Associations between Screen Time and Physical Activity among Spanish Adolescents

Excessive time in front of a single or several screens could explain a displacement of physical activity. The present study aimed at determining whether screen-time is associated with a reduced level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in Spanish adolescents living in favorable environmental conditions. or more to total screen-time showed a 64% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.44–0.86) increased risk of failing to achieve the recommended adolescent MVPA level. Participation in organized physical activities and sports competitions were more strongly associated with MVPA than screen-related behaviors.No single screen-related behavior explained the reduction of MVPA in adolescents. However, the total time accumulated through several screen-related behaviors was negatively associated with MVPA level in boys. This association could be due to lower availability of time for exercise as the time devoted to sedentary screen-time activities increases. Participation in organized physical activities seems to counteract the negative impact of excessive time in front of screens on physical activity

Occurrence of regulated pollutants in populated Mediterranean basins: Ecotoxicological risk and effects on biological quality

Chemical stressors co-occur in mixtures into watercourses and this complicates predicting their effects on their ecological status. Our knowledge of river basin specific pollutants (RBSPs) is still limited, but it remains necessary to ensure the good chemical and ecological status. We performed an exercise on Mediterranean river sites exposed to urban and industrial pressures in order to, i) prioritize the occurring chemicals, ii) assessing the site's specific chemical risk (RQ), and iii) relating the chemical risk to the biological quality, using as evidences invertebrates and diatom indices. Mediterranean rivers suffer from strong pressures which lead to a poor dilution ability, which makes the inhabiting biota highly vulnerable. The most frequent pollutants in the 89 sites surveyed included pharmaceutical products such as the antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin, and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac, and products of industrial origin such as perfluorinated PFOS, nickel, and nonylphenol. Both the diatom index IPS and the macroinvertebrate index IBMWP hold strong negative correlations to RQ, indicating a significant contribution of chemicals to biological impairment. Chemical contaminants (but not nutrients or dissolved organic carbon) were associated with significant changes to the taxonomic composition of invertebrate communities, but not to that of diatom communities. Our analyses indeed reveal that the impact of co-occurring chemicals translates onto negative effects in the biological quality. Our approach may be of use to evidence impacts on water resources and water quality in rivers under strong human pressure.This research was co-funded by the projects CLIMALERT (PCIN-2017-068) and CEX2018-000794-S of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Researchers are part of the Consolidated Research Groups ICRAENV 2017SGR 1124 and 2017SGR 1404 - Water and Soil Quality Unit. ICRA is part of the CERCA programme

Characteristics of age, gender and municipality size of study participants.

<p>Characteristics of age, gender and municipality size of study participants.</p

Percentiles of time dedicated to television, computer, video-game, portable mini consoles and total of screen-related behaviors among adolescents participants.

<p>Percentiles of time dedicated to television, computer, video-game, portable mini consoles and total of screen-related behaviors among adolescents participants.</p

Odds ratio for being sufficiently active in relation to screen-related behaviors and social environments variables among adolescents participants in Gran Canaria Physical Activity Study.

a<p>For each increase of 1 hour per day;</p>b<p>For each increase of 1 point in scale (0 =  I don’t like it at all, 5 =  I like it a lot);</p><p>*p<0.05.</p

Prevalence of physical activities and screen-related behaviors among adolescent participants in Gran Canaria Physical Activity Study.

a<p>5 days per week of AFMV +300 minutes per week +1,800 MET per week;</p>b<p>Aerobics, step and similar;</p>c<p>Basketball, handball, volleyball, rugby, field hockey, baseball;</p>d<p>Tennis, badminton, paddle, squash, table tennis;</p>e<p>Surfing, windsurfing, diving, hunting, canoeing, rowing, sailing;</p>f<p>Skateboard, skate;</p>g<p>Judo, karate, taekwondo, fencing, wrestling;</p>h<p>Motocross, trial, motorcycling in track, karts;</p>*<p>p<0.05 for differences between boys and girls.</p

Percentiles of time dedicated to moderate, vigorous and total of physical activities among adolescents participants.

<p>Percentiles of time dedicated to moderate, vigorous and total of physical activities among adolescents participants.</p

The impact of conversion on the risk of major complication following laparoscopic colonic surgery: an international, multicentre prospective audit.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: The and E. S. o. C. c. groups (2018). "The impact of conversion on the risk of major complication following laparoscopic colonic surgery: an international, multicentre prospective audit." Colorectal Disease 20(S6): 69-89., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.14371. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy has now been implemented as a standard of care for elective colonic resection around the world. During the adoption period, studies showed that conversion may be detrimental to patients, with poorer outcomes than both laparoscopic completed or planned open surgery. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether laparoscopic conversion was associated with a higher major complication rate than planned open surgery in contemporary, international practice. METHODS: Combined analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology 2017 and 2015 audits. Patients were included if they underwent elective resection of a colonic segment from the caecum to the rectosigmoid junction with primary anastomosis. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day major complication rate, defined as Clavien-Dindo grade III-V. RESULTS: Of 3980 patients, 64% (2561/3980) underwent laparoscopic surgery and a laparoscopic conversion rate of 14% (359/2561). The major complication rate was highest after open surgery (laparoscopic 7.4%, converted 9.7%, open 11.6%, P < 0.001). After case mix adjustment in a multilevel model, only planned open (and not laparoscopic converted) surgery was associated with increased major complications in comparison to laparoscopic surgery (OR 1.64, 1.27-2.11, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate laparoscopic conversion should not be considered a treatment failure in modern practice. Conversion does not appear to place patients at increased risk of complications vs planned open surgery, supporting broadening of selection criteria for attempted laparoscopy in elective colonic resection