Projeto, análise e simulação computacional de um conversor cc-cc e cc-ca para alimentação de cargas ca a partir de uma máquina cc

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Atualmente o número de pessoas que tem gerado sua própria energia tem crescido cada vez mais com o uso de energias renováveis, principalmente por meios dos painéis fotovoltaicos que necessitam da radiação solar e dos aero geradores a partir da energia eólica. Pensando nisso, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver um sistema off-grid, que através de uma força eletromotriz gerada por uma máquina CC, seja capaz de abastecer diretamente aparelhos que necessitam de energia elétrica, tais como bombeamento de água rural ou até mesmo para garantir a confiabilidade de consumidores que residem em locais remotos com difícil acesso a rede elétrica, sendo a solução mais econômica e prática de se obter energia

Verificação da curva de Kuznets para os municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina: uma análise paramétrica e não paramétrica para os períodos de 1991, 2000 e 2010

A question which periodically arises in empirical investigations in the literature regards the relation between economic growth and income inequality. The purpose of this study is to test the Kuznets hypothesis for the municipalities of the state of Santa Catarina, with data from the Gini index and the per capita income of the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. For this purpose, polynomial specifications of degree two and three and panel data models were used. Additionally, non-parametric regressions were estimated by means of the B-splines estimation method. The results suggest the validation of the Kuznets hypothesis for the two parametric specifications, supported by the non-parametric analysis. Another fact found was that the inequality for the quantile concentration of lower income reacts much faster to per capita income growth than for higher inequality quantiles.Keywords: Kuznets hypothesis, income distribution, municipalities of Santa Catarina.Um questionamento que periodicamente surge em investigações empíricas na literatura diz respeito à relação entre o crescimento econômico e a desigualdade de renda. O objetivo deste estudo é testar a hipótese de Kuznets para os municípios do estado de Santa Catarina, com dados do índice de Gini e renda per capita dos anos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Para isto, especificações de polinômios de graus dois e três e modelos de dados em painel foram utilizados. Adicionalmente foram estimadas regressões não paramétricas, pelo método de estimação B-splines. Os resultados sugerem a validação da hipótese de Kuznets para as duas diferentes especificações paramétricas, corroborados pela análise não paramétrica. Outro fato verificado foi que a desigualdade para quantis de concentração de renda mais baixos reage mais rapidamente a aumentos de renda per capita do que para quantis de desigualdade mais alta.Palavras-chave: hipótese de Kuznets, distribuição de renda, municípios de Santa Catarina

INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTRESSE SALINO SOBRE A EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DO PINHÃO MANSO

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a influência do estresse salino sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial do pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.). Os tratamentos constaram de dois sais (NaCl e KCl) e seis concentrações (0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0 e 10 dS.m-1) distribuídos em quatro repetições de 50 sementes, num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em arranjo fatorial 2x6. As variáveis analisadas foram compostas pela porcentagem de emergência (EMERG), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), tempo médio de emergência (TME), comprimento da parte aérea (CPA), comprimento de raiz (CR), peso seco da parte aérea (PSPA) e peso seco da raiz (PSR). As maiores concentrações com 8 e 10 dS.m-1 de KCl causaram efeito negativo sobre a emergência do pinhão manso. Independente dos sais, o aumento da concentração promoveu redução crescente dos comprimentos da parte aérea e da raiz do pinhão manso. O incremento das concentrações de NaCl e KCl causaram decréscimo da matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz, com o KCl causando maior redução. O estresse salino provocou no pinhão manso maior diminuição do crescimento e da matéria seca da parte aérea do que da raiz. &nbsp

The institutional approach about of the international trade in counterpoint to theory of the comparative advantages: the japanese system of innovations

The present work analyzes the institutional vision regarding the participation of a nation in international trade - and the impact that changes in long-term institutional end up taking on the global technology leadership in counterpoint the Theory of comparative advantage - when dealing this issue. The argumentation advocated here, based on a history / bibliographical research, it is that the institutional view can give a consistent answer to explain the changes in recent decades in the position of countries like Japan, for example, while players in the arena of international trade in high value-added products. This occurs due to the fact of the Institutional Economics take account the diversity of factors that affect the performance of a nation, like for example, the investment in education

RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN SOIL CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Sugarcane has its productivity influenced by the availability of water and nutrients. Being the understanding of the influence of the irrigation system over time on soil compaction is important for the improvement of the management adopted in the production of this crop. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the three irrigation systems: pivot and reel, reainfed, and reel, on the resistance to root penetration of the sugarcane crop, in a period of six years. The work was carried out under field conditions, in the experimental design of a 3 x 6 factorial scheme in 24 replicates, in which the first factor consists of three irrigation systems: conventional (clean water) reel; pivot and reel (fertigation); and rainfed cultivation. And the second factor is related to different periods under irrigation: Cane-plant area, second cut area, third cut area, fourth cut area, fifth cut area, reaching the sixth cut. A penetrometer was used to determine the resistance to root penetration. At the end of this experiment, the results showed that the use of the pivot and reel irrigation system is the one that least affects the resistance to soil penetration, being the most suitable for us

Evaluation of Trichoderma atroviride endophytes with growth-promoting activities on tomato plants and antagonistic action on Fusarium oxysporum

