Images of creation and evil in the Book of Job

This study examines the problems of theodicy and creation in the book of Job through an exploration of some of its most important images and exegesis of the principal passages in which they occur. Four main areas of imagery: Death, the Chaos Monster, Creation and Law are explored, drawing on illustrative material especially from other parts of the Old Testament and from the Ugaritic texts. An introductory chapter sets out the guidelines for the study and analyses the relationship of imagery to mythology and Theology. It is argued that the problem of evil and suffering in Job is inextricably linked with the doctrine of creation and the legal framework of the heavenly court in which the book is set. Chapters 2-7 explore the images of Death and Supernatural evil. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the theme of Death and argue that contextually, linguistically and thematically Behemoth is to be identified with Mot, god of Death. Chapters 4 and 5 make a similar analysis of the Leviathan figure and argue his identity with the Satan of the Prose Tale. Annotated translations and detailed exegeses of the Behemoth passage (Ch. 40:15-24) and the Leviathan passage (Ch. 40:25-Ch. 41:26) form a major part of the argument. Chapter 6 looks at the figure of Rahab and briefly comments on Apocryphal and Rabbinic treatments of the subject. Chapter 7 discusses the imagery of the sea and the sea god. Chapters 8 and 9 examine the basic framework in which these images operate. Chapter 8 looks at Creation Imagery, exploring especially Job Chapters 28 and 39. Chapter 9 looks at legal imagery through an analysis of the 'witness' passages in Chapters 9, 16 and 19, with an annotated translation of the go'el passage (Ch. 19:20-27). Chapter 10 suggests three areas in which the study could be taken further: the study of the book of Job itself; issues in Old Testament Theology and areas of Pastoral Theology

Annotated article by Andrew Fyall to Daily Express, London, 29 September 1962

Article describes deteriorating situation on Oxford campus.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/west_union_med/1095/thumbnail.jp

Reaching Out to Occupational Therapists

Accessible tourism is a growing area of tourism research. The belief that all tourism facilities, products, and services should be accessible to those with disabilities drives research in tourism ethics and sustainability. However, a key voice is being ignored. Occupational therapists play a critical role in enabling people with disabilities to participate in the activities of daily life, including leisure. Dr. Alan Fyall believes it is time for interdisciplinary research with occupational therapists to properly understand accessible tourism

Vulnerability and Resilience in a Tourism Destination

In an industry that is critically vulnerable to hazards, some destinations are hit harder than others by the same or similar events. UCF Rosen College of Hospitality Management researchers, Dr. Sergio Alvarez and Dr. Alan Fyall, have developed a conceptual model that sees the destination\u27s vulnerability as the sum of its physical, social-cultural, economic, ecological/environmental, and institutional vulnerabilities, nestled within its level of exposure to different hazards. Their framework offers to better equip destination management organizations (DMOs) by identifying vulnerabilities and facilitating more effective planning and decision making

Collaborative destination marketing at the local level:Benefits bundling and the changing role of the local tourism association

In a number of countries, local tourism associations (LTAs) are being expected to adopt the destination marketing role formerly attributed to regional-level destination marketing organisations (DMOs), which are presently either being actively dissolved or targeted for closure. Destination marketing can, however, be understood to be a public good (or, more precisely, a public service), which would generally prevent its provision by a subscription-based organisation such as an LTA. This is due to the presence of a strong ‘free-rider’ incentive for non-subscribers. The findings of this study show that LTAs in the UK have been able to overcome this ‘free rider’ effect by creating bundles of private and public benefits, the former being the benefits offered by the LTA in its traditional role as a trade representative body and the latter being the benefits associated with its newly acquired role as a local DMO. A qualitative–interpretive approach is adopted, using data gathered from LTA websites. While the conclusions are based on the UK policy context, it can be argued that the UK is a good analogue for other contexts. As such, the efforts of LTAs based in the UK to adapt to their new role are instructive for LTAs more generally

Leveraging nation branding opportunities through sport mega-events.

