El Efecto del Priming Asociativo Verbal Mediante un Paradigma de Producción “Implícita” en el Acceso al Léxico

Varios trabajos han investigado las particularidades del  priming  semántico y del priming asociativo verbal durante la producción de una palabra. No obstante, el rol de las relaciones asociativas en el proceso de producción (principalmente en la denominación de imágenes) ha sido menos estudiado; y por lo tanto, la caracterización de su efecto y su localización no son totalmente claros.  El objetivo principal del presente trabajo experimental fue confirmar la presencia de un efecto de  priming  asociativo verbal utilizando una tarea de detección del fonema inicial del nombre  del objeto-target. La realización de esta tarea exige la recuperación de la forma fonológica del nombre del objeto sin dar lugar a su articulación efectiva, como sí ocurre en la tarea de denominación de imágenes. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos. El experimento 1 mostró un efecto de facilitación asociativa verbal en la condición de asociados (en comparación a una condición control) sin la puesta en juego de los procesos articulatorios. El segundo experimento tuvo como objetivo confirmar la naturaleza no estratégica del efecto de facilitación asociativa que se encontró en el experimento 1. Los datos obtenidos permiten confirmar que el acceso a la forma fonológica del nombre de un objeto puede ser facilitado por la presentación previa de una palabra inductora o “prime” asociativamente relacionada (caracterización del efecto). Y dadas las particularidades del paradigma utilizado, el efecto observado de facilitación ocurre a un nivel pre-articulatorio (a nivel de la forma fonológica) de procesamiento (localización del efecto)

The Altered Expression of microRNA408 Influences the Arabidopsis Response to Iron Deficiency

MicroRNAs contribute to the adaptation of plants to varying environmental conditions by affecting systemic mineral nutrient homeostasis. Copper and iron deficiencies antagonistically control the expression of Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA408 (miR408), which post-transcriptionally regulates laccase-like multicopper oxidase family members LAC3, LAC12, and LAC13. In this work, we used miR408 T-DNA insertion mutants (408-KO1 and 408-KO2) and a previously characterized transgenic line overexpressing miR408 (35S:408-14) to explore how miR408 influences copper- and iron-dependent metabolism. We observed that the altered expression of miR408 diminished plant performance and the activation of the iron-regulated genes under iron-deficient conditions. Consistently with the low expression of the miR408-target laccases, we showed that the vascular bundle lignification of the 35S:408-14 plants diminished. The decrease in the phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities exhibited by wild-type plants under iron deficiency did not occur in the 408-KO1 plants, probably due to the higher expression of laccases. Finally, we observed that the hydrogen peroxide levels under iron starvation were altered in both the 408-KO1 and 35S:408-14 lines. Taken together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis plants with modified miR408 levels undergo multiple deregulations under iron-deficient conditions

Constancy and change in marine predator diets across a shift in oceanographic conditions in the Northern California Current

Variable ocean conditions can greatly impact prey assemblages and predator foraging in marine ecosystems. Our goal was to better understand how a change in ocean conditions influenced dietary niche overlap among a suite of midtrophic-level predators. We examined the diets of three fishes and one seabird off central Oregon during two boreal summer upwelling periods with contrasting El Niño (2010) and La Niña (2011) conditions. We found greater niche specialization during El Niño and increased niche overlap during La Niña in both the nekton and micronekton diet components, especially in the larger, more offshore predators. However, only the two smaller, more nearshore predators exhibited interannual variation in diet composition. Concurrent trawl surveys confirmed that changes in components of predator diets reflected changes in the prey community. Using multiple predators across diverse taxa and life histories provided a comprehensive understanding of food-web dynamics during changing ocean conditions

Regional asynchronicity in dairy production and processing in early farming communities of the northern Mediterranean

In the absence of any direct evidence, the relative importance of meat and dairy productions to Neolithic prehistoric Mediterranean communities has been extensively debated. Here, we combine lipid residue analysis of ceramic vessels with osteo-archaeological age-at-death analysis from 82 northern Mediterranean and Near Eastern sites dating from the seventh to fifth millennia BC to address this question. The findings show variable intensities in dairy and nondairy activities in the Mediterranean region with the slaughter profiles of domesticated ruminants mirroring the results of the organic residue analyses. The finding of milk residues in very early Neolithic pottery (seventh millennium BC) from both the east and west of the region contrasts with much lower intensities in sites of northern Greece, where pig bones are present in higher frequencies compared with other locations. In this region, the slaughter profiles of all domesticated ruminants suggest meat production predominated. Overall, it appears that milk or the by-products of milk was an important foodstuff, which may have contributed significantly to the spread of these cultural groups by providing a nourishing and sustainable product for early farming communities

Diseño y posicionado de la prótesis inversa de hombro utilizando técnicas de simulación numérica por método de los elementos finitos y biomodelos realizados por impresión 3D

[EN] Purpose. To analyze the positioning and orientation of a reverse shoulder prostheses in the scapula, and to improve its anchorage and adaptation using numerical simulation techniques trough finite element methodology (FEM) and biomodels by 3D printing. Methods. A 3D-virtual biomodel is generated by the CT of a male patient of 70 kg and load in a 4,2 kg arm, operated with RSA. The base plate-scapula is studied by FEM software simulating the mechanical behavior, comparing the intervention against eccentricity conditions of 4 mm and lateralization of 5 mm. The tensions and deformations performed on the interface are analyzed. Results. A reduction of the mechanical stress in the base plate of 23.7% is obtained. A guide-centering device, designed using the 3D printing modeling technique, is designed. Conclusion. The FEM modeling and analysis of the patient¿s personalized shoulder morphology and 3D biomodel help optimum preoperative planning. Printing 3D guides can improve the positioning and anchoring of the RSA base plate.[ES] Objetivo. Analizar el posicionado y orientación de la prótesis inversa de hombro (PIH) en la escápula, y mejorar su anclaje y adaptación utilizando técnicas de Simulación Numérica por metodología de elementos finitos (FEM) y biomodelos realizados por impresión 3D. Métodos. Mediante la TAC de un paciente intervenido de PIH se genera un biomodelo 3D-virtual. Se estudia el conjunto placa base-escápula mediante software FEM simulando el comportamiento mecánico, comparando la intervención frente a unas condiciones de excentricidad de 4 mm y lateralización de 5mm. Se analizan las tensiones y deformaciones ejercidas. Resultados. Se obtiene una reducción de los esfuerzos mecánicos en la placa base de 23,7%. Se diseña un dispositivo de centrado-guía, elaborado mediante la técnica de impresión 3D. Conclusión. El modelado y análisis FEM de la morfología del hombro del paciente y su biomodelo 3D ayudan a una óptima planificación pre-operatoria. La impresión de guías 3D puede mejorar el posicionamiento y anclaje de la placa base de la PIH.Salvador Marín, J.; Piles-Cabo, L.; Seguí, JM.; Sanchez-Caballero, S.; Reig-Pérez, MJ.; Pla-Ferrando, R.; Ferrándiz Bou, S.... (2017). Diseño y posicionado de la prótesis inversa de hombro utilizando técnicas de simulación numérica por método de los elementos finitos y biomodelos realizados por impresión 3D. Revista Española de Cirugía Osteoarticular. 52(271):96-101. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/148361S961015227

Towards precision medicine: defining and characterizing adipose tissue dysfunction to identify early immunometabolic risk in symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study

Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes are early molecular factors influencing adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, resulting in high leptin, low adiponectin circulating levels and low-grade metaflammation, leading to insulin resistance (IR) with increased cardiovascular risk. We report the characterization of AT dysfunction through measurements of the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR), the adipo-insulin resistance index (Adipo-IRi), fasting/postprandial (F/P) immunometabolic phenotyping and direct F/P differential gene expression in AT biopsies obtained from symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. AT dysfunction was evaluated through associations of the ALR with F/P insulin-glucose axis, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory markers. A relevant pattern of negative associations between decreased ALR and markers of systemic low-grade metaflammation, HOMA, and postprandial cardiovascular risk hyperinsulinemic, triglyceride and GLP-1 curves was found. We also analysed their plasma non-coding microRNAs and shotgun lipidomics profiles finding trends that may reflect a pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the fed and fasted state. Direct gene differential expression data showed initial patterns of AT molecular signatures of key immunometabolic genes involved in AT expansion, angiogenic remodelling and immune cell migration. These data reinforce the central, early role of AT dysfunction at the molecular and systemic level in the pathogenesis of IR and immunometabolic disorders

SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529)-related COVID-19 sequelae in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with cancer: results from the OnCovid registry

Background COVID-19 sequelae can affect about 15% of patients with cancer who survive the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection and can substantially impair their survival and continuity of oncological care. We aimed to investigate whether previous immunisation affects long-term sequelae in the context of evolving variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. Methods OnCovid is an active registry that includes patients aged 18 years or older from 37 institutions across Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and a history of solid or haematological malignancy, either active or in remission, followed up from COVID-19 diagnosis until death. We evaluated the prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae in patients who survived COVID-19 and underwent a formal clinical reassessment, categorising infection according to the date of diagnosis as the omicron (B.1.1.529) phase from Dec 15, 2021, to Jan 31, 2022; the alpha (B.1.1.7)-delta (B.1.617.2) phase from Dec 1, 2020, to Dec 14, 2021; and the pre-vaccination phase from Feb 27 to Nov 30, 2020. The prevalence of overall COVID-19 sequelae was compared according to SARS-CoV-2 immunisation status and in relation to post-COVID-19 survival and resumption of systemic anticancer therapy. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04393974. Findings At the follow-up update on June 20, 2022, 1909 eligible patients, evaluated after a median of 39 days (IQR 24-68) from COVID-19 diagnosis, were included (964 [ 50 center dot 7%] of 1902 patients with sex data were female and 938 [49 center dot 3%] were male). Overall, 317 (16 center dot 6%; 95% CI 14 center dot 8-18 center dot 5) of 1909 patients had at least one sequela from COVID-19 at the first oncological reassessment. The prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae was highest in the prevaccination phase (191 [19 center dot 1%; 95% CI 16 center dot 4-22 center dot 0] of 1000 patients). The prevalence was similar in the alpha-delta phase (110 [16 center dot 8%; 13 center dot 8- 20 center dot 3] of 653 patients, p=0 center dot 24), but significantly lower in the omicron phase (16 [6 center dot 2%; 3 center dot 5-10 center dot 2] of 256 patients, p<0 center dot 0001). In the alpha- delta phase, 84 (18 center dot 3%; 95% CI 14 center dot 6-22 center dot 7) of 458 unvaccinated patients and three (9 center dot 4%; 1 center dot 9- 27 center dot 3) of 32 unvaccinated patients in the omicron phase had sequelae. Patients who received a booster and those who received two vaccine doses had a significantly lower prevalence of overall COVID-19 sequelae than unvaccinated or partially vaccinated patients (ten [7 center dot 4%; 95% CI 3 center dot 5-13 center dot 5] of 136 boosted patients, 18 [9 center dot 8%; 5 center dot 8-15 center dot 5] of 183 patients who had two vaccine doses vs 277 [ 18 center dot 5%; 16 center dot 5-20 center dot 9] of 1489 unvaccinated patients, p=0 center dot 0001), respiratory sequelae (six [4 center dot 4%; 1 center dot 6-9 center dot 6], 11 [6 center dot 0%; 3 center dot 0-10 center dot 7] vs 148 [9 center dot 9%; 8 center dot 4- 11 center dot 6], p= 0 center dot 030), and prolonged fatigue (three [2 center dot 2%; 0 center dot 1-6 center dot 4], ten [5 center dot 4%; 2 center dot 6-10 center dot 0] vs 115 [7 center dot 7%; 6 center dot 3-9 center dot 3], p=0 center dot 037)

L’effet de fréquence dans l’accès aux propriétés phonologiques des noms d’objets

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