MONITORAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO RELATIVO A PROCESSOS E PRODUTOS DA DESIDRATAÇÃO DO GLICEROL

O glicerol é um coproduto da produção de biodiesel, e por este motivo, estudos com objetivo de transformá-lo em produtos de maior interesse industrial e econômico vem sendo desenvolvidos, de modo a valorizar a produção do biocombustível. A desidratação do glicerol é rota de aproveitamento muito interessante, pois seus produtos de reação têm alto valor agregado e tem diversas aplicações na indústria. Desde a década de 20 observa-se o depósito de patentes envolvendo a desidratação do glicerol, principalmente na última década. Países como Japão, China, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos, por serem grandes produtores de biodiesel e/ou se preocuparem com energia limpa, vem depositando um grande número de patentes acerca deste tema. As empresas Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind (Japão) e a Arkema France (França) são as principais responsáveis pelo depósito de patentes, cujo principal produto de interesse é a acroleína, um aldeído acíclico de alto valor agregado

Model-assisted phenotyping by digital images in papaya breeding program

Manual phenotyping for papaya Carica papaya (L) breeding purposes limits the evaluation of a great number of plants and hampers selection of superior genotypes. This study aimed to validate two methodologies for the phenotyping of morpho-agronomic plant traits using image analysis and fruit traits through image processing. In plants of the ‘THB’ variety and ‘UENF/Caliman-01’ hybrid two images (A and B) were analyzed to estimate commercial and irregularly shaped fruits. Image A was also used in the estimation of plant height, stem diameter and the first fruit insertion height. In ‘THB’ fruits, largest and smallest diameters, length, and volume were estimated by using a caliper and image processing (IP). Volume was obtained by water column displacement (WCD) and by the expression of ellipsoid approximation (EA). Correlations above 0.85 between manual and image measurements were obtained for all traits. The averages of the morpho-agronomic traits, estimated by using images, were similar when compared to the averages measured manually. In addition, the errors of the proposed methodologies were low compared to manual phenotyping. Bland-Altman's approach indicated agreement between the volume estimated by WCD and EA using caliper and IP. The strong association obtained between volume and fruit weight suggests the use of regression to estimate this trait. Thus, the expectation is that image-based phenotyping can be used to expand the experiments, thereby maintaining accuracy and providing greater genetic gains in the selection of superior genotypes

Hepatitis C among blood donors: cascade of care and predictors of loss to follow-up

OBJECTIVE To investigate the HCV cascade of care and to identify the factors associated with loss or absence to follow-up of patients identified as infected with hepatitis C through blood donation. METHODS Blood donors from 1994 to 2012, identified with positive anti- HCV by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot tests were invited to participate in the study, through letters or phone calls. Patients who agreed to participate were interviewed and their blood samples were collected for further testing. The following variables were investigated: demographic data, data on comorbidities and history concerning monitoring of hepatitis C. Multiple regression analysis by Poisson regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with non-referral for consultation or loss of follow-up. RESULTS Of the 2,952 HCV-infected blood donors, 22.8% agreed to participate: 394 (58.2%) male, median age 48 years old and 364 (53.8%) Caucasian. Of the 676 participants, 39.7% did not receive proper follow-up or treatment after diagnosis: 45 patients referred not to be aware they were infected, 61 did not seek medical attention and 163 started a follow-up program, but were non-adherent. The main reasons for inadequate follow-up were not understanding the need for medical care (71%) and health care access difficulties (14%). The variables showing a significant association with inadequate follow-up after multiple regression analysis were male gender (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.15–1.71), age under or equal to 50 years (PR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.12–1.65) and non-Caucasians (PR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.27–1.84). CONCLUSIONS About 40.0% of patients did not receive appropriate follow-up. These data reinforce the need to establish strong links between primary care and reference centers and the need to improve access to specialists and treatments

QTLs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode, races 3, 9, and 14 in cultivar Hartwig

