Regulation of Sister Chromatid Cohesion by ECO-1 and WAPL-1 during meiosis and mitosis

Cohesin is a widely conserved, tetrameric protein complex that tethers replicated sister chromatids during meiosis and mitosis. Two cohesin subunits, SMC-1 and SMC-3, and a third subunit, the α-kleisin, form a ring proposed to encircle sister chromatids. Different kleisins associate with cohesin during mitosis and meiosis. SCC-1 is the mitotic kleisin. Meiotic cohesin can associate with either REC-8 or COH-3/4. REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins differ greatly in their functional properties, indicating that the kleisin determines meiotic cohesin function. Early in meiosis, REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins are triggered to become cohesive at different times and by different mechanisms. Later in meiosis, REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins are removed from chromosomes at different times and places and by different mechanisms. Studies of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) establishment and release by SCC-1 cohesin in mitotically proliferating yeast and vertebrate cells showed that a protein called WAPL can open the cohesin ring, allowing cohesin to dissociate from chromosomes and preventing SCC establishment. The Eco1 acetyltransferase establishes SCC by acetylating Smc3, which prevents WAPL binding. In mitotic prophase, WAPL again promotes cohesin removal. The aim of our study is to determine whether ECO-1 and WAPL-1 function similarly to regulate the two functionally specialized meiotic cohesin complexes.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2015/1005/thumbnail.jp

Regulation of Sister Chromatid Cohesion by ECO-1 and WAPL-1 during meiosis and mitosis

Cohesin is a widely conserved, tetrameric protein complex that tethers replicated sister chromatids during meiosis and mitosis. Two cohesin subunits, SMC-1 and SMC-3, and a third subunit, the α-kleisin, form a ring proposed to encircle sister chromatids. Different kleisins associate with cohesin during mitosis and meiosis. SCC-1 is the mitotic kleisin. Meiotic cohesin can associate with either REC-8 or COH-3/4. REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins differ greatly in their functional properties, indicating that the kleisin determines meiotic cohesin function. Early in meiosis, REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins are triggered to become cohesive at different times and by different mechanisms. Later in meiosis, REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins are removed from chromosomes at different times and places and by different mechanisms. Studies of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) establishment and release by SCC-1 cohesin in mitotically proliferating yeast and vertebrate cells showed that a protein called WAPL can open the cohesin ring, allowing cohesin to dissociate from chromosomes and preventing SCC establishment. The Eco1 acetyltransferase establishes SCC by acetylating Smc3, which prevents WAPL binding. In mitotic prophase, WAPL again promotes cohesin removal. The aim of our study is to determine whether ECO-1 and WAPL-1 function similarly to regulate the two functionally specialized meiotic cohesin complexes.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2015/1005/thumbnail.jp

Case Reports : Topiramate, a concealed cause of severe metabolic acidosis

Severe metabolic acidosis is common among critically ill patients, and topiramate is a rare cause that may fail recognition. We report a lady with acute encephalopathy who had severe non-anion gap metabolic acidosis that served as the clue leading to suspicion and diagnosis of topiramate toxicity and was confirmed by elevated blood topiramate levels. Additionally, we provide a review of literature on all reported cases of topiramate toxicity. Keywords: Topiramate, metabolic acidosis, migraine, altered mental status, carbonic anhydrase.Includes bibliographical reference

Food and Housing Insecurity Screening Practices among UNMH Pediatric Providers

Introduction: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends food insecurity (FI) screening at all pediatric visits. Despite an existing EMR screening tool, how our pediatric providers screen FI and housing insecurity (HI) is unknown. Our objective was to collect formative data on FI and HI screening practices of UNMH pediatric providers to allow for the design of a quality improvement (QI) project. Methods: We performed a baseline cross-sectional survey with UNMH pediatric residents and attendings in May 2020. Results: Fifty-two individuals completed the survey (40.4% attendings, 59.6% residents). In inpatient settings, 67.8% of residents and 33.3% of attendings screen FI occasionally or only if pertinent to the chief complaint. For HI, 48.4% of residents and 33.3% of attendings screen occasionally or only if pertinent. In outpatient settings, 29.1% of residents and 5.3% of attendings screen FI occasionally or only if pertinent. For HI, 32.2% of residents and 15.8% of attendings screen occasionally or only if pertinent. When asked if they knew where to find the current EMR screening tool results, 61.3% of residents and 42.9% of attendings were unaware of the current screening tool. In terms of documentation, 58.1% of residents and 28.6% of attendings document FI occasionally or only if pertinent. For HI, 64.6% of residents and 28.6% of attendings document occasionally or only if pertinent. When asked where they document the screening, the “Social History” was the most commonly reported response for residents (83.3%) and “Assessment and Plan” for attendings (52.9%). Conclusion: We found that providers are unaware of current screening tools. Documentation practices are inconsistent. Based on these baseline results, our QI project will standardize the FI and HI screening and documentation practices in pediatric inpatient and outpatient settings

