280 research outputs found
Feeling good about being hungry: food-related thoughts in eating disorder
Objectives: This study explores the relationships to food and hunger in women living with anorexic type eating difficulties and asks how imagery-based elaborations of food and eating thoughts are involved in their eating restraint, and recovery. Design: The qualitative idiographic approach of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used. Four in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with women self-selected as having experienced anorexia or anorexic like behaviour. Methods: The data was analysed using IPA and an audit of the analysis was conducted to ensure that the process followed had been systematic and rigorous and appropriately considered reflexivity. Results: Hunger was perceived positively by participants as confirmation that they were achieving their goal of losing weight, or avoiding weight gain. Hunger conferred a sense of being in control for the participants. Intrusive thoughts about food were reported as being quickly followed by elaborative mental imagery of the positive aspects of weight loss, and the negative consequences of eating. Imagery appeared to serve to maintain anorexic behaviours rather than to motivate food seeking. However, negative imagery of the consequences of anorexia were also described as supporting recovery. Conclusions: The finding that physiological sensations of hunger were experienced as positive confirmation of maintaining control has potentially important clinical and theoretical implications. It suggests further attention needs to be focused upon how changes in cognitive elaboration, involving mental imagery, are components of the psychological changes in the development of, maintenance of, and recovery from, anorexia
Integrative assessment of frontal plane alignment of the hip and knee among subjects with and without knee osteoarthritis: the most study
Expansions of algebras and superalgebras and some applications
After reviewing the three well-known methods to obtain Lie algebras and
superalgebras from given ones, namely, contractions, deformations and
extensions, we describe a fourth method recently introduced, the expansion of
Lie (super)algebras. Expanded (super)algebras have, in general, larger
dimensions than the original algebra, but also include the Inonu-Wigner and
generalized IW contractions as a particular case. As an example of a physical
application of expansions, we discuss the relation between the possible
underlying gauge symmetry of eleven-dimensional supergravity and the
superalgebra osp(1|32).Comment: Invited lecture delivered at the 'Deformations and Contractions in
Mathematics and Physics Workshop', 15-21 January 2006, Mathematisches
Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, German
A Matrix Integral Solution to [P,Q]=P and Matrix Laplace Transforms
In this paper we solve the following problems: (i) find two differential
operators P and Q satisfying [P,Q]=P, where P flows according to the KP
hierarchy \partial P/\partial t_n = [(P^{n/p})_+,P], with p := \ord P\ge 2;
(ii) find a matrix integral representation for the associated \t au-function.
First we construct an infinite dimensional space {\cal W}=\Span_\BC
\{\psi_0(z),\psi_1(z),... \} of functions of z\in\BC invariant under the action
of two operators, multiplication by z^p and A_c:= z \partial/\partial z - z +
c. This requirement is satisfied, for arbitrary p, if \psi_0 is a certain
function generalizing the classical H\"ankel function (for p=2); our
representation of the generalized H\"ankel function as a double Laplace
transform of a simple function, which was unknown even for the p=2 case,
enables us to represent the \tau-function associated with the KP time evolution
of the space \cal W as a ``double matrix Laplace transform'' in two different
ways. One representation involves an integration over the space of matrices
whose spectrum belongs to a wedge-shaped contour \gamma := \gamma^+ + \gamma^-
\subset\BC defined by \gamma^\pm=\BR_+\E^{\pm\pi\I/p}. The new integrals above
relate to the matrix Laplace transforms, in contrast with the matrix Fourier
transforms, which generalize the Kontsevich integrals and solve the operator
equation [P,Q]=1.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure in PostScrip
Localized Tachyons and the Quantum McKay Correspondence
The condensation of closed string tachyons localized at the fixed point of a
C^d/\Gamma orbifold can be studied in the framework of renormalization group
flow in a gauged linear sigma model. The evolution of the Higgs branch along
the flow describes a resolution of singularities via the process of tachyon
condensation. The study of the fate of D-branes in this process has lead to a
notion of a ``quantum McKay correspondence.'' This is a hypothetical
correspondence between fractional branes in an orbifold singularity in the
ultraviolet with the Coulomb and Higgs branch branes in the infrared. In this
paper we present some nontrivial evidence for this correspondence in the case
C^2/Z_n by relating the intersection form of fractional branes to that of
``Higgs branch branes,'' the latter being branes which wrap nontrivial cycles
in the resolved space.Comment: 25 pages; harvma
Jockeying for position: the construction of masculine identities
In this paper we examine the construction of masculine identities within a real-life social situation. Using data from an extensive series of interviews with small groups of sixth-form (17-18-year-old) students attending a UK-based, single-sex independent school, the analysis looks at the action orientation of different constructions of identity. More specifically, it focuses upon how the identity talk of one particular group of students were oriented towards managing their subordinate status within the school. In a number of instances the identity of the `new man' was adopted as a strategy of resistance. However, it was found that the more common strategy involved buying back into values embodied within a more traditional definition of masculinity
Ramond-Ramond Fields, Fractional Branes and Orbifold Differential K-Theory
We study D-branes and Ramond-Ramond fields on global orbifolds of Type II
string theory with vanishing H-flux using methods of equivariant K-theory and
K-homology. We illustrate how Bredon equivariant cohomology naturally realizes
stringy orbifold cohomology. We emphasize its role as the correct cohomological
tool which captures known features of the low-energy effective field theory,
and which provides new consistency conditions for fractional D-branes and
Ramond-Ramond fields on orbifolds. We use an equivariant Chern character from
equivariant K-theory to Bredon cohomology to define new Ramond-Ramond couplings
of D-branes which generalize previous examples. We propose a definition for
groups of differential characters associated to equivariant K-theory. We derive
a Dirac quantization rule for Ramond-Ramond fluxes, and study flat
Ramond-Ramond potentials on orbifolds.Comment: 46 pages; v2: typos correcte
Rheological behavior of thermoreversible k-carrageenan/nanosilica gels
The rheological behavior of silica/κ-carrageenan nanocomposites has been investigated as a function of silica particle size and load. The addition
of silica nanoparticles was observed to invariably impair the gelation process, as viewed by the reduction of gel strength and decrease of gelation
and melting temperatures. This weakening effect is seen, for the lowest particle size, to become slightly more marked as silica concentration (or
load) is increased and at the lowest load as particle size is increased. These results suggest that, under these conditions, the particles act as physical
barriers to polysaccharide chain aggregation and, hence, gelation. However, for larger particle sizes and higher loads, gel strength does not weaken
with size or concentration but, rather, becomes relatively stronger for intermediate particles sizes, or remains unchanged for the largest particles, as
a function of load. This indicates that larger particles in higher number do not seem to increasingly disrupt the gel, as expected, but rather promote
the formation of stable gel network of intermediate strength. The possibility of this being caused by the larger negative surface charge found for
the larger particles is discussed. This may impede further approximation of neighboring particles thus leaving enough inter-particle space for gel
formation, taking advantage of a high local polysaccharide concentration due to the higher total space occupied by large particles at higher loads.FCT - PTDC/QUI/67712/2006FEDE
Translating the BDI and BDI-II into the HAMD and vice versa with equipercentile linking
Abstract
Aims
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are the most frequently used observer-rated and self-report scales of depression, respectively. It is important to know what a given total score or a change score from baseline on one scale means in relation to the other scale.
Methods
We obtained individual participant data from the randomised controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorders. We then identified corresponding scores of the HAMD and the BDI (369 patients from seven trials) or the BDI-II (683 patients from another seven trials) using the equipercentile linking method.
Results
The HAMD total scores of 10, 20 and 30 corresponded approximately with the BDI scores of 10, 27 and 42 or with the BDI-II scores of 13, 32 and 50. The HAMD change scores of −20 and −10 with the BDI of −29 and −15 and with the BDI-II of −35 and −16.
Conclusions
The results can help clinicians interpret the HAMD or BDI scores of their patients in a more versatile manner and also help clinicians and researchers evaluate such scores reported in the literature or the database, when scores on only one of these scales are provided. We present a conversion table for future research
(p,q) D=3 Poincare supergravities from Lie algebra expansions
We use the expansion of superalgebras procedure (summarized in the text) to
derive Chern-Simons (CS) actions for the (p,q)-Poincare supergravities in
three-dimensional spacetime. After deriving the action for the (p,0)-Poincare
supergravity as a CS theory for the expansion osp(p|2;R)(2,1) of osp(p|2;R), we
find the general (p,q)-Poincare superalgebras and their associated D=3
supergravity actions as CS gauge theories from an expansion of the simple
osp(p+q|2,R) superalgebras, namely osp(p+q|2,R)(2,1,2).Comment: v2: two references added, 17 pages. To appear in NP
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