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar locos associados a características quantitativas (QTL) de efeito maior e menor para a resistência às raças 3, 9 e 14 do nematoide do cisto da soja (NCS) na cultivar Hartwig, mapear novos QTLs de resistência para estas raças e verificar a existência de interações epistáticas entre QTLs. A cultivar Hartwig é uma importante fonte de resistência ao NCS. Linhagens endogâmicas recombinantes (LER) obtidas do cruzamento entre 'Hartwig' (resistente) e Y23 (suscetível) foram avaliadas quanto à resistência às três raças. Novas regiões genômicas de resistência ao NCS foram identificadas por microssatélites. Quatro QTLs, que explicaram entre 12 e 34% da variância fenotípica, foram detectados para a resistência à raça 3 nos grupos de ligação (GL) A2, G, J e M. O QTL no GL G também é importante para a resistência à raça 9. Interações epistáticas foram detectadas entre loci, o que indica resistência às raças 9 e 14. Há QTLs de maior e menor efeito para a resistência ao NCS.The objective of this work was to identify major and minor-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to races 3, 9, and 14 of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in Hartwig cultivar; to map new resistance QTLs for these races; and to check for the existence of epistatic interactions between QTLs. Cultivar Hartwig is an important resistance source to SCN. Recombinant inbred lines (RIL) obtained from a cross between 'Hartwig' (resistant) and Y23 (susceptible) were evaluated regarding resistance to the three races. New genomic regions for resistance to SCN were identified by microsatellites. Four QTLs, which explained between 12 and 34% of phenotypic variance, were detected for resistance to race 3 in linkage groups (LG) A2, G, J, and M. The QTL in LG G is also important for resistance to race 9. Epistatic interactions were detected between loci, which indicate resistance to races 9 and 14. There are high and low-effect resistance QTLs to SCN

Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por doenças hipertensivas gestacionais no Brasil e em Sergipe, de 2010-2020 / Epidemiological profile of maternal mortality from gestational hypertensive diseases in Brazil and Sergipe, 2010-2020

Introdução: As síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais (SHG) são uma das maiores causas de morbimortalidade materna. Dentre essas síndromes estão: Pré-Eclâmpsia, Eclâmpsia, Hipertensão Crônica e Síndrome HELLP. Devido à alta prevalência de óbitos por estas condições, atualizações sobre os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos são importantes para o adequado manejo destas Síndromes. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico das pacientes que apresentaram óbito por SHG entre 2010 e 2020, no Brasil e no estado de Sergipe, destacando as características socioeconômicas maternas e local e momento de ocorrência das mortes, a fim de salientar os pontos de entrave no pré-natal, periparto e puerpério. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e descritivo, com informações coletadas no banco de dados TabNet-DataSUS, com análise do perfil de mortes maternas por SHG, no Brasil e em Sergipe, no período de 2010-2020, usando os seguintes códigos da CID-10: O10-Hipertensão pré-existente com complicação grave no parto e puerpério; O11-Distúrbio hipertensivo pré-existente + proteinúria superposta; O14-Hipertensão gestacional sem proteinúria significativa; O15-Eclâmpsia. Os critérios avaliados foram: prevalência, etnia/raça, escolaridade, período e local da morte. Resultados: Foram registrados 3.395 óbitos no Brasil entre 2010-2020, sendo 1,65%(56 óbitos) em Sergipe, e a maioria decorrente da eclâmpsia 50,81%. As mulheres pardas representam a maioria dos óbitos por SHG(53,91%), e também em Sergipe(60,71%). Sobre o nível de escolaridade, 1.244 mortes(36,64%) ocorreram em mulheres com 8-11 anos de estudos e, em Sergipe, a maior prevalência também se apresentou nessa categoria, com 23 mortes(41,07%). Além disso, no Brasil, a mortalidade materna foi maior no puerpério (60,41%), como também  em Sergipe, onde 1,90% dos óbitos ocorreram no período puerperal. Conclusão: A prevalência de morte materna por SHG é alta no Brasil e no Estado de Sergipe. O perfil epidemiológico destas pacientes é formado por mulheres de média escolaridade, pardas e nordestinas, sendo o momento de maior prevalência os 45 dias pós-parto, e a maior frequência de óbitos em ambiente hospitalar. Em Sergipe, o perfil se assemelha ao padrão do país

MULHER DE MEIA-IDADE: DESAFIOS AO CUIDADO PROXIMAL NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA EM SAÚDE

Estudo qualitativo de imbricamento pesquisa-extensão, objetivou conhecer os desafios que as mulheres de meia-idade encontram na Unidade Básica de Saúde aos cuidados na fase de climatério. Participaram 17 mulheres, idade entre 40 a 60 que responderam um questionário na ferramenta Google forms, pelo contexto de isolamento social em decorrência da pandemia pelo Covid-19. Os resultados evidenciaram que as mulheres são invisíveis na fase de climatério, tendo a atenção em saúde voltada às ações programáticas estabelecidas como do Programa Hiperdia e as especificidades da fase de climatério negligenciadas. Evidencia-se como necessário assegurar o direito integral e constitucional em todas as fases do viver e envelhecer da mulher. &nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt