Theranostic: a new tecnique againts cancer

Theranostic, has positioned itself as a promising technique to fight cancer, especially when using radioactive isotopes, where it has demonstrated good efficiency in human cancer treatment and in the animal phase study. The technique basically consists in using a chemical element with several radioactive isotopes. One diagnostic (gamma or β+ emitter) and another isotope of the same therapeutic element (alpha, β+, β- or Auger electrons). These isotopes must be linked to a vector molecule expressed by the tumor cells of the corresponding type of cancer. Radioisotopes can also be encapsulated in nanoparticles

IKKβ overexpression together with a lack of tumour suppressor genes causes ameloblastic odontomas in mice

Odontogenic tumours are a heterogeneous group of lesions that develop in the oral cavity region and are characterized by the formation of tumoural structures that differentiate as teeth. Due to the diversity of their histopathological characteristics and clinical behaviour, the classification of these tumours is still under debate. Alterations in morphogenesis pathways such as the Hedgehog, MAPK and WNT/β-catenin pathways are implicated in the formation of odontogenic lesions, but the molecular bases of many of these lesions are still unknown. In this study, we used genetically modified mice to study the role of IKKβ (a fundamental regulator of NF-κB activity and many other proteins) in oral epithelial cells and odontogenic tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressing IKKβ in oral epithelial cells show a significant increase in immune cells in both the oral epithelia and oral submucosa. They also show changes in the expression of several proteins and miRNAs that are important for cancer development. Interestingly, we found that overactivity of IKKβ in oral epithelia and odontogenic tissues, in conjunction with the loss of tumour suppressor proteins (p53, or p16 and p19), leads to the appearance of odontogenic tumours that can be classified as ameloblastic odontomas, sometimes accompanied by foci of secondary ameloblastic carcinomas. These tumours show NF-κB activation and increased β-catenin activity. These findings may help to elucidate the molecular determinants of odontogenic tumourigenesis and the role of IKKβ in the homoeostasis and tumoural transformation of oral and odontogenic epitheliaThis work was funded by project PI17/00578, from the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, and approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. It has been founded also by projects CB16/12/00228, PI16/00161, RD16/0011/0011, RD12/0019/0023 and SAF2017–84248-PS

Interacting resident epicardium-derived fibroblasts and recruited bone marrow cells form myocardial infarction scar

Background: Although efforts continue to find new therapies to regenerate infarcted heart tissue, knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remains poor. Objectives: This study sought to identify the origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in the infarcted heart to better understand the pathophysiology of ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Permanent genetic tracing of epicardium-derived cell (EPDC) and bone marrow-derived blood cell (BMC) lineages was established using Cre/LoxP technology. In vivo gene and protein expression studies, as well as in vitro cell culture assays, were developed to characterize EPDC and BMC interaction and properties. Results: EPDCs, which colonize the cardiac interstitium during embryogenesis, massively differentiate into CFs after MI. This response is disease-specific, because angiotensin II-induced pressure overload does not trigger significant EPDC fibroblastic differentiation. The expansion of epicardial-derived CFs follows BMC infiltration into the infarct site; the number of EPDCs equals that of BMCs 1 week post-infarction. BMC-EPDC interaction leads to cell polarization, packing, massive collagen deposition, and scar formation. Moreover, epicardium-derived CFs display stromal properties with respect to BMCs, contributing to the sustained recruitment of circulating cells to the damaged zone and the cardiac persistence of hematopoietic progenitors/stem cells after MI. Conclusions: EPDCs, but not BMCs, are the main origin of CFs in the ischemic heart. Adult resident EPDC contribution to the CF compartment is time- and disease-dependent. Our findings are relevant to the understanding of post-MI ventricular remodeling and may contribute to the development of new therapies to treat this disease.1. Instituto de Salud Carlos III: ISCIII PI13/02144, CP09/00333, RD12/0019-0023, RD12/0019-0032, RD12/0019-0022 2. MINECO: BFU2012-35799 3. Junta de Andalucía: CTS-7564 4. EU FP7-Marie Curie-ITN actions PITN-GA-2011-28960

