“I think relax, relax and it flows a lot easier”: Exploring client-generated relax strategies

Background. Some adult stroke survivors participating in Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) treatment programs self-generated relax strategies that have not been explored in previous CO-OP publications. The objective of this study was to describe the process by which adults with stroke used relax strategies and to explore the outcomes associated with their use. Methods. Secondary analysis of transcripts of intervention sessions from five participants was conducted. Results. All five participants applied relax strategies after initially observing a breakdown in performance that was attributed to increased fatigue or tension. The relax strategies used by the participants during their occupations included general relaxation, physical modifications to reduce tension, mental preparation, and pacing. The application of these strategies seemed to result in improved skill performance, reduced fatigue, and transfer to other activities. Conclusion. The relax strategy warrants further investigation as a potentially important therapeutic tool to improve occupational performance in individuals who have had a stroke

Évaluation d'un programme de parcours pré-professionnel : points de vue d’anciens étudiants du programme prémédical en milieu rural du Selkirk College

Background: Having a rural background is one of the most predictive factors in eventually having a rural practice, but people from rural areas face several barriers to post-secondary education. Pre-professional rural pathway initiatives are a potential solution. The Rural Pre-Medicine Program (RPM) at Selkirk College, British Columbia was developed to provide students with the credits necessary to apply to medicine and other health professional programs, an introduction to rural healthcare issues, and a unique and comprehensive support program to enable success. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey to former students who left the program from its inception in September 2014 to May 2020 to explore the extent to which program aims are being met. Results: The response rate was 49.4% (40/81). Respondents agreed the program increased their skills, their understanding of rural healthcare issues, and enhanced their competitiveness for applying to health professional programs. Most agreed the program increased their future rural work intentions. Respondents suggested that academic programming be more flexible to allow for more varied post-program pathways. Conclusion: This survey provides preliminary evidence the RPM Program is on track to increase the number of people with a rural affinity who prepare to become health professionals.Contexte : Le fait d'être issu d’un milieu rural est l'un des facteurs les plus prédictifs d'une pratique future dans un tel milieu. Toutefois, les habitants des régions rurales sont confrontés à plusieurs obstacles à l’accès à l'éducation postsecondaire. Les initiatives de parcours pré-professionnels en milieu rural sont une solution potentielle à ce problème. Le programme Rural Pre-Medicine (RPM) du Selkirk College, en Colombie-Britannique, a été conçu pour fournir aux étudiants les crédits nécessaires pour faire une demande d’admission en médecine et dans d'autres programmes de formation professionnelle en santé, une introduction aux enjeux des soins de santé en milieu rural et un programme de soutien unique et complet pour favoriser la réussite. Méthodes : Nous avons mené une enquête transversale auprès d'anciens étudiants ayant quitté le programme entre septembre 2014, année de sa création, et mai 2020 pour déterminer dans quelle mesure les objectifs du programme sont atteints. Résultats : Le taux de réponse a été de 49,4 % (40/81). Les répondants ont reconnu que le programme leur avait permis d'améliorer leurs compétences, de mieux comprendre les enjeux liés aux soins de santé en milieu rural et de rendre plus compétitive leur candidature aux programmes de formation professionnelle en santé. La plupart d'entre eux ont déclaré que le programme les avait confortés dans leur intention de travailler en milieu rural. Ils ont recommandé de rendre le cursus plus souple pour permettre des débouchés plus variés pour les diplômés. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette enquête semblent indiquer que le programme RPM permettrait d’augmenter le nombre de candidats à un métier de la santé attirés par le milieu rural

Au soutien de la pré-médecine rurale : évaluation descriptive des premières cohortes d’un programme de doctorat de premier cycle inédit

Implication Statement Selkirk College’s Rural Pre-Medicine (RPM) program launched in 2014 as a unique undergraduate initiative designed to increase the number of students who prepare for future careers in rural healthcare and, in the longterm, to play a role in reducing rural health disparities. Preliminary evaluation indicates most students in the program have rural backgrounds and the majority of graduates with follow-up data go on to further health science programming, including medical school. Challenges with retention have been identified. RPM is committed to ongoing program improvement and to providing a model for similar programs in other jurisdictions. Énoncé des implications de la recherche En 2014, le Collège Selkirk a lancé son programme de doctorat de premier cycle en pré-médecine rurale (PMR), une initiative unique visant à attirer davantage d’étudiants vers une carrière dans le domaine de la santé en milieu rural et, à long terme, à réduire les inégalités en matière de santé dans les zones rurales. L’évaluation préliminaire indique que la plupart des étudiants inscrits dans ce programme sont issus du milieu rural et que la majorité des diplômés pour lesquels des données étaient disponibles poursuivent leurs études en sciences de la santé, y compris en médecine. Des problèmes de rétention ont été mis en évidence. Le PMR s’inscrit dans une démarche d’amélioration continue et désire faire du programme un modèle à suivre ailleurs au Canada

'Learning for resilience’ as the climate changes: Discussing flooding, adaptation and agency with children

Climate change scenarios project higher flood risk, so knowing how households can increase socio-ecological resilience is essential. Children rarely feature in UK policy guidance about how households prepare for floods, and research is limited about children’s roles in local resilience building. Using a participatory action research, child-centred methodology we explored (7-9year old) children’s knowledge, skills and dispositions in discussions about flooding, suggesting processes for effectively engaging them in Learning for Resilience (LfR). Results suggest children have existing knowledge, skills and dispositions concerning local and international flood risk originating from various sources. They displayed cross-cultural learning, embryonic systems-thinking, and understandings of theirs and others’ agency, including adults’ reasons for un-preparedness, revealing awareness of risk underestimation and deferral/denial of risk. The paper offers framing of a new taxonomy for young children’s significant ‘LfR’ and seven ‘top tips’ to facilitate, design and implement learning strategies with children around environmental risk, in the UK and internationally, in climate change contexts