Purpose – This paper aims to indicate a shift in focus from legacy to the leveraging of event impacts, and previous papers have indicated a growing awareness of the brand-related legacies associated with sport mega-events for a host nation. However, none have explored this in relation to the strategic activities of nation brand stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – The case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup was selected, as this host nation clearly stated its aim of using the sport mega-event to develop its brand. A qualitative study explored the insights of selected, definitive nation brand stakeholders and experts, elicited using in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n = 27) that took place two to three years post the event. Findings – A thematic analysis clustered the leveraging imperatives into seven key strategic focus areas, namely, the media, local citizens, stakeholder partnerships, the tourism experience, design, sustainable development and urban transformation and event hosting. Research limitations/implications – This paper is not an audit of leveraging activities nor does it assess the costs of leveraging. The focus on a specific case has allowed for an in-depth analysis, although, for greater transferability of these findings, it is recommended that further comparative studies be conducted, especially in emerging nation contexts. Practical implications – The paper identifies key strategic focus areas as well as examples of practical activities for leveraging mega-events to gain and sustain nation brand benefits. In particular, stakeholders are urged to plan and budget for leveraging before, during and especially post an event. Social implications – In light of the critique of mega-events linked to their social impacts and costs, this paper recommends leveraging focus areas, and especially the mobilisation of citizen support, that can assist the realisation of positive social outcomes. Originality/value – The paper adds to the emerging discourse of nation branding, highlighting opportunities derived through sport mega-events and assisting brand stakeholders to leverage such opportunities more effectively

The Intersection of Nonprofit Roles and Public Policy Implementation

Many nonprofit organizations implement policy through service delivery. In addition, these nonprofits serve other roles in their communities. Policy implementation strategies that overlook the many roles nonprofits play may misunderstand implementation challenges or fail to maximize the benefits of public-nonprofits partnerships. We aim to inform policy implementation by presenting a narrative that explores the intersection of these nonprofit roles and policy implementation through nonprofit service delivery. We situate this focus on nonprofits as policy implementers within a framework of nonprofit roles. We present commentary that integrates policy implementation and nonprofit roles by focusing on four themes: nonprofit role simultaneity, service delivery/policy implementation perceptual asymmetry, nonprofit roles over time, and network participation. Accounting for this multidimensionality can help government actors facilitate partnerships that enable service delivery while also recognizing what nonprofits do independent of their formal arrangements with governments

Sport Mega-Events And Nation Branding: Unique Characteristics Of The 2010 FIFA World Cup, South Africa

Background & purpose – Sport mega-events have received much criticism of late. However, there has been increasing awareness of the brand-related benefits from hosting a sport mega event, with their hosting being a deliberate policy for many nations, most notably among emerging nations. One such nation is South Africa, which explicitly stated its nation branding ambitions through the staging of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Through this single case, this paper identifies the unique characteristics of the sport mega-event that were leveraged for benefits of nation branding. Design/methodology/approach – An interpretivist, qualitative study explored the insights of nation brand stakeholders and experts, elicited using in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n=27) undertaken two-to-three years after the staging of the event. Findings – Three characteristics of the 2010 sport mega-event were deemed by stakeholders to be unique in creating nation branding opportunities, namely: i) the scale of the event that created opportunities for transformational development; ii) the global appeal, connection and attachment of the event; and iii) the symbolic status of the event that was leveraged for internal brand building and public diplomacy. The paper proposes that while sport mega events provide nation branding opportunities, the extent of these benefits may vary according to the context of the nation brand with lesser-known, troubled or emerging brands seemingly having the most to gain. Originality/value - While acknowledging the critique of mega-events, this paper highlights a pertinent example of an emerging nation that leveraged the potential of a sport mega-event for nation branding gains. It extends the understanding of sport mega-events and their potential for nation branding

Revenue Management for Hospitality and Tourism

xii, 255 p. ; 26 cm

Literary tourism: Opportunities and challenges for the marketing and branding of destinations?

This paper revisits the phenomenon of literary tourism and explores the means by which destinations can leverage benefit in the form of destination branding and marketing strategies. The paper commences with an overview of the typologies used to categorise the phenomenon and to outline the various forms it takes in the particular geographic context of the UK. The extent to which literary tourism is a sub-set of cultural and heritage tourism is then explored with the migration from niche to mass tourism opportunity an emerging trend. With regard to literary places, the study identifies author-related, fictional-related, book and festival related forms of literary tourism. Thereafter the study critiques further the migration from niche to mass tourism, the move from cultural and heritage tourism to international literary themed development, the collaborative development of literary destination products and experiences, opportunities for destination brand development and finally broader policy and wider local visitor management issues. The study concludes by advocating a collaborative approach to future literary tourism development with collaboration needing to be consistent with the desired target markets of each stakeholder, consistent with existing brands and perhaps most importantly, sustainable in the longer term. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd