Os espaços públicos centrais como unidades de preservação do patrimônio. Estudo de caso de Barra Mansa, no Rio de Janeiro

This study aims to analyse the transformations in the public spaces located in the core of Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro. It highlights the discussion of preservation policies already used in Brazil, in order to (i) built a theoric basis over the preservation of public spaces and ensembles and (ii) study of the target ensemble history, the features related to the use and occupation of the surrounding and its relation with the city. As a result this investigation aspires to build parameters that may contribute to the preservation and rehabilitation of the areas under study and highlight the heritage value of city’s public spaces. Keywords: public spaces, Barra Mansa, heritage management.Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise das transformações dos espaços públicos centrais da cidade de Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro. Privilegia-se a discussão das políticas de preservação existentes no Brasil, a construção de uma base teórica sobre preservação de espaços públicos e conjuntos e o estudo da história e das características do uso e ocupação do entorno, para então diagnosticar o conjunto e sua relação com a cidade. Como resultado pretende-se construir parâmetros que possam contribuir para a preservação dessas áreas, evidenciando, em particular, o valor patrimonial dos espaços públicos.Palavras-chave: espaços públicos, gestão patrimonial, Barra Mansa

Btk Mutations Selectively Regulate Btk Expression And Upregulate Monocyte Xbp1 Mrna In Xla Patients.

Mutations in the Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene are responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Unfolded or misfolded proteins can trigger stress pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as unfolded protein response (UPR). The aim was to clarify the involvement of UPR in XLA pathophysiology. By reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, we evaluated the expression of BTK and 12 UPR-related genes in eight patients. Moreover, we assessed the BTK protein expression and pattern in the patients' monocytes by flow cytometry and fluorescence immunocytochemistry. We found a reduced BTK expression in patients with stop codon mutations (P < 0.02). However, missense mutations did not affect BTK expression. Flow cytometry showed a reduction of BTK in patients which was corroborated by an absent or nonfunctional protein synthesis revealed by immunocytochemistry. In contrast with the other UPR-related genes, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was markedly upregulated in the patients (P < 0.01), suggesting Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation since BTK directly interacts with TLRs as a negative regulator and XBP1 can be activated in direct response to TLR ligation. Different BTK mutations can be identified by the BTK expression. Inasmuch as UPR-related genes were downregulated or unaltered in patients, we speculate the involvement of the TLRs-XBP1 axis in the XLA pathophysiology. Such data could be the basis for further studies of this novel pathomechanism concerning XLA.3171-18

Psychologists in general hospitals: styles and collectives of thought

This article aims to reflect upon the different configurations of psychologists who work in the health field, specifically in a general hospital, with a view to improve knowledge on what constitutes this professional adjustment. As a result, we indicate four collectives of thought that we judge to be the most common: Hospital Psychology, Medical Psychology, Mental Health and Health Psychology. We point some of the peculiarities of these collectives, highlighting the need of further research in which psychologists working in hospitals can narrate their histories of insertion and delimitation of the professional practice.Ese artículo reflexiona sobre algunos fundamentos de las diversas configuraciones del psicólogo que actúa en el área de la salud, especialmente en el Hospital General, con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento acerca de los elementos constituyentes de ese ajuste profesional. Como resultado de esta investigación, llegamos a cuatro colectivos de pensamiento que juzgamos ser los más comunes: Psicología del Hospital, Psicología Médica, Salud Mental y Psicología de la Salud. Señalamos algunas de las particularidades de estos colectivos, poniendo en relieve la necesidad de realizar investigaciones en las cuales los psicólogos que actúan en instituciones hospitalares puedan narrar sus historias de inserción y delimitación de la práctica profesional.O artigo busca refletir sobre alguns embasamentos acerca das diferentes configurações do psicólogo que atua na área da saúde, em especial no hospital geral, com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento sobre o que constitui este ajustamento profissional. Como resultado, indicamos quatro coletivos de pensamento que julgamos serem os mais comuns: Psicologia Hospitalar, Psicologia Médica, Saúde Mental e Psicologia da Saúde. Apontamos algumas das especificidades desses coletivos, destacando a necessidade da realização de pesquisas em que os psicólogos atuantes em instituições hospitalares possam narrar suas histórias de inserção e delimitação da práxis profissional

The science behind beverage flavors: The role of pH and amylase enzyme in the human mouth

The chemical composition of alcoholic beverages plays a crucial role in their flavor, and the interaction with the chemistry of the mouth, particularly saliva, further shapes the sensory experience. Saliva's pH and enzyme activity can affect the chemical balance of the drink, and therefore, the taste and aroma perceived by the taster. This study examined the influence of saliva on the pH and α-amylase activity of alcoholic beverages, through a potentiometer and enzymatic kits respectively, and how this affected their sensory profile, through the performance of a Descriptive Analysis (DA) sensory test. The results showed that the pH values of the drinks were altered after contact with saliva, with brandies showing an increase in pH and wines showing a decrease. Additionally, the α-amylase activity was found to be influenced by the presence of acids, ethanol, and tannins in the drink. These observations suggest that the chemical composition of the drink and the saliva can impact the sensory experience. Further studies can help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this interaction and how it varies across different types of beverages and individuals through sensitive enzyme kits

