Predictors of increasing BMI during the course of diabetes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: data from the German/Austrian DPV multicentre survey

Objective: Increased weight gain has been reported prior to disease onset (accelerator hypothesis) and as a side effect of intensified insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Paediatric studies are complicated by the age-dependency and gender-dependency of BMI, and also by a trend towards obesity in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors related to the increase in BMI during the course of diabetes in children and adolescents with T1D in a large multicentre survey. Design: Within the DPV database (Diabetespatienten Verlaufsdokumentation) a standardised, prospective, computer-based documentation programme, data of 53 108 patients with T1D, aged <20 years, were recorded in 248 centres. 12 774 patients (53% male, mean age 13.4+/-3.9, mean diabetes duration 4.7+/-3.0 years and mean age at diabetes onset 8.7+/-4.0 years) were included in this analysis. Population-based German reference data were used to calculate BMI-SDS and define overweight and obesity. Results: 12.5% of T1D patients were overweight and 2.8% were obese. Multiple longitudinal regression analysis revealed that female gender, low BMI at diabetes onset, intensified insulin therapy and higher insulin dose, as well as pubertal diabetes onset, long diabetes duration and onset in earlier calendar years among girls, were related to higher BMI-SDS increase during the course of diabetes (p<0.01; all). Conclusions: Intensified insulin regimen is associated with weight gain during T1D treatment, in addition to demographic variables. Optimisation of diabetes management, especially in females, might limit weight gain in order to reduce overweight and obesity together with comorbidities among paediatric T1D patients

Professionell beraten: Qualtätsstandards für die Beratung in Bildung, Beruf und Beschäftigung

Gute Beratung in Bildung, Beruf und Beschäftigung braucht anerkannte Standards. Die neu entwickelten BeQu-Standards definieren Qualitätsanforderungen an gute Beratung, sich an Beratende, Führungskräfte in Beratungsorganisationen und verantwortliche politische Akteure richten. Mit den Standards können Ratsuchende die Qualität von Beratungsleistungen besser beurteilen. Beratende und Anbieter können die Qualität der eigenen Angebote überprüfen und verbessern. Für Entscheidungsträger in Politik und Verwaltung liefern sie Anhaltspunkte für die Steuerung und Finanzierung der von ihnen verantworteten Beratungsangebote.Good counselling and guidance for education, vocation and employment needs recognised standards in place. The newly developed BeQu standards define quality requirements for good counselling and guidance, which are aimed at guidance counsellors, managers of counselling organisations and relevant political actors. The standards will allow individuals seeking guidance to better judge the quality of guidance and counselling services. Counsellors and providers can assess and - where needed - improve the quality of their own offering. The standards furthermore offer decision-makers valuable pointers with regards to the control and financing of the guidance and counselling offers they provide

Multicultural Interdisciplinary Handbook: tools for learning history and geography in a multicultural perspective (MIH)

[ES] MIH project (Multicultural Interdisciplinary Handbook: tools for learning History and Geography in a multicultural perspective) is a Comenius Multilateral Project funded with support from the European Commission that has been developed from 2009 to 2011.Conceived from the idea of educating lower and upper Secondary School pupils in a process of construction of a European identity by involving them in the culture of other countries, MIH project meets this need by providing new methodological and ICT tools that could help teachers and pupils to plunge deeper into both cultures and languages of another nations via their History and Geography, and opens the way to introduce a European perspective in History and Geography school curricula and classroom activities

Factors associated with diversity, quantity and zoonotic potential of ectoparasites on urban mice and voles

Wild rodents are important hosts for tick larvae but co-infestations with other mites and insects are largely neglected. Small rodents were trapped at four study sites in Berlin, Germany, to quantify their ectoparasite diversity. Host-specific, spatial and temporal occurrence of ectoparasites was determined to assess their influence on direct and indirect zoonotic risk due to mice and voles in an urban agglomeration. Rodent-associated arthropods were diverse, including 63 species observed on six host species with an overall prevalence of 99%. The tick Ixodes ricinus was the most prevalent species, found on 56% of the rodents. The trapping location clearly affected the presence of different rodent species and, therefore, the occurrence of particular host-specific parasites. In Berlin, fewer temporary and periodic parasite species as well as non-parasitic species (fleas, chiggers and nidicolous Gamasina) were detected than reported from rural areas. In addition, abundance of parasites with low host-specificity (ticks, fleas and chiggers) apparently decreased with increasing landscape fragmentation associated with a gradient of urbanisation. In contrast, stationary ectoparasites, closely adapted to the rodent host, such as the fur mites Myobiidae and Listrophoridae, were most abundant at the two urban sites. A direct zoonotic risk of infection for people may only be posed by Nosopsyllus fasciatus fleas, which were prevalent even in the city centre. More importantly, peridomestic rodents clearly supported the life cycle of ticks in the city as hosts for their subadult stages. In addition to trapping location, season, host species, body condition and host sex, infestation with fleas, gamasid Laelapidae mites and prostigmatic Myobiidae mites were associated with significantly altered abundance of I. ricinus larvae on mice and voles. Whether this is caused by predation, grooming behaviour or interaction with the host immune system is unclear. The present study constitutes a basis to identify interactions and vector function of rodent-associated arthropods and their potential impact on zoonotic diseases

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer‐reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state‐of‐the‐art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.DFG, 389687267, Kompartimentalisierung, Aufrechterhaltung und Reaktivierung humaner Gedächtnis-T-Lymphozyten aus Knochenmark und peripherem BlutDFG, 80750187, SFB 841: Leberentzündungen: Infektion, Immunregulation und KonsequenzenEC/H2020/800924/EU/International Cancer Research Fellowships - 2/iCARE-2DFG, 252623821, Die Rolle von follikulären T-Helferzellen in T-Helferzell-Differenzierung, Funktion und PlastizitätDFG, 390873048, EXC 2151: ImmunoSensation2 - the immune sensory syste

Badisches Landrecht im Vergleich zum Code Civil

Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Vergleich der französischen Zivilrechtskodifikation, dem Code Civil und dem badischen Landrecht. Es soll der Weg aufgezeigt werden, wie das französische Recht in Deutschland Einzug gehalten hat.Zu Beginn wird die Vorgeschichte Badens und die Entwicklung dieser Region im Mittelalter unter der Ägide des Markgrafen Christoph I. behandelt, sowie herausgearbeitet wie es zur Spaltung der Kernlande selbst kam und wie sich die Gebiete daraufhin unterschiedlich rechtlich entwickelten. Im Anschluss daran wird näher auf den Code Civil selbst eingegangen. Es werden die revolutionären Umbrüche, die kurz vor der Machtergreifung Napoleons in Frankreich vorherrschten beschrieben und die Entstehungsgeschichte des Codes, sowie dessen Inhalt dargestellt. Außerdem wird die Weiterentwicklung des Gesetzbuches kurz skizziert, sowie dessen grenzüberschreitende Verbreitung. Daraufhin wird die Einführung des Code Civil in Baden behandelt. Zunächst wird der Einfluss des Markgrafen Karl Friedrich I. auf die Grafschaft erklärt und wie er dafür sorgte, dass sich sein Herrschaftsgebiet erstens durch die Wiedervereinigung der Kernlande und zweitens durch zahlreiche Gebietsgewinne Stück für Stück vergrößerte. Dies führte zu einem rechtlichen Durcheinander, welches schlussendlich von Johann Friedrich Brauer durch die modifizierte Einführung des Code Civil beseitigt wurde. Dieses war sodann als badisches Landrecht bekannt.Den Abschluss dieser Arbeit bildet die direkte Gegenüberstellung beider Kodifikationen. Die Werke werden verglichen und die zahlreichen Unterschiede aufgezeigt, sodass ersichtlich wird dass es sich dabei um zwei völlig autarke Gesetzesbücher handelt.This thesis deals with the comparison of the French civil law codification, the Civil Code and the Baden land rights. It shows how French law has been introduced in Germany.At the beginning I describe the prehistory of Baden and the development of this region in the Middle Ages under the aegis of Margrave Christoph I..I worked out how the main country got divided into two parts and how the areas subsequently developed differently in law.The next chapter brings you a closer look at the Code Civil itself. It describes the revolutionary upheavals just before Napoleon got the power in France. In addition, the development of the Code is briefly outlined, as well as its transnational dissemination.Furthermore the thesis approaches the implementation of the Civil Code in Baden. I described the influence of the Margrave Karl Friedrich I. and how he made the reunion of the divided main country by numerous territorial gains. This resulted in a legal mess, which was finally eliminated by Johann Friedrich Brauer modified by the introduction of the Civil Code. This was then known as the Baden land rights.The conclusion of this thesis is the direct comparison of the two codifications. The code civil and the Baden land rights are compared, and I identify many differences, so it can be seen that these are two completely independent law books.von Susanne SchoberAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2014(VLID)24325

VDS38 Ressourcen-Defizit-Rating RDR als kognitiv-behaviorale Alternative zur OPD-Struktur-Achse in der Psychotherapie-Diagnostik und Zielanalyse

Die VDS38-RDR-Checkliste enthält Ressourcen-Variablen, die deutlich über die Verhaltenstheorie hinausgehen und grundsätzliche menschliche Fähigkeiten und Ressourcen darstellen, die Erkrankung versus Gesunderhaltung und Lebens- und Beziehungsqualität erfassen: Die Fähigkeit zur Selbstwahrnehmung, zur Selbststeuerung, Emotionsregulation, sozialen Wahrnehmung, Kommunikation, Abgrenzung, Bindung (Aufrechterhaltung einer Beziehung), zum Umgang mit Beziehungen, auch sich aus einer Beziehung zu lösen, zur Utilisierung von Ressourcen, zur Bewältigung krisenhafter Situationen und zur Leidenskapazität. An Umweltressourcen wird das Eingebunden sein in ein stabiles berufliches bzw. privates Umfeld sowie reale Chancen einer Veränderung. Sie stehen im Zusammenhang mit dem Grad der Mentalisierung, mit der Höhe der erreichten Entwicklungsstufe, mit weniger schwerer psychischer Erkrankung insbesondere weniger Depression sowie weniger dysfunktionalen Persönlichkeitszügen. Diese Ergebnisse bedürfen jedoch dringender empirischer Überprüfung. Wir können jedoch festhalten, dass die empirischen Daten die Aussage zulassen, dass VDS8-RDR eine kognitiv-behaviorale Alternative zur Strukturachse von OPD-2 ist – ohne die Metatheorie der Psychoanalyse zu benötigen