1,036 research outputs found

    Panelerhebungen der amtlichen Statistik als Datenquellen für die Sozialwissenschaften

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    Paneldaten haben gegenüber Querschnittsdaten zahlreiche Vorteile. Amtliche Daten sind zudem eine wichtige Quelle für die Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Viele amtliche Datenerhebungen sind als Panel konzipiert und durchgeführt oder können zu Panels zusammengefügt werden. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Panelerhebungen oder zu Panels aufbereiteten Einzeldatensätze der deutschen amtlichen Statistik und beschreibt Erhebungsinhalte, Stichprobe sowie Zugangsmöglichkeiten. Panel data have numerous advantages to cross sectional data. Data from official statistical offices (and other public authorities) are a valuable data source for the social and economic sciences. Many of these data originally are panel data (or can be combined to form panel data). This article gives an overview over panel surveys and panel data conducted by German public authorities, describing topic and contents, sampling and access to these data.Paneldaten, amtliche Statistik, Datenzugang panel data, offcial statistics, data access

    O-GlcNAcase:promiscuous hexosaminidase or key regulator of O-GlcNAc signalling?

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    O-GlcNAc signaling is regulated by an opposing pair of enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase installs and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification from proteins. The dynamics and regulation of this process are only beginning to be understood as the physiological functions of both enzymes are being probed using genetic and pharmacological approaches. This minireview charts the discovery and functional and structural analysis of OGA and summarizes the insights gained from recent studies using OGA inhibition, gene knock-out, and overexpression. We identify several areas of “known unknowns” that would benefit from future research, such as the enigmatic C-terminal domain of OGA

    Dual functionality of <i>O</i>-GlcNAc transferase is required for <i>Drosophila </i>development

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    Post-translational modification of intracellular proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) catalysed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) has been linked to regulation of diverse cellular functions. OGT possesses a C-terminal glycosyltransferase catalytic domain and N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeats that are implicated in protein–protein interactions. Drosophila OGT (DmOGT) is encoded by super sex combs (sxc), mutants of which are pupal lethal. However, it is not clear if this phenotype is caused by reduction of O-GlcNAcylation. Here we use a genetic approach to demonstrate that post-pupal Drosophila development can proceed with negligible OGT catalysis, while early embryonic development is OGT activity-dependent. Structural and enzymatic comparison between human OGT (hOGT) and DmOGT informed the rational design of DmOGT point mutants with a range of reduced catalytic activities. Strikingly, a severely hypomorphic OGT mutant complements sxc pupal lethality. However, the hypomorphic OGT mutant-rescued progeny do not produce F2 adults, because a set of Hox genes is de-repressed in F2 embryos, resulting in homeotic phenotypes. Thus, OGT catalytic activity is required up to late pupal stages, while further development proceeds with severely reduced OGT activity

    STIMULATION OF IGG ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN VITRO BY T CELL-REPLACING FACTOR

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    A soluble factor (TRF) produced by mixtures of allogeneic mouse spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells functionally replaces T cells in a primary IgM antibody response to sheep blood cells in vitro. It is now shown that TRF can also reconstitute an IgG antibody response in T cell-deprived spleen cultures derived from preimmunized mice. The optimal time of addition and the amount of TRF required differ between primary and secondary in vitro systems

    Auswirkungen eines ausgewählten Bewegungsprogrammes auf das Selbstkonzept, dem Körperkonzept, dem Essverhalten und Depressionen adipöser Kinder und Jugendlichen

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    Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter steigt in den westlichen Industrieländern an. Mit zunehmendem Alter wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Persistenz der Adipositas ins Erwachsenenalter höher. Die Ätiologie der Adipositas ist komplex, sowohl genetische als auch Umweltfaktoren spielen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Adipositas und das Übergewicht entstehen durch ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen Energiezufuhr und Energieverbrauch. Somit scheinen die mangelnde Bewegung und insbesondere die Bevorzugung inaktiver Freizeitbeschäftigungen maßgeblich an dieser Entwicklung beteiligt zu sein. Obgleich inzwischen die Risikofaktoren der Entstehung von Übergewicht und Adipositas gut charakterisiert sind, konnten bisher nur wenige Interventionsstudien zur Prävention der Adipositas und dem Übergewicht langfristig Erfolge verzeichnen. In dieser Arbeit sollen grundlegende Daten und Fakten zur Adipositas im Kindesalter aufgezeigt werden. Die folgende Studie untersuchte bei 22 übergewichtigen Kindern (im Alter zwischen 9 und 16 Jahren) die psychosozialen Belastungen innerhalb eines 6 – wöchigen Bewegungsprogramms. Die Kinder und Jugendlichen beantworteten ein Fragebogenpaket mit folgenden Instrumenten: DTK (Depressionen), KSK (Selbstkonzept), PSDQ - D(Körperkonzept) und EDI (Essverhalten). Die Ergebnisse wurden anhand der Fragebögen diskutiert.The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing in westerly industrialised countries. With increasing age, the probability of the persistence of obesity until adulthood grows. The etiologic of obesity is complicated, both genetic and environmental factors play a special role. Obesity and overweight are the result of a mismatch between energy intake and output. Therefore, physical inactivity and the preference of sedentary habits are mainly responsible for this development. Although risk profile and lifestyle factors leading to development of obesity and overweight are well characterized; there is still a lack of sufficient prevention strategies. The objective of this paper is to provide basic information about childhood obesity. The following study explored the psychosocial strains in 6 weeks 22 overweight children (aged 9 to 16 years). Children and adolescents filled in a set of questionnaires including the DTK (depressions), KSK (self concept), PSDQ – D (body concept) and EDI (eating disturbance). The results are discussed with the different questionnaires

    UDP-GlcNAc Analogues as Inhibitors of O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT):Spectroscopic, Computational, and Biological Studies

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    A series of glycomimetics of UDP-GlcNAc, in which the β-phosphate has been replaced by either an alkyl chain or a triazolyl ring and the sugar moiety has been replaced by a pyrrolidine ring, has been synthesized by the application of different click-chemistry procedures. Their affinities for human O-GlcNAc transferase (hOGT) have been evaluated and studied both spectroscopically and computationally. The binding epitopes of the best ligands have been determined in solution by means of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Experimental, spectroscopic, and computational results are in agreement, pointing out the essential role of the binding of β-phosphate. We have found that the loss of interactions from the β-phosphate can be counterbalanced by the presence of hydrophobic groups at a pyrroline ring acting as a surrogate of the carbohydrate unit. Two of the prepared glycomimetics show inhibition at a micromolar level

    Varianzschätzung für Mikrozensus Scientific Use Files ab 2005

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    "Mit der Umstellung des Mikrozensus ab 2005 auf eine kontinuierliche Erhebung mit gleitender Berichtswoche sind auch die bei der Hochrechnung der Stichprobenergebnisse angewendeten Verfahren modifiziert worden. Nach der Darstellung des Stichprobendesigns des Mikrozensus und der Modifikationen wird beschrieben, wie mit den Scientific Use Files des Mikrozensus ab 2005 der Stichprobenfehler mit freier Hochrechnung (Designgewichtung) und gebundener Hochrechnung (Anpassungsgewichtung, Kalibrierung) für Gesamt- und Anteilswerte geschätzt werden kann." (Autorenreferat)"Starting in 2005 the German Microcensus was organized as a continuous survey with a moving reference week. In 2005 the procedures used to estimate statistical population parameters have also been modified. After the presentation of the sampling design and the recent modifications the paper shows how sampling errors for totals and ratios using the Microcensus Scientific Use Files from 2005 can be estimated using design weights as well as calibration weights." (author's abstract
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