Cuidados de enfermagem omissos e a Teoria de Orlando: uma análise essencial

Missed Nursing Care (MNC) is an emerging problem in care practice environments and nurses play a role as potential causal agents as they are responsible for the decision-making concerning nursing care along the nursing process. Given the increasing incidence of MNC and the harmful consequences it leads to in terms of care safety and quality, raising healthcare professionals’ awareness of MNC is crucial if aiming to reduce its occurrence. The nursing philosophy underpinned on Orlando’s Theory, sets the focus of the nursing practice in the relationship nursing-patient. It further establishes the discipline of the nursing process as a systematic way of evaluating and guaranteeing the satisfaction of the patients’ needs. [In this article we argue that] such processes have the potential of being protective factors to the occurrence of MNC, and consequently promote the patient’s safety and the quality of care.Los cuidados de enfermería omitidos (CEO) es un problema emergente en los ambientes de práctica del cuidado donde los enfermeros son un agente causal potencial, ya que son responsables de la toma de decisiones sobre el cuidado de enfermería durante el proceso de enfermería. Dada la creciente incidencia de este problema, es importante sensibilizar a los profesionales de la salud sobre la existencia de los CEO, con el fin de minimizar su aparición. La filosofía de enfermería, basada en la teoría propuesta por Orlando, centra la práctica de los enfermeros en la relación enfermera-paciente y establece la disciplina del proceso de enfermería como forma sistemática de evaluar y garantizar la satisfacción de las necesidades del paciente. Esos aspectos sugieren que protegen la ocurrencia de cuidados de enfermería omitidos y, consecuentemente, promueven la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención a la salud.Os cuidados de enfermagem omissos (CEO) são um problema emergente nos ambientes da prática de cuidados onde o enfermeiro é um potencial agente causador, dado ser o responsável pela tomada de decisão acerca dos cuidados de enfermagem durante o processo de enfermagem. Perante o aumento da incidência desta problemática, torna-se importante conscientizar os profissionais de saúde para a existência de MNC, tendo como perspetiva minimizar a sua ocorrência. A filosofia de enfermagem assente na teoria proposta por Orlando centra a prática do Enfermeiro na relação enfermeiro-doente e estabelece a disciplina de processo de enfermagem como forma sistematizada de avaliar e garantir a satisfação das necessidades do doente. Estes aspetos sugerem ser protetores da ocorrência de cuidados de enfermagem omissos e, consequentemente, promotores da segurança do doente e da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde

Impact of tree species replacement on carbon stocks in a Mediterranean mountain area, NE Portugal

Forest species replacement can influence significantly the amount of carbon stored in the several compartments that compose the terrestrial ecosystems (biomass, forest floor and mineral soil). This study intends to evaluate the influence of the replacement of the Quercus pyrenaica species (QP), which represents the climax vegetation of Serra da Nogueira, NE Portugal, by the Pseudotsuga menziesii (PM) and Pinus nigra (PN) plantations (fast-growing species). For this purpose, three plots of 314m2 were established in each stand (9 plots in total) and the height and diameter at the breast height of all trees were measured, in order to characterize the stands and estimate the tree biomass. Herbaceous vegetation and forest floor were collected in areas of 0.49m2 in 15 points under each tree species (5 per plot). At the same points, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at depths 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20 and 20–30 cm. Thirty years after the climax vegetation replacement, carbon gains are observed in forest species biomass and forest floor (1.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in PN and 4.0 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in PM) and significant losses were recorded on soil carbon pool (about 2.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Total carbon accumulated is significantly higher in PM (331 Mg C ha−1) compared to PN (246 Mg ha−1) and QP (273 Mg C ha−1), which present statistically similar values. Tree biomass and mineral soil constitute the major carbon pools.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The component of Carica papaya seed toxic to A-aegypti and the identification of tegupain, the enzyme that generates it

As Aedes aegypti transmits the etiologic agents of both yellow and dengue fever; vector control is considered essential to minimise their incidence. the aim of this work was to identify the component of Carica papaya seed toxic to A. aegypti, and the identification of tegupain, the enzyme that generates it. Aqueous extracts (1%, w/v) of the seed tegument and cotyledon of C. papaya are not larvicidal isolately. However, a mixture of 17 mu g mL(-1) tegument extract and 27 mu g mL(-1) cotyledon extract caused 100% larval mortality in a bioassay. the mixture was no longer larvicidal after the tegument extract was pre-treated at 100 degrees C for 10 min. the enzyme tegupain efficiently hydrolysed the substrate Z-Phe-Arg-pNan (K-m 58.8 mu M, K-cat 28020 s(-1), K-cat/K-m 5 x 10(8) M-1 s(-1)), and its activity increased with 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), at 37 degrees C, pH 5.0. the chelating agent EDTA did not modify the enzyme activity. Inhibition of tegupain by cystatin (K-iapp 2.43 nM), E64 (3.64 nM, 83% inhibition), and the propeptide N-terminal sequence indicate that the toxic activity is due to a novel cysteine proteinase-like enzyme, rendered active upon the hydrolysis of a cotyledon component of C. papaya seeds. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Norte Fluminense, Biotechnol Lab, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/17058-6FAPESP: 2009/53766-5Web of Scienc

Virulence Genes and Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated in Meat Meal Samples

Background: Feed is the main route of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and is responsible for a large part of the cost of poultry production, so the inclusion of alternative foods in diets for monogastrics has been a constant. Among alternative foods most used in modern poultry farming are animal meal, however, when contaminated they constitute a route of transmission of several pathogenic agents, including Escherichia coli. In addition, there is a zoonotic potential, as poultry products are intended for human consumption. The objective of this research was to detect virulence genes, as well as to evaluate the resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates from meat meal samples.  Materials, Methods &amp; Results: A total of 40 Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed and the virulence genes surveyed iss, ompT, hlyF, iutA, and fimA identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The antimicrobial agents tested were: amoxycillin (30 μg), ceftiofur (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), doxycycline (30 μg), florfenicol (30 μg), fosfomycin (200 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg) and oxacillin (1 μg). It was possible to observe the occurrence of the iss resistance gene in 100% of Escherichia coli isolates, followed by hlyF (85%), fimA (75%), ompT (17.5%) and iutA (5%). Regarding the simultaneous detection for the genes, a greater association between the genes iss, hlyF and fimA (60%) was verified. All isolates showed resistance to oxacillin (100%), followed by doxycycline (25%), amoxicillin (22.5%), norfloxacin (17.5%), ceftiofur (15%), florfenicol (12.5%), fosfomycin (12.5%), ciprofloxacin (10%) and gentamycin (2.5%). In this study, a variation of the multiple antimicrobial resistance index (IRMA) was observed between 0.22 and 0.77. Discussion: The indiscriminate use of of antimicrobials as performance enhancers in production animals, may have contributed to the increase in antimicrobial resistance, with the occurrence of multiresistant Escherichia coli carrying virulence genes. Virulence genes present in Escherichia coli isolates are studied to understand the degree of influence they exert in the establishment of the disease, one of the most researched genes is the iss gene, involved in the processes that promote serum resistance. In this study, iss (100%) was present in all the isolates analyzed, although it is not the only mechanism used by these bacteria to reach internal organs and trigger an infection, this gene encodes an important mechanism associated with high levels of virulence. The second highest prevalence found was of the hlyF gene (85%), the high prevalence of hlyF suggests virulence potential, involved with the production of hemolysin and improvement of outer membrane vesicles associated with the release of toxins. The fimA gene (75%) was detected in a slightly lower percentage when compared to iss and hlyF. With the second lowest prevalence, the ompT gene (17.5%), is involved in a process that includes the proteolytic degradation of antimicrobial peptides and with the lowest prevalence the iutA gene (5%). Certain combinations of virulence genes make the strains easier to survive, adhere to, colonize and even the ability to develop septicemic conditions. Multiresistant E. coli strains, is a fact of concern for both animal and human health, since the presence of multiresistant strains, originating from poultry, can be transmitted from chicken carcasses.  In this sense, the importance of sanitary control of the inputs used in animal feed is emphasized, as well as the prudent use of antimicrobials in animal production, with a view to producing a safe food, minimizing not only the economic losses, but also the risks to human health. Keywords: antimicrobial, bacterial resistance, colibacillosis, poultry.

A criança com câncer em cuidados paliativos e a assistência de enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa / The child with cancer in palliative care and nursing care: an integrative review

No Brasil, o câncer é a primeira causa de morte por doença na população pediátrica. Tal situação ocorre devido ao diagnóstico tardio e as más condições de acesso aos serviços de saúde dos pacientes. Existem diferentes tratamentos para a cura do câncer em crianças, porém, pode ser que ainda assim não haja resposta. Com isso, torna-se necessário a implementação do cuidado paliativo. Os cuidados paliativos buscam amenizar o sofrimento do paciente e da família através de um cuidado humanizado e de respeito. A assistência à criança com câncer em cuidados paliativos requer dos profissionais de enfermagem, comprometimento aliado ao saber e a habilidade para praticar o cuidado. Os cuidados paliativos em crianças com câncer é um assunto abrangente e desafiador para os profissionais envolvidos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, tendo como objetivo identificar através das produções científicas, os principais aspectos relacionados às crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos e a assistência de enfermagem. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, os artigos selecionados foram analisados utilizando a abordagem qualitativa com categorização do conteúdo. Diante disso, entende-se que os estudos evidenciam a importância do processo da criança com câncer em cuidados paliativos, sendo permeado por diversas particularidades e que necessitam serem analisadas, proporcionando meios para que sejam desenvolvidas estratégias que garantam a qualidade e segurança do cuidado