Visualization is crucial for understanding microbial processes in the ocean

Recent developments in community and single-cell genomic approaches have provided an unprecedented amount of information on the ecology of microbes in the aquatic environment. However, linkages between each specific microbe\u27s identity and their in situ level of activity (be it growth, division or just metabolic activity) are much more scarce. The ultimate goal of marine microbial ecology is to understand how the environment determines the types of different microbes in nature, their function, morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and to do so we should gather three levels of information, the genomic (including identity), the functional (activity or growth), and the morphological, and for as many individual cells as possible. We present a brief overview of methodologies applied to address single-cell activity in marine prokaryotes, together with a discussion of the difficulties in identifying and categorizing activity and growth. We then provide and discuss some examples showing how visualization has been pivotal for challenging established paradigms and for understanding the role of microbes in the environment, unveiling processes and interactions that otherwise would have been overlooked. We conclude by stating that more effort should be directed towards integrating visualization in future approaches if we want to gain a comprehensive insight into how microbes contribute to the functioning of ecosystems

Avances en la legislación migratoria argentina y persistencia en las prácticas laborales precarias : el caso de los migrantes bolivianos en la agricultura de Mendoza

El presente trabajo se propone visibilizar las dificultades que se encuentran en Mendoza al momento de alcanzar la efectiva implementación de la nueva política migratoria, por medio del análisis de contenido (Krippendorff, 1990) de denuncias periodísticas publicadas en medios de comunicación locales y nacionales en el período 2007 - 2012. La anticipación de sentido que guía el trabajo reside en que a pesar de la ampliación de derechos que trae consigo la nueva ley de migraciones, las condiciones de vulnerabilidad que exhiben los grupos de trabajadores migrantes se mantienen. Como caso paradigmático se señala a la agricultura, rama productiva que arroja las mayores denuncias por trabajo informal e infantil, y que exhibe las condiciones laborales más precarias en el contexto provincial, siendo uno de los principales destinos para los trabajadores migrantes bolivianos que viven o transitan por Mendoza.Fil: Moreno, Marta Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFil: Martín Valdez, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Rosari

Towards a Global Perspective of the Marine Microbiome

Marine microbes play fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and climate regulation at a planetary scale. The field of marine microbial ecology has experienced major breakthroughs following the application of high-throughput sequencing and cultureindependent methodologies that have pushed the exploration of the marine microbiome to an unprecedented scale. This chapter overviews how the advances in gene- and genome-centric approaches as well as in culturing and single cell physiological methodologies in conjunction with global oceanographic circumnavigation expeditions and long-term time series are fueling our understanding of the biogeography, temporal dynamics, functional diversity, and evolutionary processes of microbial populations. We discuss how the joint effort of all those integrative approaches will help to boost our knowledge of the marine microbiome to reach a predictive understanding of how it is going to evolve in future scenarios.Versión del edito

La Unión Fiscal: una asignatura pendiente para la construcción europea

La Unión Europea, desde sus orígenes, aspiró a ser más que una mera agrupación de países. Por este motivo, pronto articuló dos objetivos primordiales: la Unión Política y la Unión Económica y Monetaria. Centrándose en el segundo de ellos, la Unión Monetaria es hoy una realidad, gracias a la competencia en política monetaria del Banco Central Europeo y a la adopción del euro como moneda común. En cambio, en materia de Unión Económica, el grado de armonización alcanzado es mucho menor. Pese a que la armonización fiscal siempre ha sido un objetivo, la realidad evidencia que está muy lejos de lograrse todavía: el Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido, llamado a ser un impuesto comunitario, presenta aún importantes diferencias entre Estados, y en la imposición directa (sobre las sociedades y sobre las personas físicas) la situación es, si cabe, aún más dispar. La consecución de la Unión Fiscal deberá ser un objetivo primordial para los Estados miembros, si se aspira a que la Unión Europea llegue a ser una verdadera Unión en el futuro, capaz de enfrentarse a retos cada vez más complejos en la perspectiva internacional.Departamento de Economía AplicadaGrado en Derecho y Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Enseñanza bilingüe de contenidos científicos. Una propuesta para Educación Primaria

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado trata de abordar la implantación de la enseñanza bilingüe en nuestro país, centrándonos en la Educación Primaria. Presenta una revisión sobre el programa educativo bilingüe y las secciones bilingües de nuestro sistema educativo español. En la segunda parte del trabajo se recoge una propuesta didáctica que se ha elaborado para tercero de primaria sobre la asignatura de Ciencias de la Naturaleza impartida en inglés. Consta de nueve sesiones, en las cuales se proponen diversas actividades que tienen como objetivo desarrollar los contenidos curriculares de las áreas de Ciencias Naturales e Inglés. Finalmente se concluye el trabajo con la observación de la propuesta didáctica y la situación de la enseñanza bilingüe en los centros escolares hoy en día.This paper aims to address the implementation of bilingual teaching in our country, focusing on Primary Education. It presents a revision of the bilingual programmes and bilingual school sections approved in our Spanish educational system. The second part of the paper presents a teaching proposal for the third year of Primary Education on the subject of Natural Sciences taught through English. It consists of nine sessions in which various activities are organised with the aim of developing the curricular contents of the areas of Natural Sciences and English. Finally, the paper concludes with an observation of the teaching proposal and some considerations regarding bilingual teaching in schools today.Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y LiteraturaGrado en Educación Primari

Walking blood bank: ¿Interesa operativizarlo en las FFAA?