Evaluation of a pre-professional pathway program: perspectives of former students in the rural pre-medicine program at Selkirk College

Background: Having a rural background is one of the most predictive factors in eventually having a rural practice, but people from rural areas face several barriers to post-secondary education. Pre-professional rural pathway initiatives are a potential solution. The Rural Pre-Medicine Program (RPM) at Selkirk College, British Columbia was developed to provide students with the credits necessary to apply to medicine and other health professional programs, an introduction to rural healthcare issues, and a unique and comprehensive support program to enable success. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey to former students who left the program from its inception in September 2014 to May 2020 to explore the extent to which program aims are being met. Results: The response rate was 49.4% (40/81). Respondents agreed the program increased their skills, their understanding of rural healthcare issues, and enhanced their competitiveness for applying to health professional programs. Most agreed the program increased their future rural work intentions. Respondents suggested that academic programming be more flexible to allow for more varied post-program pathways. Conclusion: This survey provides preliminary evidence the RPM Program is on track to increase the number of people with a rural affinity who prepare to become health professionals

Inhalation of diesel exhaust and allergen alters human bronchial epithelium DNA methylation

Background Allergic disease affects 30% to 40% of the world's population, and its development is determined by the interplay between environmental and inherited factors. Air pollution, primarily consisting of diesel exhaust emissions, has increased at a similar rate to allergic disease. Exposure to diesel exhaust may play a role in the development and progression of allergic disease, in particular allergic respiratory disease. One potential mechanism underlying the connection between air pollution and increased allergic disease incidence is DNA methylation, an epigenetic process with the capacity to integrate gene-environment interactions. Objective We sought to investigate the effect of allergen and diesel exhaust exposure on bronchial epithelial DNA methylation. Methods We performed a randomized crossover-controlled exposure study to allergen and diesel exhaust in humans, and measured single-site (CpG) resolution global DNA methylation in bronchial epithelial cells. Results Exposure to allergen alone, diesel exhaust alone, or allergen and diesel exhaust together (coexposure) led to significant changes in 7 CpG sites at 48 hours. However, when the same lung was exposed to allergen and diesel exhaust but separated by approximately 4 weeks, significant changes in more than 500 sites were observed. Furthermore, sites of differential methylation differed depending on which exposure was experienced first. Functional analysis of differentially methylated CpG sites found genes involved in transcription factor activity, protein metabolism, cell adhesion, and vascular development, among others. Conclusions These findings suggest that specific exposures can prime the lung for changes in DNA methylation induced by a subsequent insult

Promoting water efficiency and hydrocitizenship in young people’s learning about drought risk in a temperate maritime country

Engaging young citizens with drought risk and positive water behaviours is essential in domestic water demand management within the wider climate crisis. This paper evaluates a new research-informed, picture book—‘DRY: The Diary of a Water Superhero’—that explores UK drought. The book’s development was underpinned by research within the Drought Risk and You (DRY) project. The book’s concept and storyline were co-produced by an interdisciplinary team, including a creative practitioner. This focused on key themes: drought definitions and types; drought myths; adaptation and young people’s (YP) agency. Characters and storyline were co-created to promote YP’s autonomy as change agents, and to encourage intergenerational and community learning. This paper evaluates the book from three perspectives: of YP, trainee teachers (TT) and teachers. Emergent themes are triangulated: drought as a sensitive issue, subject knowledge and changes in behaviour, and YP’s misconceptions about drought and place. TT also contemplated their improved subject knowledge and barriers to engaging with positive water behaviours. Teachers reflected on classroom use of the book, prior experiences about teaching drought, curriculum context and st/age of YP engaged. This paper reflects on how these insights feed into school practice and water industry outreach, in developing effective learning resources that promote a valuing of water, behaviour change and wider hydrocitizenship among YP and their communities

A model for the cosmological evolution of low frequency radio sources

We present a new evolutionary model that describes the population properties of radio sources at frequencies <5 GHz, thus complementing the De Zotti et al. (2005) model, holding at higher frequencies. We find that simple analytic luminosity evolution is still sufficient to fit the wealth of available data on local luminosity functions, multi-frequency source counts, and redshift distributions. However, the fit requires a luminosity-dependent decline of source luminosities at high redshifts, at least for steep-spectrum sources, thus confirming earlier indications of a "downsizing" also for radio sources. The upturn of source counts at sub-mJy levels is accounted for by a straightforward extrapolation, using the empirical far-IR/radio correlation, of evolutionary models matching the far-IR counts and redshift distributions of star-forming galaxies. We also discuss the implications of the new model for the interpretation of data on large-scale clustering of radio sources and on the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect, and for the investigation of the contribution of discrete sources to the extragalactic background. As for the ISW effect, a new analysis exploiting a very clean CMB map, yields at a substantially higher significance than reported before.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on MNRA

A common framework for collecting evidence of real-life outcomes of aphasia interventions: thoughts and applications

Two related conceptual frameworks have been developed to guide outcome measurement. The Framework for Outcome Measurement (FROM) captures the integration of key generic concepts central to recent international thinking in the area of health and disability. The second, Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement (A-FROM), focuses directly on communication and is intended to guide thinking about outcome measurement in aphasia. User-friendly and accessible schematics represent potential outcome domains and highlight the centrality of quality of life. The frameworks and methods of development will be discussed. Guidelines for potential applications will be presented with examples from two A-FROM derived tools