Evaluación de la antixenosis de híbridos intraespecíficos de Populus spp. expuestos a Leucoptera sinuella

52 p.Leucoptera sinuella (Reutti), es una plaga que actualmente afecta a las plantaciones de álamos en Chile. El daño producido por sus larvas en el follaje provoca reducción de las capacidades fotosintéticas y, por lo tanto, reducción en el rendimiento. Además, es considerada una plaga cuarentenaria en otros países, a los cuales el sector frutícola chileno exporta. Al ser una plaga introducida recientemente, no existen métodos efectivos de control. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la antixenosis en distintos clones de híbridos intraespecíficos [(Populus trichocarpa X Populus deltoides) X Populus deltoides] y Populus alba. De esta manera sentar bases para programas de mejoramiento en el control de la polilla del álamo. El experimento se realizó bajo condiciones experimentales controladas en el laboratorio del Centro Tecnológico del Álamo, perteneciente a la Universidad de Talca, donde se llevó a cabo la infestación controlada de adultos de L. sinuella sobre estacas de Populus, en donde fue evaluada la ovipostura y densidad de tricomas en la parte adaxial de las hojas. También se evaluaron particularidades de a ovipostura como número de huevos por nidada y distribución de la nidada. Se logro determinar una correlación entre número de huevos acumulados y número de tricomas por hoja (mm2) para cada clon de Populus TDxD y Populus alba (Villa Franca). Determinando que al aumentar la densidad de tricomas en la superficia adaxial de la hoja de Populus disminuye la cantidad de huevos de L. sinuella. Por otra parte, no se encontraron diferencias en el número de huevos por nidada y la distribución de la nidada para los clones de Populus TDxD con respecto a Populus alba (2-1-1)

Catalog and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of El Salvador

Menos del 1% de la literatura sobre la biodiversidad de El Salvador es sobre invertebrados terrestres, lo que limita nuestro conocimiento de la diversidad, riqueza y distribución de este grupo en el territorio. Los Scarabaeoidea son megadiversos en múltiples ecosistemas y cumplen muchas funciones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo catalogar los Scarabaeoidea en El Salvador. Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura publicada y se revisaron numerosas colecciones entomológicas con material relevante. Se construyeron mapas para visualizar la distribución conocida de cada especie en el país. Existen 295 especies de escarabajos (incluyendo 19 nuevos registros en el país) representando 106 géneros en 7 familias en El Salvador. Se conocen seis especies precursoras. Veintidós especies se descartan como presentes en El Salvador, ya sea porque no son especies válidas o por identificaciones erróneas o registros dudosos. Este trabajo es la primera aproximación al conocimiento de los Scarabaeoidea en El Salvador, un territorio que usualmente se considera de nula importancia para la conservación de la biodiversidad regional debido a su reducida superficie, alta tasa de deforestación y sobrepoblación. Los resultados de este trabajo refuerzan la necesidad de realizar prospección biológica en el territorio para conocer, conservar y proteger la biodiversidad remanente. 2023 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Todos los derechos reservados.Less than 1% of the literature on El Salvador s biodiversity is about terrestrial invertebrates, which limits our knowledge of this group s diversity, richness, and distribution in the territory. Scarabaeoidea are megadiverse in multiple ecosystems and perform many functions. This work aims to catalog the Scarabaeoidea in El Salvador. We conducted an exhaustive review of published literature and reviewed numerous entomological collections with relevant material. Maps were constructed to visualize the known distribution of each species in the country. There are 295 scarab beetle species (including 19 new country records) representing 106 genera in 7 families in El Salvador. Six precinctive species are known. Twenty-Two species are discarded as occurring in El Salvador, either because they are not valid species or because of misidentifications or dubious records. This work is the first approach to knowing the Scarabaeoidea in El Salvador, a territory that is usually considered of no importance for the conservation of regional biodiversity due to its small area, high rate of deforestation, and overpopulation. The results of this work reinforce the need for biological prospecting in the territory to know, conserve, and protect the remaining biodiversity. © 2023 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved

Suppression of Coulomb-nuclear interference in the near-barrier elastic scattering of 17 Ne from 208 Pb

The proton drip-line nucleus 17Ne is considered a good candidate for a Borromean two-proton halo with a 15O + p+ pstructure. Angular distributions of the elastic scattering and inclusive 15O production for a 136 MeV 17Ne beam incident on a 208Pb target were measured for the first time at the SPIRAL1 facility, GANIL. Use of the GLORIA detector array allowed high-resolution data over a wide angular range from 20◦up to 95◦in the laboratory frame to be obtained. The elastic scattering angular distribution shows similarities with those for both 6He and 20Ne at equivalent collision energies with respect to the corresponding Coulomb barriers, exhibiting the suppression of the Coulomb rainbow peak characteristic of strong coupling. Optical model and coupled channel fits suggest that this is due to a combination of coupling to low-lying quadrupole resonances and Coulomb dipole coupling to the low-lying continuum, although their relative importance depends on the relevant B(E2)values which remain to be firmly determined

Comprehensive characterization of a novel, oncogenic and targetable SEPTIN6::ABL2 fusion in T-ALL

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Communication Policies and the Protection of Pluralism in the European Union and the United States

This article describes and analyses the regulatory frameworks and the current pluralism protection policies in the United States and several countries of the European Union (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain). The data obtained allowed a qualitative assessment to be carried out, through a comparative analysis, in order to identify certain similarities and some significant differences. Thus, it was found that pluralism protection is a common denominator in the communication policies of these countries. However, regulatory and legislative differences depend on social, geographical and media contexts, and time variations in the application of policies depend on audiovisual media market liberalisation processes

Targeted gene therapy and cell reprogramming in Fanconi anemia

Altres ajuts: European Regional Development FEDER Funds, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Dirección General de Investigación de la Comunidad de Madrid S2010/BMD-2420, La Fundació Privada La Marató de TV3 121430/31/32, Marató de TV3 464/C/2012Gene targeting is progressively becoming a realistic therapeutic alternative in clinics. It is unknown, however, whether this technology will be suitable for the treatment of DNA repair deficiency syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA), with defects in homology-directed DNA repair. In this study, we used zinc finger nucleases and integrase-defective lentiviral vectors to demonstrate for the first time that FANCA can be efficiently and specifically targeted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in fibroblasts from FA-A patients. Strikingly, up to 40% of FA fibroblasts showed gene targeting 42 days after gene editing. Given the low number of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow of FA patients, gene-edited FA fibroblasts were then reprogrammed and re-differentiated toward the hematopoietic lineage. Analyses of gene-edited FA-iPSCs confirmed the specific integration of FANCA in the AAVS1 locus in all tested clones. Moreover, the hematopoietic differentiation of these iPSCs efficiently generated disease-free hematopoietic progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of correcting the phenotype of a DNA repair deficiency syndrome using gene-targeting and cell reprogramming strategies

Comprehensive characterization of a novel, oncogenic and targetable SEPTIN6::ABL2 fusion in T-ALL

descripción no proporcionada por scopusThis work was supported in part by funds from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2015-70561-R; MINECO/FEDER, EU to J.F.-P. and M.V.-M.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-093330-B-I00; MCIU/FEDER, EU to J.F.-P. and J.S.); Fundación Ramón Areces (CIVP19S7917 to J.F.-P.); Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD-3778; LINFOMAS-CM to J.F.-P.); Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC, 2018; PROYE18054PIRI to J.F.-P. and LABAE20049RODR to S.R-P.); Spanish National Research and Development Plan, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER (PI20/01837 to S.R.-P. and PI21/01641 to R.T.-R.); Proyecto Desarrollo Tecnológico (DTS19/00111 to S.R.-P.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz to J.F.-P. Institutional grants from the Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco de Santander to the CBMSO; IAP-DRCLAS at Harvard and Fundación Asisa (086812) are also acknowledged