37 p.El uso de sangre completa ha demostrado a lo largo de la historia su superioridad frente a los componentes en el paciente politraumatizado, proporcionando un transporte de oxígeno óptimo sin necesidad de diferentes modalidades de almacenaje y cuidado específicas como lo hacen los componentes. Mientras otros ejércitos ya utilizan la sangre completa debido a la fuerte evidencia a favor de su uso, nuestras FFAA continúan haciendo uso de componentes sanguíneos y expansores de plasma. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar como un “banco de sangre vivo” puede proporcionar un suministro de sangre completa segura de forma rápida en el paciente politraumatizado. Para ello, se ha diseñado un protocolo de actuación que incluye diferentes fórmulas para calcular, de forma sencilla, las potenciales necesidades de sangre de un paciente. El personal a cargo de la transfusión realizará un screening y tipaje de la sangre donada, así como un registro de los donantes con el fin de establecer un banco de sangre vivo rotatorio en el que los donantes, controlados epidemiológicamente, pueden donar de forma periódica perpetuando así los suministros. Además, se contempla un protocolo de emergencia para casos de rotura de stock, que involucra a todo el personal desplegado, adiestrado para llevar a cabo la transfusión persona-persona con el fin de proporcionar un aporte de sangre precoz al paciente. Por último, se plantea cómo puede repercutir a la condición física de los donantes las transfusiones periódicas, así como la posibilidad de establecerlo en las distintas misiones desplegadas en el extranjero.The use of whole blood has historically demonstrated its superiority over components in pre-hospital environment, providing optimal oxygen transport without the need for different storage modalities and specific care as components do. While other armies are already using whole blood due to the strong evidence in favour of its use, our Armed Forces continue to make use of blood components and plasma expanders. The aim of this paper is to show how a walking blood bank can provide a safe and rapid supply of whole blood in the pre-hospital environment. Therefore, we have designe a which includes different formulas to calculate, in a simple way, the potential blood needs of a patient. The staff in charge of the transfusion will carry out a screening and typing of the donated blood, as well as a register of donors in order to establish a rotating walking blood bank in which donors, epidemiologically controlled, are able to donate periodically, thus perpetuating supplies. In addition, an emergency protocol is envisaged for cases of stock-outs, involving all deployed personnel, trained to carry out buddy transfusion in order to provide an early blood supply to the patient. Finally, the impact of regular transfusions on the physical condition of donors is discussed, as well as the possibility of establishing it in the various missions deployed abroad.Grado en Medicin

First record of <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> as an entomopathogenic fungus of grasshoppers

Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is the most common fungus reported on infected corn kernels and vegetative tissues, but has not yet been documented as being entomopathogenic for grasshoppers. Grasshoppers and locusts represent a large group of insects that cause economic damage to forage and crops. Tropidacris collaris (Stoll) (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Romaleidae) is a large and voracious grasshopper that in recent years has become an increasingly recurrent and widespread pest in progressively more greatly extended areas of some of in Argentina's northern provinces, with chemical insecticides being currently the only means of control. During February and March of 2008-09, nymphs and adults of T. collaris were collected with sweep nets in dense woodland vegetation at a site near Tres Estacas in western Chaco Province, Argentina, and kept in screened cages. F. verticillioides was isolated from insects that died within 10 days and was cultured in PGA medium. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and positive results recorded. Using traditional and molecular-biological methods, an isolate of F. verticillioides was obtained from T. collaris, and its pathogenecity in the laboratory was shown against another harmful grasshopper, Ronderosia bergi (Stål) (Acridoidea: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). The mortality caused by F. verticillioides on R. bergi reached 58 ± 6.53% by 10 days after inoculation. This is the first record of natural infection caused by F. verticillioides in grasshoppers.Instituto de Botánica "Dr. Carlos Spegazzini

First record of <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> as an entomopathogenic fungus of grasshoppers

Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is the most common fungus reported on infected corn kernels and vegetative tissues, but has not yet been documented as being entomopathogenic for grasshoppers. Grasshoppers and locusts represent a large group of insects that cause economic damage to forage and crops. Tropidacris collaris (Stoll) (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Romaleidae) is a large and voracious grasshopper that in recent years has become an increasingly recurrent and widespread pest in progressively more greatly extended areas of some of in Argentina's northern provinces, with chemical insecticides being currently the only means of control. During February and March of 2008-09, nymphs and adults of T. collaris were collected with sweep nets in dense woodland vegetation at a site near Tres Estacas in western Chaco Province, Argentina, and kept in screened cages. F. verticillioides was isolated from insects that died within 10 days and was cultured in PGA medium. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and positive results recorded. Using traditional and molecular-biological methods, an isolate of F. verticillioides was obtained from T. collaris, and its pathogenecity in the laboratory was shown against another harmful grasshopper, Ronderosia bergi (Stål) (Acridoidea: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). The mortality caused by F. verticillioides on R. bergi reached 58 ± 6.53% by 10 days after inoculation. This is the first record of natural infection caused by F. verticillioides in grasshoppers.Instituto de Botánica "Dr. Carlos Spegazzini

Distributed formation control with time and connectivity constraints

[Abstract] In this paper, we propose a distributed control law for non-holonomic vehicles that guarantees to achieve the desired formation and location before a given deadline, while maintaining the connectivity of the group. The group is commanded by a a selected subset of the agents, which know the location of the desired objective, while the rest of the vehicles only have information about their relative desired positions respect their set of neighbors. The analytical results are illustrated with a simulation example.[Resumen] En este documento, proponemos una ley de control distribuido para vehículos no holonómicos que garantiza alcanzar la formación y ubicación deseadas antes de un plazo determinado, mientras se mantiene la conectividad del grupo. El grupo está comandado por un subconjunto seleccionado de agentes, que conocen la ubicación del objetivo deseado, mientras que el resto de los vehículos solo tienen información sobre sus posiciones relativas deseadas con respecto a su conjunto de vecinos. Los resultados analíticos se ilustran con un ejemplo de simulación