In Brazil, tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most important phytopathogen of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Thus, the search of beneficial microorganisms with growth-promoting and/or biological control properties represent an important tool for agricultural biotechnology. Herein, two Trichoderma endophytes (strains 36b and 164b) associated with Coffea arabica were investigated on their growth-promoting activities on plants and their antagonist effects and interactions against F. oxysporum. Molecular multigene (ITS- TEF-TUB-CAL) identification and phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of these endophytes as belonging to Trichoderma atroviride species. When inoculated with the endophytic strain 36b, tomato plants reached the highest speed of seedling emergence (83.3%), but both endophytes increased the number of leaves, root length and dry biomass of treated plants. Regarding the in vitro antagonism assay, reduced phytopathogen growth by approximately 70 (strain 36b) and 52% (strain 164b) which indicates a partial replacement of endophytes after initial deadlock with mycelial contact. Scanning electron microscopy allowed to observe the presence of Fusarium macroconidia between endophytic hyphae and conidia, with the helicoidization of endophytic hyphae, which wrapped around the pathogen hyphae, suggesting a mechanical inhibition by strangulation

Boosting big data streaming applications in clouds with burstFlow

The rapid growth of stream applications in financial markets, health care, education, social media, and sensor networks represents a remarkable milestone for data processing and analytic in recent years, leading to new challenges to handle Big Data in real-time. Traditionally, a single cloud infrastructure often holds the deployment of Stream Processing applications because it has extensive and adaptative virtual computing resources. Hence, data sources send data from distant and different locations of the cloud infrastructure, increasing the application latency. The cloud infrastructure may be geographically distributed and it requires to run a set of frameworks to handle communication. These frameworks often comprise a Message Queue System and a Stream Processing Framework. The frameworks explore Multi-Cloud deploying each service in a different cloud and communication via high latency network links. This creates challenges to meet real-time application requirements because the data streams have different and unpredictable latencies forcing cloud providers' communication systems to adjust to the environment changes continually. Previous works explore static micro-batch demonstrating its potential to overcome communication issues. This paper introduces BurstFlow, a tool for enhancing communication across data sources located at the edges of the Internet and Big Data Stream Processing applications located in cloud infrastructures. BurstFlow introduces a strategy for adjusting the micro-batch sizes dynamically according to the time required for communication and computation. BurstFlow also presents an adaptive data partition policy for distributing incoming streams across available machines by considering memory and CPU capacities. The experiments use a real-world multi-cloud deployment showing that BurstFlow can reduce the execution time up to 77% when compared to the state-of-the-art solutions, improving CPU efficiency by up to 49%

Serum soluble-Fas is a predictor of red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between the need for red blood cell transfusion and serum levels of soluble-Fas, erythropoietin and inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients with and without acute kidney injury. METHODS: We studied critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (n=30) and without acute kidney injury (n=13), end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (n=25) and healthy subjects (n=21). Serum levels of soluble-Fas, erythropoietin, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, iron status, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration were analyzed in all groups. The association between these variables in critically ill patients was investigated. RESULTS: Critically ill patients (acute kidney injury and non-acute kidney injury patients) had higher serum levels of erythropoietin than the other groups. Hemoglobin concentration was lower in the acute kidney injury patients than in other groups. Serum soluble-Fas levels were higher in acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease patients. Critically ill patients requiring red blood cell transfusions had higher serum levels of soluble-Fas (5,906±2,047 and 1,920±1,060; p<0.001), interleukin 6 (518±537 and 255+502; p=0.02) and interleukin 10 (35.8±30.7 and 18.5±10.9; p=0.02), better iron status and higher mortality rates in the first 28 days in intensive care unit. Serum soluble-Fas levels were independently associated with the number of red blood cell units transfused (p=0.02). Serum soluble-Fas behaved as an independent predictor of the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Serum soluble-Fas level is an independent predictor of the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients with or without acute kidney injury. Further studies are warranted to reconfirm this finding.OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre a transfusão de hemácias e os níveis séricos de Fas solúvel, eritropoietina e citocinas inflamatórias em pacientes gravemente enfermos, com e sem insuficiência renal aguda. MÉTODOS: Os seguintes grupos foram estudados: pacientes gravemente enfermos com insuficiência renal aguda (n=30) e sem insuficiência renal aguda (n=13), pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica terminal em hemodiálise (n=25) e indivíduos saudáveis (n=21). Os níveis séricos de Fas solúvel, eritropoietina, interleucina 6, interleucina 10 e ferro, além da concentração de hemoglobina e de hematócrito, foram analisados em todos os grupos. A associação entre tais variáveis foram estudadas nos pacientes gravemente enfermos. RESULTADOS: Os níveis séricos de eritropoietina mostraram-se mais elevados nos pacientes gravemente enfermos do que nos dos demais grupos. Concentrações mais baixas de hemoglobina foram documentadas nos pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda em relação aos demais. Níveis séricos mais elevados de Fas solúvel foram observados nos pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda e doença renal crônica terminal. Pacientes gravemente enfermos transfundidos apresentaram níveis séricos mais elevados de Fas solúvel (5.906±2.047 e 1.920±1.060; p<0,001), interleucina 6 (518±537 e 255±502; p=0,02), interleucina 10 (35,8±30,7 e 18,5±10,9; p=0,02) e ferro, além de maior mortalidade em 28 dias. Os níveis séricos de Fas solúvel mostraram-se independentemente associados ao número de transfusões (p=0,02). O nível sérico de Fas solúvel foi um preditor independente da necessidade de transfusão de hemácias em pacientes gravemente enfermos (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: O nível sérico de Fas solúvel é um preditor independente da necessidade de transfusão de hemácias em pacientes gravemente enfermos, com ou sem insuficiência renal aguda. Mais estudos clínicos e laboratoriais são necessários para confirmar tal resultado.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinUNIFESPSciEL

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio