Hysteroscopic and ultrasound evaluation of a novel degradable polymer film for the prevention of intrauterine adhesion formation after hysteroscopic surgery

•Womed Leaf is a degradable polymer film barrier for the prevention of intrauterine adhesions.•We captured a set of images for the first time that illustrates the behavior of DPF after insertion.•None of our participants reported adverse events in relation to Womed Leaf use.•Six weeks post hysteroscopic surgery and Womed Leaf insertion no film or synechiae were present. To collect information on the application and behavior of a novel degradable polymeric film (DPF) developed to prevent intra-uterine adhesions (IUAs) after hysteroscopic surgery. A prospective observational study conducted in a university hospital in Naples, Italy. Women undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy, metroplasty or adhesiolysis, were eligible for the study. Women had their uterine cavity assessed by transvaginal ultrasound scan before their hysteroscopic surgery, which was followed by the DPF insertion. Ultrasonographic and hysteroscopic assessments were undertaken immediately after insertion then at 2 h, 2–5 days, and 6 weeks postoperative. The main outcome of interest was to assess the behavior of the DPF, from insertion to degradation, by ultrasound and hysteroscopy. Other outcomes included ease of DPF insertion, any patient reported adverse events and the presence of IUAs at 6 weeks. A total of 15 patients were enrolled into the study. The DPF insertion was reported to be very easy in almost all the cases and was visualized immediately and 2 h after insertion in all patients. At the 2–5 day follow-up 5 and 2 of the 15 participants still had the entire or partially hydrolyzed film respectively. By 6 weeks there was no evidence of the DPF in all women. No adverse events were reported at the time of insertion or follow-up. None of the study participants had IUAs at the 6-week assessment. According to this pilot study, the solid degradable polymer film, Womed Leaf, is a promising, easy to apply and well tolerated novel option for the prevention of intrauterine adhesion formation after hysteroscopic surgery

studies on tursiops truncatus and stenella coeruleoalba dolphin species from retinal cell morphological comparisons towards its surrounding environment

AbstractIn this current study, the retinal cell morphology of two dolphin species, Tursiops truncatus and Stenella coeruleoalba was compared, and supplemented with a miniature review of how it relates to surrounding environment. Retinal cell morphology involved sectioning and retino-separation of eyes, morphometric analysis of retinal cell layers and its corresponding neurons, followed by stratigraphy of both retina and area/density of ganglion neuron cell bodies. A qualification criteria was developed to describe both thickness and visibility. To relate with surrounding environment of studied species, we searched relevant synthesized literature combining such key words as 'dolphin', 'Tursiops truncatus', 'Stenella coeruleoalba', 'eye', 'vision', 'ecology' and 'environment'. Retinal cell morphology comparisons showed that the thickness of outer nuclear layer had upper (37.8 – 38.5 μm) whereas outer plexiform layer had lower (7.8 – 8.7 μm) range values, with some differences between individual retinal layers (p<0.05) but specific to some cases. Area of ganglion cell layer of multipolar neurons of retina of both studied species could surpass the 800 μm2 mark, which suggests the presence of 'giant' size cell types. Plausibly, the retino-morphological comparisons of studied dolphin species depict the context of micro-view, and able to relate with a macro-view with respect to its surrounding environment

BRAF, MEK and EGFR inhibition as treatment strategies in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer

Inhibidor de BRAF; Binimetinib; Cáncer de colonBRAF inhibitor; Binimetinib; Colon cancerInhibidor de BRAF; Binimetinib; Càncer de còlonIntroduction: BRAF driver mutations are found in up to 15% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and lead to constitutive activation of BRAF kinase and sustained RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway signaling. BRAF mutations define a sub-population characterized by a poor prognosis and dismal median survival. Following successful outcomes with BRAF inhibition in BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma, this approach was evaluated in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The development and combination of targeted therapies against multiple signaling pathways has proved particularly successful, with improved survival and response rates. Areas covered: This review addresses the development of therapeutic strategies with inhibitors targeting MAPK/ERK and EGFR signaling in BRAF V600E mutated mCRC, focusing on encorafenib, binimetinib and cetuximab. A pharmacological and clinical review of these drugs and the therapeutic approaches behind their optimization are presented. Expert opinion: Exploiting knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors has been crucial to developing effective therapeutic strategies in BRAF-V600E mutant mCRC. The BEACON trial is a successful example of this approach, using encorafenib and cetuximab with or without binimetinib in patients with previously treated BRAF V600E mutant mCRC, showing an impressive improvement in clinical outcomes and tolerable toxicity compared with chemotherapy, establishing a new standard of care in this setting.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) FIS/FEDER (PI17/00947, PI20/00968) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 635342

Sedentary behavior is associated with colorectal adenoma recurrence in men

Purpose The association between physical activity and colorectal adenoma is equivocal. This study was designed to assess the relationship between physical activity and colorectal adenoma recurrence. Methods Pooled analyses from two randomized, controlled trials included 1,730 participants who completed the Arizona Activity Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, had a colorectal adenoma removed within 6 months of study registration, and had a follow-up colonoscopy during the trial. Logistic regression modeling was employed to estimate the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-vigorous physical activity on colorectal adenoma recurrence. Results No statistically significant trends were found for any activity type and odds of colorectal adenoma recurrence in the pooled population. However, males with the highest levels of sedentary time experienced 47 % higher odds of adenoma recurrence. Compared to the lowest quartile of sedentary time, the ORs (95 % CIs) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles among men were 1.23 (0.88, 1.74), 1.41 (0.99, 2.01), and 1.47 (1.03, 2.11), respectively (p trend = 0.03). No similar association was observed for women. Conclusions This study suggests that sedentary behavior is associated with a higher risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence among men, providing evidence of detrimental effects of a sedentary lifestyle early in the carcinogenesis pathway

Introducción y evaluación de especies y cultivares forrajeros para áreas agro-ecológicamente desfavorecidas de la provincia de Córdoba (Programa: sustentabilidad productiva de pequeños rumiantes en áreas desfavorables - supprad)

El desplazamiento de la ganadería bovina a áreas agroecológicamente desfavorecidas como consecuencia del avance de la agricultura, y por otra parte, la existencia de ganadería regional (ovina, caprina) ha provocado una demanda de recursos forrajeros adaptados a las zonas con restricciones edáficas y climáticas de la provincia de Córdoba. Esto exige disponer de especies forrajeras que cumplan con los requisitos de adaptación y a su vez sean lo suficientemente productivas como para lograr el mejoramiento sustentable de los sistemas ganaderos de dichas zonas. Si bien existen antecedentes de introducción de especies forrajeras en varios sitios del país, incluida la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, éstos manifiestan falta de continuidad en el seguimiento de dichas introducciones y evaluaciones. La introducción de forrajeras evaluadas y/o mejoradas a los sistemas de producción de áreas desfavorecidas permitirá mejorar e incrementar la productividad de las mismas. Para esto, el presente proyecto plantea el objetivo general de generar conocimientos sobre adaptación, caracterización morfológica, productividad y calidad de germoplasma forrajero introducido en áreas ecológicamente desfavorecidas para incrementar la oferta forrajera, la producción y la estabilidad de los sistemas ganaderos. Éste se articulará de manera organizada con otros proyectos similares conformando redes de evaluación incluyéndose instituciones y organizaciones de productores. El proyecto trabajará con un jardín de introducción local y otros jardines relacionados en red en donde se realizarán introducciones y evaluaciones sistemáticas de especies forrajeras prometedoras (herbáceas y arbustivas). Se realizarán evaluaciones comparativas de rendimientos bajo corte de materiales promisorios o cultivares alternativos con el objetivo de la valoración de la producción forrajera, la calidad y la respuesta a distintos esquemas de defoliación. Se confeccionarán claves dicotómicas a los fines de identificar especies por medio de los caracteres vegetativos. Este proyecto generará conocimientos aplicables a la solución de problemas productivos en general y brindará como aporte específico conocimientos sobre forrajeras evaluadas para los distintos sistemas de producción implicados y un método de identificación rápida de especies a nivel de productor, pares técnicos y educación. También aportará refuerzo a las redes de evaluación de forrajeras y la sistematización de la información generada en ellas, para aportar a los modelos ganaderos regionales.Fil: Bollati, Graciela Patricia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Gustavo Miguel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Bossa, Selma Raquel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Hick, Michel Victor Hubert. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P &lt; 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223