618 research outputs found
Beamforming por meio de codebook para transmissÔes em canais de ondas milimétricas
Trabalho de ConclusĂŁo Curso (graduação)âUniversidade de BrasĂlia, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia ElĂ©trica, 2019.O avanço de tecnologias de uso diĂĄrio, com mĂșltiplos dispositivos pessoais conectados
Ă mesma rede, transmissĂ”es de vĂdeo em tempo real, trĂĄfego de dados massivos entre
dispositivos, entre outros, tem revelado a demanda por padrÔes de comunicação mais robustos
e capazes de suportar diversas aplicaçÔes.
Uma possĂvel solução para esta demanda Ă© a utilização de padrĂ”es de transmissĂŁo em
canais de ondas milimĂ©tricas (mmW), espectro de radiofrequĂȘncia que abrange, em geral, as
frequĂȘncias de 30 GHz a 300 GHz. Estas frequĂȘncias possibilitam transmissĂ”es de alta
capacidade, por permitirem largura de banda superior aos padrÔes atualmente utilizados, com
taxas de transferĂȘncia que podem atingir a ordem de Gbps. HĂĄ, contudo, problemas intrĂnsecos
Ă s faixas de frequĂȘncia mais altas, como a alta absorção destas no espaço livre.
O presente trabalho apresenta, portanto, o estudo do uso da técnica de beamforming, ou
conformação de feixes, como proposta para solucionar o problema de baixo ganho em padrÔes
de comunicaçÔes móveis do tipo mmW, associado ao uso de livros código (codebooks).The advancement of everyday technologies with multiple personal devices connected to
the same network, real-time video transmissions, massive data traffic between devices, among
others, has revealed the demand for more robust communication standards capable of
supporting diverse applications.
One possible solution for this demand is the use of millimeter wave (mmW)
transmission standards, which are, generally speaking, radio frequencies that spam from 30
GHz to 300 GHz. These frequencies enable high capacity transmissions, as they allow higher
bandwidth than current standards, with transfer rates that can reach the magnitude of Gbps.
There are, however, intrinsic problems to the higher frequency bands, such as the high free
space absorption.
This work presents, therefore, the study of the beamforming technique, as a means of
partially solving the problem of low gain in mobile communications standards of type mmW,
associated with the use of codebooks
A galaxy-halo model of large-scale structure
We present a new, galaxy-halo model of large-scale structure, in which the
galaxies entering a given sample are the fundamental objects. Haloes attach to
galaxies, in contrast to the standard halo model, in which galaxies attach to
haloes. The galaxy-halo model pertains mainly to the relationships between the
power spectra of galaxies and mass, and their cross-power spectrum. With
surprisingly little input, an intuition-aiding approximation to the
galaxy-matter cross-correlation coefficient R(k) emerges, in terms of the halo
mass dispersion. This approximation seems valid to mildly non-linear scales (k
< ~3 h/Mpc), allowing measurement of the bias and the matter power spectrum
from measurements of the galaxy and galaxy-matter power spectra (or correlation
functions). This is especially relevant given the recent advances in precision
in measurements of the galaxy-matter correlation function from weak
gravitational lensing. The galaxy-halo model also addresses the issue of
interpreting the galaxy-matter correlation function as an average halo density
profile, and provides a simple description of galaxy bias as a function of
scale.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS. Minor changes, suggested by
refere
Covariance of dark energy parameters and sound speed constraints from large HI surveys
An interesting probe of the nature of dark energy is the measure of its sound
speed, . We review the significance for constraining sound speed models of
dark energy using large neutral hydrogen (HI) surveys with the Square Kilometre
Array (SKA). Our analysis considers the effect on the sound speed measurement
that arises from the covariance of with the dark energy density,
\Omega_\LLambda, and a time-varying equation of state, .
We find that the approximate degeneracy between dark energy parameters that
arises in power spectrum observations is lifted through redshift tomography of
the HI-galaxy angular power spectrum, resulting in sound speed constraints that
are not severely degraded. The cross-correlation of the galaxy and the
integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect spectra contributes approximately 10
percent of the information that is needed to distinguish variations in the dark
energy parameters, and most of the discriminating signal comes from the galaxy
auto-correlation spectrum. We also find that the sound speed constraints are
weakly sensitive to the HI bias model. These constraints do not improve
substantially for a significantly deeper HI survey since most of the clustering
sensitivity to sound speed variations arises from z \lsim 1.5. A detection of
models with sound speeds close to zero, c_s \lsim 0.01, is possible for dark
energy models with w\gsim -0.9.Comment: submitted to MNRA
Effects of halo substructure on the power spectrum and bispectrum
We study the effects of halo substructure and a distribution in the
concentration parameter of haloes on large-scale structure statistics. The
effects on the power spectrum and bispectrum are studied on the smallest scales
accessible from future surveys. We compare halo-model predictions with results
based on N-body simulations, but also extend our predictions to 10-kpc scales
which will be probed by future simulations. We find that weak-lensing surveys
proposed for the coming decade can probe the power spectrum on small enough
scales to detect substructure in massive haloes. We discuss the prospects of
constraining the mass fraction in substructure in view of partial degeneracies
with parameters such as the tilt and running of the primordial power spectrum.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures; replaced with version published in MNRAS;
removed grey-scale versions of figures which were being included at the end
by the serve
Could Large CP Violation Be Detected at Colliders?
We argue that CP--violation effects below a few tenths of a percent are
probably undetectable at hadron and electron colliders. Thus only operators
whose contributions interfere with tree--level Standard Model amplitudes are
detectable. We list these operators for Standard Model external particles and
some two and three body final state reactions that could show detectable
effects. These could test electroweak baryogenesis scenarios.Comment: 11pp, LaTeX, UM--TH--92--27(massaged to make TeX output cleaner), no
picture
Cosmic microwave background and large scale structure limits on the interaction between dark matter and baryons
We study the effect on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy and
large scale structure (LSS) power spectrum of a scattering interaction between
cold dark matter and baryons. This scattering alters the CMB anisotropy and LSS
spectrum through momentum transfer between the cold dark matter particles and
the baryons. We find that current CMB observations can put an upper limit on
the scattering cross section which is comparable with or slightly stronger than
previous disk heating constraints at masses greater than 1 GeV, and much
stronger at smaller masses. When large-scale structure constraints are added to
the CMB limits, our constraint is more stringent than this previous limit at
all masses. In particular, a dark matter-baryon scattering cross section
comparable to the ``Spergel-Steinhardt'' cross section is ruled out for dark
matter mass greater than 1 GeV.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, use RevTeX4, submitted to PRD replaced with
revised versio
A Halo Model with Environment Dependence: Theoretical Considerations
We present a modification of the standard halo model with the goal of
providing an improved description of galaxy clustering. Recent surveys, like
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Anglo-Australian Two-degree survey
(2dF), have shown that there seems to be a correlation between the clustering
of galaxies and their properties such as metallicity and star formation rate,
which are believed to be environment-dependent. This environmental dependence
is not included in the standard halo model where the host halo mass is the only
variable specifying galaxy properties. In our approach, the halo properties
i.e., the concentration, and the Halo Occupation Distribution --HOD--
prescription, will not only depend on the halo mass (like in the standard halo
model) but also on the halo environment. We examine how different environmental
dependence of halo concentration and HOD prescription affect the correlation
function. We see that at the level of dark matter, the concentration of haloes
affects moderately the dark matter correlation function only at small scales.
However the galaxy correlation function is extremely sensitive to the HOD
details, even when only the HOD of a small fraction of haloes is modified.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Spatial based Expectation Maximizing (EM)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Expectation maximizing (EM) is one of the common approaches for image segmentation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>an improvement of the EM algorithm is proposed and its effectiveness for MRI brain image segmentation is investigated. In order to improve EM performance, the proposed algorithms incorporates neighbourhood information into the clustering process. At first, average image is obtained as neighbourhood information and then it is incorporated in clustering process. Also, as an option, user-interaction is used to improve segmentation results. Simulated and real MR volumes are used to compare the efficiency of the proposed improvement with the existing neighbourhood based extension for EM and FCM.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>the findings show that the proposed algorithm produces higher similarity index.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in compare to other existing algorithms on various noise levels.</p
Photospheric flux cancellation and associated flux rope formation and eruption
We study an evolving bipolar active region that exhibits flux cancellation at
the internal polarity inversion line, the formation of a soft X-ray sigmoid
along the inversion line and a coronal mass ejection. The evolution of the
photospheric magnetic field is described and used to estimate how much flux is
reconnected into the flux rope. About one third of the active region flux
cancels at the internal polarity inversion line in the 2.5~days leading up to
the eruption. In this period, the coronal structure evolves from a weakly to a
highly sheared arcade and then to a sigmoid that crosses the inversion line in
the inverse direction. These properties suggest that a flux rope has formed
prior to the eruption. The amount of cancellation implies that up to 60% of the
active region flux could be in the body of the flux rope. We point out that
only part of the cancellation contributes to the flux in the rope if the arcade
is only weakly sheared, as in the first part of the evolution. This reduces the
estimated flux in the rope to or less of the active region flux. We
suggest that the remaining discrepancy between our estimate and the limiting
value of of the active region flux, obtained previously by the flux
rope insertion method, results from the incomplete coherence of the flux rope,
due to nonuniform cancellation along the polarity inversion line. A hot linear
feature is observed in the active region which rises as part of the eruption
and then likely traces out field lines close to the axis of the flux rope. The
flux cancellation and changing magnetic connections at one end of this feature
suggest that the flux rope reaches coherence by reconnection shortly before and
early in the impulsive phase of the associated flare. The sigmoid is destroyed
in the eruption but reforms within a few hours after a moderate amount of
further cancellation has occurred.Comment: Astron. Astrophys., in pres
Corrigendum: Estimation of left ventricular end-systolic elastance from brachial pressure waveform via deep learning
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