Coexistence of Intrinic and Extrinsic Origins of Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in as Implanted and Thermally Annealed ZnO Films Probed by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

[[abstract]]The present work reports the structural and ferromagnetic properties of 200 KeV Ni 2+ ion implanted ZnO films before and after annealing at 650 °C in air and correlates these properties with their electronic structures. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Zn and Ni K-edges reveal that Zn metal cluster is absent in ZnO matrix, but there is an indication of clustering of Ni metal as a secondary phase. The XAS analysis of O K-edge shows (i) non-stoichiometric NiO segregation in as-implanted film and its absence/reduction in air annealed film, (ii) partial substitution of Ni 2+ ions at tetrahedral Zn sites, and (iii) presence of lattice defects such as oxygen vacancies in both films. The observed ferromagnetic behavior of as-implanted and air annealed films has both intrinsic as well as extrinsic origins. The intrinsic and extrinsic origins are discussed in terms of bound magnetic polaron model and presence of antiferromagnetic NiO phase/ferromagnetic Ni metal clusters, respectively.[[notice]]補正完畢[[booktype]]紙本[[booktype]]電子

PROTOTYPING A PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY-HARVESTING SYSTEM FROM THE SIMULATED MECHANICAL PULSATION OF A 3D-PRINTED HEART MODEL

Gemstone Team CARDIOIndividuals have to frequently undergo pacemaker replacement surgeries increasing the chance of surgical complications. A system was developed for an alternative energy source for pacemaker technology. We aimed to capture energy from the mechanical pulsation of a 3D-printed synthetic heart - as a viable simulation of a functional adult heart - using different types of piezoelectric materials. Our study evaluated maximum voltage captured by piezoelectric materials from pulsatile stimulation of the heart model. Initial tests generated 9V, suggesting that piezoelectric material is an adequate alternative energy source for pacemakers. Future investigation will aim to optimize the electrical and mechanical parameters of our system, laying the foundation for the development of a “heart-powered pacemaker.” Our research investigates the feasibility and mechanisms associated with harvesting mechanical motion from the heart itself, converting it into usable electrical energy, and evaluating whether this captured and converted energy is sufficient to power a commercially used cardiac pacemaker

Heterogeneous catalysis for sustainable biodiesel production via esterification and transesterification

Concern over the economics of accessing fossil fuel reserves, and widespread acceptance of the anthropogenic origin of rising CO2 emissions and associated climate change from combusting such carbon sources, is driving academic and commercial research into new routes to sustainable fuels to meet the demands of a rapidly rising global population. Here we discuss catalytic esterification and transesterification solutions to the clean synthesis of biodiesel, the most readily implemented and low cost, alternative source of transportation fuels to meet future societal demands

Wallenberg Lecture: Kailash Satyarthi

Introduction: Michael Kennedy. Medal Presentation: Mary Sue Coleman. The Wallenberg Lectures are presented by persons who have been awarded the University of Michigan's Wallenberg Medal, which recognizes individuals whose life and work in defense of human rights and dignity honors and perpetuates Raoul Wallenberg's extraordinary accomplishments.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89913/1/wallenberg-satyarthi.mp4http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89913/3/2002-WML-Kailash-Satyarthi.docDescription of 2002-WML-Kailash-Satyarthi.doc : Transcrip

Marche mondiale contre le travail des enfants

La lutte contre le travail des enfants en Inde est une longue histoire mais au cours de ces vingt dernières années elle a pris un élan nouveau par la découverte de la place des enfants dans les phénomènes de servitude pour dettes et l'engagement des milieux associatifs. Une coalition d’ONG, SACCS, agit directement en libérant des enfants et en les réhabilitant. Elle lance aussi une action internationale pour faire pression sur les décideurs politiques en créant le label de garantie Rugmark sur les tapis. Son outil privilégié pour sensibiliser le public est l’organisation de marches à travers le pays. Cette expérience et ses relations internationales amènent le lancement de la Marche mondiale contre le travail des enfants parcourant près de 90 pays pour converger sur Genève le 1er juin 1998 et rencontrer l’OIT qui prépare une nouvelle convention sur le travail des enfants.Satyarthi Kailash. Marche mondiale contre le travail des enfants. In: Recherches Internationales, n°50, 1997. pp. 121-131

ARITIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITALISATION OF WELFARE SERVICES AS A THREAT TO THE WELFARE STATE?

MASTER'SMaster of Laws (LLM

WHY TK INCOMPATIBLE WITH IPR: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

The global economy has gone through a great transformation in recent years .Worldwide integration of economy has provided new opportunities with many fresh challenges. In the post TRIPs and WTO era, various cases of patents and other IPR related issues show the new complexities for the countryside population which has sustained the cumulative body of knowledge, know-how, practices and representations known as TK for generations. Protecting the locality of products is imperative for any developing country. The fundamental concern of this paper is to underscore the incompatibilities between TK and IPRs in general (within some initiatives taken by India and Hungary) which has begun to surface with the rapid globalization and acceptance of concepts and standards for intellectual property. Paper traces steps taken for the protection of TK and argues for the wider protection of TK at WTO level

Head Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Genomics: Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes and Clinical Implications

Head Neck Squamous Cell Cancer is genomically heterogenous. Common somatic mutations involve TP53, CDKN2A, FAT1, NOTCH1, PIK3CA, KMT2D and NSD1, less frequently others. Epigenetic changes also contribute to HNSCC biology. Alterations in tumor suppressor genes is a major oncogenic event in HNSCC. Genomic heterogeneity exists between different subsites within head neck region and also between the primary and metastatic disease. Intratumor heterogeneity has also been recognized. Based on key genomic alterations, four major molecular subtypes have been identified. Multi-omics analysis has provided further insights into HNSCC biology and shed light on EGFR pathway and immunogenomics. Corelative genomics of tumor cells, stromal cells and immune cells have led to emergence of distinct immune molecular subtypes of HNSCC. Major tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have a correlation with prognosis, survival and treatment resistance. EGFR pathway is in focus for renewed understanding of resistance to EGFR targeted treatments and novel ways to target EGFR pathways. Increasingly genomic data is being leveraged towards clinical use including HNSCC prevention, prediction of metastases, survival and prognostication, fine tuning use of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, identifying patients for using immunotherapy, predicting drug resistance and gaining new information from radiological studies. Several novel targeted therapies are being pursued in clinical trials. Molecular co targeting strategies are being developed. Understanding the way tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes shape HNSCC biology and clinical behavior is bringing the much-needed therapeutic breakthrough in this tough to treat disease

Challenges and opportunities in biofuels production

174-185Biofuels are attractive alternative to petroleum diesel. They are renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon neutral and lead to reduced tailpipe emissions. This article presents the current state-of-art processes of their production and discusses the opportunities and future challenges in this area of research