The Economic Feasibility of Forming A California Wheat Cooperative

Recent concerns relative to California farm gate prices for wheat and a lack of profitability in wheat production has been expressed by a group of California wheat growers. Their dissatisfaction has resulted in their consideration to form a California wheat grower cooperative. The cooperative would become the marketing agent for the growers and potentially allow growers to pool their production for greater market power as well as capture profits beyond the farm gate. Two feasibility issues are addressed by the study: 1) The organizational feasibility of forming the cooperative, and 2) The economic feasibility of a California wheat growers cooperative engaging in value-added marketing opportunities upstream from the farm gate that would result in increased the return to wheat grower production. The objective of the study was to evaluate those feasibilities

Mapping Regional Inundation with Spaceborne L-Band SAR

Shortly after the launch of ALOS PALSAR L-band SAR by the Japan Space Exploration Agency (JAXA), a program to develop an Earth Science Data Record (ESDR) for inundated wetlands was funded by NASA. Using established methodologies, extensive multi-temporal L-band ALOS ScanSAR data acquired bi-monthly by the PALSAR instrument onboard ALOS were used to classify the inundation state for South America for delivery as a component of this Inundated Wetlands ESDR (IW-ESDR) and in collaboration with JAXA’s ALOS Kyoto and Carbon Initiative science programme. We describe these methodologies and the final classification of the inundation state, then compared this with results derived from dual-season data acquired by the JERS-1 L-band SAR mission in 1995 and 1996, as well as with estimates of surface water extent measured globally every 10 days by coarser resolution sensors. Good correspondence was found when comparing open water extent classified from multi-temporal ALOS ScanSAR data with surface water fraction identified from coarse resolution sensors, except in those regions where there may be differences in sensitivity to widespread and shallow seasonal flooding event, or in areas that could be excluded through use of a continental-scale inundatable mask. It was found that the ALOS ScanSAR classification of inundated vegetation was relatively insensitive to inundated herbaceous vegetation. Inundation dynamics were examined using the multi-temporal ALOS ScanSAR acquisitions over the Pacaya-Samiria and surrounding areas in the Peruvian Amazon

The influence of community factors on the engagement of residents in place promotion: Empirical evidence from an Italian heritage site

The engagement of community residents in place promotion is increasingly recognized as desirable for ensuring effective and reliable communication with tourists. The study investigated the effects of community factors on residents' engagement in the promotion of an Italian heritage site. Community commitment, environmental attitudes, and perceptions of the effectiveness of existing place marketing communications were found to be decisive in influencing residents' engagement in the promotion of the Amalfi Coast. The paper helps to shed light on collaboration in place promotion, thus enriching the debate on the ambassadorship role of residents and suggesting useful insights for policy makers/destination management organization

Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Year Fractional Surface Water Data Set Derived from Active/Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Data

The sensitivity of Earth’s wetlands to observed shifts in global precipitation and temperature patterns and their ability to produce large quantities of methane gas are key global change questions. We present a microwave satellite-based approach for mapping fractional surface water (FW) globally at 25-km resolution. The approach employs a land cover-supported, atmospherically-corrected dynamic mixture model applied to 20+ years (1992–2013) of combined, daily, passive/active microwave remote sensing data. The resulting product, known as Surface WAter Microwave Product Series (SWAMPS), shows strong microwave sensitivity to sub-grid scale open water and inundated wetlands comprising open plant canopies. SWAMPS’ FW compares favorably (R2 = 91%–94%) with higher-resolution, global-scale maps of open water from MODIS and SRTM-MOD44W. Correspondence of SWAMPS with open water and wetland products from satellite SAR in Alaska and the Amazon deteriorates when exposed wetlands or inundated forests captured by the SAR products were added to the open water fraction reflecting SWAMPS’ inability to detect water underneath the soil surface or beneath closed forest canopies. Except for a brief period of drying during the first 4 years of observation, the inundation extent for the global domain excluding the coast was largely stable. Regionally, inundation in North America is advancing while inundation is on the retreat in Tropical Africa and North Eurasia. SWAMPS provides a consistent and long-term global record of daily FW dynamics, with documented accuracies suitable for hydrologic assessment and global change-related investigations

Status Report of the DPHEP Study Group: Towards a Global Effort for Sustainable Data Preservation in High Energy Physics

Data from high-energy physics (HEP) experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are mostly unique. An inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis was convened as a panel of the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA). The group was formed by large collider-based experiments and investigated the technical and organisational aspects of HEP data preservation. An intermediate report was released in November 2009 addressing the general issues of data preservation in HEP. This paper includes and extends the intermediate report. It provides an analysis of the research case for data preservation and a detailed description of the various projects at experiment, laboratory and international levels. In addition, the paper provides a concrete proposal for an international organisation in charge of the data management and policies in high-energy physics