2,175 research outputs found
Comorbid conditions explain the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and incident cardiovascular disease
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ). Biopsychosocial factors associated with PTSD likely account for some or all of this association. We determined whether 1, or a combination of comorbid conditions explained the association between PTSD and incident CVD . Methods and Results Eligible patients used 1 of 5 Veterans Health Affairs medical centers distributed across the United States. Data were obtained from electronic health records. At index date, 2519 Veterans Health Affairs ( VA ) patients, 30 to 70 years of age, had PTSD diagnoses and 1659 did not. Patients had no CVD diagnoses for 12 months before index date. Patients could enter the cohort between 2008 and 2012 with follow-up until 2015. Age-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were computed before and after adjusting for comorbidities. Patients were middle aged (mean=50.1 years, SD ±11.0), mostly male (87.0%), and 60% were white. The age-adjusted association between PTSD and incident CVD was significant (hazard ratio=1.41; 95% CI : 1.21-1.63). After adjustment for metabolic conditions, the association between PTSD and incident CVD was attenuated but remained significant (hazard ratio=1.23; 95% CI : 1.06-1.44). After additional adjustment for smoking, sleep disorder, substance use disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression, PTSD was not associated with incident CVD (hazard ratio=0.96; 95% CI : 0.81-1.15). Conclusions PTSD is not an independent risk factor for CVD . Physical and psychiatric conditions and smoking that co-occur with PTSD explain why this patient population has an increased risk of CVD . Careful monitoring may limit exposure to CVD risk factors and subsequent incident CVD
Atypical and Severe Nonsuicidal Self-Injury as an Indicator of Severe Psychopathology: Findings From a Sample of High-Risk Community Mental Health Clients
This study examined whether atypical/severe nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI; e.g., foreign body ingestion, cutting necessitating sutures) serves as a marker of severe psychopathology among 467 adult community mental health clients (n = 33 with an atypical/severe NSSI history). Information regarding psychiatric risk indicators was extracted from participantsâ psychiatric records. Generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution and log link function, as well as chi-square tests, were used to address study aims. Clients with a lifetime atypical/severe NSSI history met criteria for a significantly greater number of psychiatric risk indicators than clients with a lifetime history of common NSSI only; however, these clients were not significantly more likely to report recent suicidal actions. Individuals with an atypical/severe NSSI history may demonstrate more severe psychopathology than those with a history of common NSSI only. Thus, it may be clinically useful to consider individuals with an atypical/severe NSSI history as a high-risk subgroup
py4DSTEM: a software package for multimodal analysis of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy datasets
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows for imaging,
diffraction, and spectroscopy of materials on length scales ranging from
microns to atoms. By using a high-speed, direct electron detector, it is now
possible to record a full 2D image of the diffracted electron beam at each
probe position, typically a 2D grid of probe positions. These 4D-STEM datasets
are rich in information, including signatures of the local structure,
orientation, deformation, electromagnetic fields and other sample-dependent
properties. However, extracting this information requires complex analysis
pipelines, from data wrangling to calibration to analysis to visualization, all
while maintaining robustness against imaging distortions and artifacts. In this
paper, we present py4DSTEM, an analysis toolkit for measuring material
properties from 4D-STEM datasets, written in the Python language and released
with an open source license. We describe the algorithmic steps for dataset
calibration and various 4D-STEM property measurements in detail, and present
results from several experimental datasets. We have also implemented a simple
and universal file format appropriate for electron microscopy data in py4DSTEM,
which uses the open source HDF5 standard. We hope this tool will benefit the
research community, helps to move the developing standards for data and
computational methods in electron microscopy, and invite the community to
contribute to this ongoing, fully open-source project
High-resolution Near-Infrared Images and Models of the Circumstellar Disk in HH 30
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-object
Spectrometer (NICMOS) observations of the reflection nebulosity associated with
the T Tauri star HH 30. The images show the scattered light pattern
characteristic of a highly inclined, optically thick disk with a prominent
dustlane whose width decreases with increasing wavelength. The reflected
nebulosity exhibits a lateral asymmetry in the upper lobe on the opposite side
to that reported in previously published Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2)
images. The radiation transfer model which most closely reproduces the data has
a flared accretion disk with dust grains larger than standard interstellar
medium grains by a factor of approximately 2.1. A single hotspot on the stellar
surface provides the necessary asymmetry to fit the images and is consistent
with previous modeling of the light curve and images. Photometric analysis
results in an estimated extinction of Av>~80; however, since the photometry
measures only scattered light rather than direct stellar flux, this a lower
limit. The radiative transfer models require an extinction of Av = 7,900.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap.
New Constraints on Cosmic Reionization from the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field Campaign
Understanding cosmic reionization requires the identification and
characterization of early sources of hydrogen-ionizing photons. The 2012 Hubble
Ultra Deep Field (UDF12) campaign has acquired the deepest infrared images with
the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard Hubble Space Telescope and, for the first time,
systematically explored the galaxy population deep into the era when cosmic
microwave background (CMB) data indicates reionization was underway. The UDF12
campaign thus provides the best constraints to date on the abundance,
luminosity distribution, and spectral properties of early star-forming
galaxies. We synthesize the new UDF12 results with the most recent constraints
from CMB observations to infer redshift-dependent ultraviolet (UV) luminosity
densities, reionization histories, and electron scattering optical depth
evolution consistent with the available data. Under reasonable assumptions
about the escape fraction of hydrogen ionizing photons and the intergalactic
medium clumping factor, we find that to fully reionize the universe by redshift
z~6 the population of star-forming galaxies at redshifts z~7-9 likely must
extend in luminosity below the UDF12 limits to absolute UV magnitudes of
M_UV\sim -13 or fainter. Moreover, low levels of star formation extending to
redshifts z~15-25, as suggested by the normal UV colors of z\simeq7-8 galaxies
and the smooth decline in abundance with redshift observed by UDF12 to
z\simeq10, are additionally likely required to reproduce the optical depth to
electron scattering inferred from CMB observations.Comment: Version accepted by ApJ (originally submitted Jan 5, 2013). The UDF12
website can be found at http://udf12.arizona.ed
Two close large quasar groups of size ⌠350 Mpc at
The Clowes & Campusano large quasar group (LQG) atâinline imageâhas been re-examined using the quasar data from the DR7QSO catalogue of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In the 1991 discovery, the LQG impinged on the northern, southern and eastern limits of the survey. In the DR7QSO data, the western, northern and southern boundaries of the LQG remain essentially the same, but an extension eastwards of âŒ2° is indicated. In the DR7QSO data, the LQG has 34 members, withâinline image. A new group of 38 members is indicated atâinline imageâand within âŒ2bsl000640 of the Clowes & Campusano LQG. The characteristic sizes of these two LQGs, âŒ350â400 Mpc, appear to be only marginally consistent with the scale of homogeneity in the concordance cosmology. In addition to their intrinsic interest, these two LQGs provide locations in which to investigate early large-scale structure in galaxies and to identify high-zâclusters. A method is presented for assessing the statistical significance and overdensity of groups found by linkage of points
A Large, Uniform Sample of X-ray Emitting AGN from the ROSAT All-Sky and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: the Data Release 5 Sample
We describe further results of a program aimed to yield ~10^4 fully
characterized optical identifications of ROSAT X-ray sources. Our program
employs X-ray data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS), and both optical
imaging and spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
RASS/SDSS data from 5740 deg^2 of sky spectroscopically covered in SDSS Data
Release 5 (DR5) provide an expanded catalog of 7000 confirmed quasars and other
AGN that are probable RASS identifications. Again in our expanded catalog, the
identifications as X-ray sources are statistically secure, with only a few
percent of the SDSS AGN likely to be randomly superposed on unrelated RASS
X-ray sources. Most identifications continue to be quasars and Seyfert 1s with
15<m<21 and 0.01<z<4; but the total sample size has grown to include very
substantial numbers of even quite rare AGN, e.g., now including several
hundreds of candidate X-ray emitting BL Lacs and narrow-line Seyfert 1
galaxies. In addition to exploring rare subpopulations, such a large total
sample may be useful when considering correlations between the X-ray and the
optical, and may also serve as a resource list from which to select the "best"
object (e.g., X-ray brightest AGN of a certain subclass, at a preferred
redshift or luminosity) for follow-on X-ray spectral or alternate detailed
studies.Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ; 32 pages, including 11 figures, and 6
example table
Association of Inactive Myostatin in Piedmontese-Influenced Steers and Heifers on Performance and Carcass Traits at Different Endpoints
Performance and carcass traits were evaluated using Piedmontese-influenced calf-fed steers and yearling heifers genotyped for zero, one, or two copies (homozygous active, heterozygous, or homozygous inactive, respectively) of the inactive myostatin allele. Steers and heifers had similar responses across genotypes in performance and carcass traits evaluated at different endpoints. Inactive myostatin decreased DMI, final BW (live), and ADG (live). Increased dressing percentage resulted in increased carcass-adjusted ADG and improved feed conversion for cattle with inactive myostatin. Cattle with inactive myostatin are leaner with larger LM area when finished to equal carcass weight
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