical bacterial infections. To cure the disease, we developed so-called CFTR “stabilizers”, which are peptides inhibiting the interaction between the CFTR protein and the key mediator of its half-life at the apical membrane of epithelial cells, the CAL protein. In particular, the iCAL36 peptide showed an increase of the functionality of the mutated CFTR protein. The aim of this thesis was to increase this biological effect by improving its pharmacological parameters: cellular internalization (vectorization), metabolic stability and affinity for the CAL protein.The first axis of optimization was the internalization of the iCAL36 peptide by 7 different cell-penetrating peptides (CPP). The corresponding conjugates were evaluated upon their cytotoxicity, their uptake efficiency and their capacity to maintain this efficiency in the presence of proteases. The mechanism of entry of the two best candidates was then studied. Various bias frequently encountered during the analysis of CPP uptake efficiency by fluorescence methods were also identified and explained. Afterwards, the iCAL36 sequence was modulated by inclusion of non-natural amino acids. The screening of the peptide/protein interactions was performed by a method optimized during this thesis (PIPEPLUS process) and allowed the identification of 32 promising analogues of the iCAL36 sequence including several substitutions. In particular, one of these sequences (iCAL-Q27) showed an affinity 70 times stronger for the CAL protein compared to iCAL36, hinting a more complete inhibition of the CAL/CFTR interaction.Overall, these major results grant the access to second-generation “stabilizers” potentially showing an improved biological effect in the context of cystic fibrosis

    DĂ©veloppement et vectorisation de peptides inhibiteurs du domaine PDZ de CAL pour le traitement de la mucoviscidose

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    Cystic fibrosis is a lethal disease induced by genetic mutations of the CFTR chloride channel, leading to a loss of its function in the epithelial tissues of various organs. The lung is particularly affected and becomes a target for chronical bacterial infections. To cure the disease, we developed so-called CFTR “stabilizers”, which are peptides inhibiting the interaction between the CFTR protein and the key mediator of its half-life at the apical membrane of epithelial cells, the CAL protein. In particular, the iCAL36 peptide showed an increase of the functionality of the mutated CFTR protein. The aim of this thesis was to increase this biological effect by improving its pharmacological parameters: cellular internalization (vectorization), metabolic stability and affinity for the CAL protein.The first axis of optimization was the internalization of the iCAL36 peptide by 7 different cell-penetrating peptides (CPP). The corresponding conjugates were evaluated upon their cytotoxicity, their uptake efficiency and their capacity to maintain this efficiency in the presence of proteases. The mechanism of entry of the two best candidates was then studied. Various bias frequently encountered during the analysis of CPP uptake efficiency by fluorescence methods were also identified and explained. Afterwards, the iCAL36 sequence was modulated by inclusion of non-natural amino acids. The screening of the peptide/protein interactions was performed by a method optimized during this thesis (PIPEPLUS process) and allowed the identification of 32 promising analogues of the iCAL36 sequence including several substitutions. In particular, one of these sequences (iCAL-Q27) showed an affinity 70 times stronger for the CAL protein compared to iCAL36, hinting a more complete inhibition of the CAL/CFTR interaction.Overall, these major results grant the access to second-generation “stabilizers” potentially showing an improved biological effect in the context of cystic fibrosis.La mucoviscidose est une maladie gĂ©nĂ©tique lĂ©tale induite par des mutations du canal ionique CFTR, provoquant une perte de sa fonctionnalitĂ© au niveau des tissus Ă©pithĂ©liaux de divers organes. Le poumon est particuliĂšrement touchĂ© et devient sujet Ă  des infections bactĂ©riennes chroniques. Dans le but de traiter la maladie, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© des « stabilisateurs » de la protĂ©ine CFTR : il s’agit de peptides inhibant l’interaction de la protĂ©ine CFTR avec le mĂ©diateur-clĂ© de sa demi-vie Ă  la membrane apicale des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales, la protĂ©ine CAL. En particulier, le peptide iCAL36 a dĂ©montrĂ© une hausse de fonctionnalitĂ© de la protĂ©ine CFTR mutĂ©e. Le but de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de renforcer cet effet biologique en amĂ©liorant ses caractĂ©ristiques pharmacologiques : pĂ©nĂ©tration cellulaire (vectorisation), stabilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique et affinitĂ© pour la protĂ©ine CAL.Le premier axe d’optimisation a Ă©tĂ© l’internalisation du peptide iCAL36 par 7 diffĂ©rents peptides vecteurs (CPP). Les conjuguĂ©s correspondants ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s suivant leur cytotoxicitĂ©, leur efficacitĂ© d’internalisation et leur capacitĂ© Ă  maintenir cette efficacitĂ© en prĂ©sence de sĂ©rum. Le mĂ©canisme d’entrĂ©e des deux meilleurs conjuguĂ©s a ensuite Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. Divers biais couramment rencontrĂ©s lors de l’analyse de l’efficacitĂ© d’internalisation de peptides vecteurs par des mĂ©thodes de fluorescence ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et expliquĂ©s. La sĂ©quence du peptide iCAL36 a ensuite Ă©tĂ© modulĂ©e par inclusion d’acides aminĂ©s non-naturels. Le criblage des interactions peptide/protĂ©ine a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© par une procĂ©dure optimisĂ©e dans le cadre de cette thĂšse (mĂ©thode PIPEPLUS) et a permis d’identifier 32 analogues prometteurs de la sĂ©quence d’iCAL36 incluant diffĂ©rentes substitutions. En particulier, une des sĂ©quences identifiĂ©es (iCAL-Q27) a dĂ©montrĂ© une affinitĂ© 70 fois supĂ©rieure Ă  celle du peptide iCAL36 pour la protĂ©ine CAL, indiquant une inhibition plus complĂšte de l’interaction CAL/CFTR.Ces rĂ©sultats majeurs permettent dans leur ensemble de dĂ©velopper des « stabilisateurs » peptidiques de seconde gĂ©nĂ©ration pouvant avoir un effet biologique accru dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose
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