64 research outputs found
Smeared versus localised sources in flux compactifications
We investigate whether vacuum solutions in flux compactifications that are
obtained with smeared sources (orientifolds or D-branes) still survive when the
sources are localised. This seems to rely on whether the solutions are BPS or
not. First we consider two sets of BPS solutions that both relate to the GKP
solution through T-dualities: (p+1)-dimensional solutions from
spacetime-filling Op-planes with a conformally Ricci-flat internal space, and
p-dimensional solutions with Op-planes that wrap a 1-cycle inside an everywhere
negatively curved twisted torus. The relation between the solution with smeared
orientifolds and the localised version is worked out in detail. We then
demonstrate that a class of non-BPS AdS_4 solutions that exist for IASD fluxes
and with smeared D3-branes (or analogously for ISD fluxes with anti-D3-branes)
does not survive the localisation of the (anti) D3-branes. This casts doubts on
the stringy consistency of non-BPS solutions that are obtained in the limit of
smeared sources.Comment: 23 pages; v2: minor corrections, added references, version published
in JHE
Beliefs about others' intentions determine whether cooperation is the faster choice
Is collaboration the fast choice for humans? Past studies proposed that cooperation is a behavioural default, based on Response Times (RT) findings. Here we contend that the individualâs reckoning of the immediate social environment shapes her predisposition to cooperate and, hence, response latencies. In a social dilemma game, we manipulate the beliefs about the partnerâs intentions to cooperate and show that they act as a switch that determines cooperation and defection RTs; when the partnerâs intention to cooperate is perceived as high, cooperation choices are speeded up, while defection is slowed down. Importantly, this social context effect holds across varying expected payoffs, indicating that it modulates behaviour regardless of choicesâ similarity in monetary terms. Moreover, this pattern is moderated by individual variability in social preferences: Among conditional cooperators, high cooperation beliefs speed up cooperation responses and slow down defection. Among free-riders, defection is always faster and more likely than cooperation, while high cooperation beliefs slow down all decisions. These results shed new light on the conflict of choices account of response latencies, as well as on the intuitive cooperation hypothesis, and can help to correctly interpret and reconcile previous, apparently contradictory results, by considering the role of context in social dilemmas
Differences in the feeding of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) in four distinct lotic systems
Interactions between benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes in a low order stream in Campos de Cima da Serra, RS, Brazil
Strong, bold, and kind : Self-control and cooperation in social dilemmas
Financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VetenskapsrĂ„det), from Formas through the program Human Cooperation to Manage Natural Resources (COMMONS), and the Ideenfonds of the University of Munich is gratefully acknowledged.We develop a model that relates self-control to cooperation patterns in social dilemmas, and we test the model in a laboratory public goods experiment. As predicted, we find a robust association between stronger self-control and higher levels of cooperation, and the association is at its strongest when the decision makerâs risk aversion is low and the cooperation levels of others high. We interpret the pattern as evidence for the notion that individuals may experience an impulse to act in self-interestâand that cooperative behavior benefits from self-control. Free-riders differ from other contributor types only in their tendency not to have identified a self-control conflict in the first place.PostprintPeer reviewe
Consensus criteria for sensitive detection of minimal neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow, blood and stem cell preparations by immunocytology and QRT-PCR: recommendations by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Task Force
Disseminating disease is a predictive and prognostic indicator of poor outcome in children with neuroblastoma. Its accurate and sensitive assessment can facilitate optimal treatment decisions. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Task Force has defined standardised methods for the determination of minimal disease (MD) by immunocytology (IC) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) using disialoganglioside GD2 and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA respectively. The INRG standard operating procedures (SOPs) define methods for collecting, processing and evaluating bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and peripheral blood stem cell harvest by IC and QRT-PCR. Sampling PB and BM is recommended at diagnosis, before and after myeloablative therapy and at the end of treatment. Peripheral blood stem cell products should be analysed at the time of harvest. Performing MD detection according to INRG SOPs will enable laboratories throughout the world to compare their results and thus facilitate quality-controlled multi-centre prospective trials to assess the clinical significance of MD and minimal residual disease in heterogeneous patient groups
Comparative genomics of Beauveria bassiana: uncovering signatures of virulence against mosquitoes
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