La importancia del juego en el desarrollo motriz del ni?o en la edad preescolar de la instituci?n educativa exalumnas de la presentaci?n de Ibagu? Tolima

66 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste proyecto de investigaci?n fue realizado con el fin de conocer las dificultades motrices de las estudiantes de preescolar de la Instituci?n Educativa Exalumnas de la Presentaci?n de la ciudad de Ibagu?, en los aspectos l?dicos deportivos, desarrollo psicol?gico, social y aprendizajes. Pretendiendo aplicar estrategias pedag?gicas donde el juego sea la herramienta para el desarrollo motriz de la edad preescolar. Es as?, que este trabajo de investigaci?n descriptivo tiene como finalidad definir, clasificar y caracterizar el objeto de estudio sobre la importancia del juego en el desarrollo de las ni?as, d?ndonos como resultado una muestra cualitativa, observacional donde se registrar el comportamiento habitual de los educandos. De igual forma nos basamos en autores como Piaget que nos muestra el juego y los juguetes como "materiales ?tiles" para el desarrollo psicomotor, sensorio motor, cognitivo, del pensamiento l?gico y del lenguaje en el ni?o y Vigotsky que habla del juego como instrumento y recurso socio-cultural, el papel gozoso de ser un elemento impulsor del desarrollo mental del ni?o, facilitando el desarrollo de las funciones superiores del entendimiento tales como la atenci?n o la memoria voluntaria. Como resultados esperados se busca que por medio del juego se puedan desarrollar dichas habilidades motrices de las ni?as de la instituci?n educativa exalumnas de la presentaci?n teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente nombrado y con el apoyo de directivos docentes y dem?s entes que nos pueden brindar su colaboraci?n y aportes para la realizaci?n de dicho proyecto.This research project was carried out with the purpose of knowing the motor difficulties of the preschool students of the Educational Institution Exalumnas of the Presentation of Ibague city, in the sporting aspects, psychological, social development and learning. Pretending to apply pedagogical strategies where the game is the tool for the motor development of the preschool age. Thus, this descriptive research aims to define, classify and characterize the object of study on the importance of game in the development of girls, giving us as a result a qualitative, observational sample where the usual behavior of learners. Likewise, we are based on authors such as Piaget who shows us the game and toys as "useful materials" for the psychomotor, sensory motor, cognitive development of logical thinking and language in the child and Vigotsky that speaks of the game as an instrument and Socio-cultural resource, the joyful role of being a driving force of the child's mental development, facilitating the development of higher functions of understanding such as attention or voluntary memory. As expected results it is sought that through the game can be developed such motor skills of the girls of the educational institution exalumnas of the presentation taking into account the aforementioned and with the support of teaching directors and other entities that can provide their collaboration and contributions for the realization of this project. Keywords: Motor, game, learning, strategy, development, psychological, socia

Gobierno y eficiencia de las cajas de ahorro espa¤olas

El presente trabajo analiza la relaci¢n existente entre la composici¢n y estructura de los ¢rganos de gobierno de las cajas de ahorros espa¤olas y su eficiencia en el a¤o 1999. Utilizando ecuaciones tobit los resultados del estudio constatan la existencia de una relaci¢n negativa entre la participaci¢n de las administraciones p£blicas en el consejo de administraci¢n de las cajas y su eficiencia en costes calculada, alternativamente, a trav‚s de un modelo de frontera eficiente y de la ratio gastos de explotaci¢n entre margen ordinario. Asimismo se evidencia una relaci¢n positiva entre la participaci¢n de pol¡ticos en el consejo y la canalizaci¢n de mayores recursos financieros hacia obras sociales.Teor¡a de la agencia; gobierno corporativo; consejo de administraci¢n; cajas de ahorros; eficiencia

Tipologia textual una herramienta para la producci?n escritural en los estudinates de los grados quinto y sexto de educaci?n b?sica del colegio parroquial de Nuestra Se?ora

171 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto de investigaci?n se desarroll? con los estudiantes del Grado quinto y sexto del Colegio Parroquial de Nuestra Se?ora, donde se identific? un alto grado de dificultad en la producci?n escrita, puesto que los estudiantes tienden a escribir oraciones o fragmentos, sin incorporar elementos sint?cticos de concordancia, cohesi?n e intencionalidad comunicativa en sus producciones. Por esta raz?n, el proyecto contribuye al desarrollo de la producci?n textual de los estudiantes para que produzcan diferentes tipos de textos, de tal manera que asuman la escritura como un proceso que les permite comprender e interpretar el mundo que les rodea y puedan utilizarla en cualquier contexto en particular donde se desenvuelvan. Para diversos autores (Daniel Cassany, Victor Miguel Ni?o y Van Dijk), la escritura es algo m?s que un simple artefacto mec?nico. Se considera el m?s grande invento manual-intelectual creado por el hombre, realizado manualmente, o por medios impresos o electr?nicos. Frente a esta mirada de la escritura se hace evidente la necesidad de continuar produciendo herramientas pedag?gicas que permitan resolver los m?ltiples problemas de la ense?anza de la lengua escrita. Con esta finalidad, los resultados de este trabajo investigativo brindaron los siguientes aportes. Los ni?os y las ni?as se acercaron al mundo de la escritura de una manera significativa y agradable, creando escritos a partir de las tipolog?as textuales. El dise?o metodol?gico se desarroll? en tres etapas: Observaci?n y diagn?stico, implementaci?n y evaluaci?n, teniendo como base la implementaci?n los talleres guiados como estrategia para fortalecer los procesos de escritura por medio de diferentes textosThe project of investigation developed with the students of the fifth and sixth Degree of the Parochial College of Our Lady, where a high degree of difficulty was identified in the written production, since the students tend to write prayers or fragments, without incorporating syntactic elements of conformity, cohesion and communicative premeditation in his productions. For this reason, the project tried to contribute to the development of the textual production of the students in order that they produce different types of texts, in such a way that they assume the writing as a process that allows them to understand and to interpret the world that they makes a detour and could use it in any context especially where they are unrolled. For diverse authors (Daniel Cassany, Victor Miguel Ni?o y Van Dijk), the writing is something more than a simple mechanical appliance. It is considered to be the biggest manual - intellectual invention created by the man, realized manually, or for printed or electronic means. Opposite to this look of the writing the need to continue becomes evident producing pedagogic tools that allow solving the multiple problems of the education of the written language. With this purpose, the results of this work investigative offered the following contributions. The children and the girls approached the world of the writing of a significant and agreeable way, creating writings from the textual typologies. The methodological design developed in three stages: Observation and diagnosis, implementation and evaluation, taking the implementation as a base the workshops guided as strategy to strengthen the processes of writing by means of different texts. Keywords: Writing, textual production, typologies textual, holding a permit workshop

Influence of Sex on Stroke Prognosis: A Demographic, Clinical, and Molecular Analysis

Identifying the complexities of the effect of sex on stroke risk, etiology, and lesion progression may lead to advances in the treatment and care of ischemic stroke (IS) and non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage patients (ICH). We studied the sex-related discrepancies on the clinical course of patients with IS and ICH, and we also evaluated possible molecular mechanisms involved. The study's main variable was the patient's functional outcome at 3-months. Logistic regression models were used in order to study the influence of sex on different inflammatory, endothelial and atrial dysfunction markers. We recruited 5,021 patients; 4,060 IS (54.8% male, 45.2% female) and 961 ICH (57.1% male, 42.9% female). Women were on average 5.7 years older than men (6.4 years in IS, 5.1 years in ICH), and more likely to have previous poor functional status, to suffer atrial fibrillation and to be on anticoagulants. IS patients showed sex-related differences at 3-months regarding poorer outcome (55.6% women, 43.6% men, p < 0.0001), but this relationship was not found in ICH (56.8% vs. 61.9%, p = 0.127). In IS, women had higher levels of NT-proBNP and 3-months worse outcome in both cardioembolic and non-cardioembolic stroke patients. Stroke patients showed sex-related differences in pre-hospital data, clinical variables and molecular markers, but only IS patients presented independent sex-related differences in 3-months poor outcome and mortality. There was a relationship between the molecular marker of atrial dysfunction NT-proBNP and worse functional outcome in women, resulting in a possible indicator of increased dysfunction

Intra- and extra-hospital improvement in ischemic stroke patients: influence of reperfusion therapy and molecular mechanisms

Neuroprotective treatments in ischemic stroke are focused to reduce the pernicious effect of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, those cellular and molecular mechanisms may also have beneficial effects, especially during the late stages of the ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical improvement of ischemic stroke patients and the time-dependent excitotoxicity and inflammation. We included 4295 ischemic stroke patients in a retrospective study. The main outcomes were intra and extra-hospital improvement. High glutamate and IL-6 levels at 24 hours were associated with a worse intra-hospital improvement (OR:0.993, 95%CI: 0.990-0.996 and OR:0.990, 95%CI: 0.985-0.995). High glutamate and IL-6 levels at 24 hours were associated with better extra-hospital improvement (OR:1.13 95%CI, 1.07-1.12 and OR:1.14, 95%CI, 1.09-1.18). Effective reperfusion after recanalization showed the best clinical outcome. However, the long term recovery is less marked in patients with an effective reperfusion. The variations of glutamate and IL6 levels in the first 24 hours clearly showed a relationship between the molecular components of the ischemic cascade and the clinical outcome of patients. Our findings suggest that the rapid reperfusion after recanalization treatment blocks the molecular response to ischemia that is associated with restorative processes

Regulatory T cells participate in the recovery of ischemic stroke patients

BACKGROUND: Recent preclinical studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in the immune response after ischemic stroke (IS). However, the role of Treg in human acute IS has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to study the relationship between circulating Treg and outcome in human IS patients. METHODS: A total of 204 IS patients and 22 control subjects were recruited. The main study variable was good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin scale </=2) considering infarct volume, Early Neurological Deterioration (END) and risk of infections as secondary variables. The percentage of circulating Treg was measured at admission, 48, 72 h and at day 7 after stroke onset. RESULTS: Circulating Treg levels were higher in IS patients compared to control subjects. Treg at 48 h were independently associated with good functional outcome (OR, 3.5; CI: 1.9-7.8) after adjusting by confounding factors. Patients with lower Treg at 48 h showed higher frequency of END and risk of infections. In addition, a negative correlation was found between circulating Treg at 48 h (r = - 0.414) and 72 h (r = - 0.418) and infarct volume. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Treg may participate in the recovery of IS patients. Therefore, Treg may be considered a potential therapeutic target in acute ischemic stroke

LipoDDx: a mobile application for identification of rare lipodystrophy syndromes

BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of disorders characterized by a loss of adipose tissue once other situations of nutritional deprivation or exacerbated catabolism have been ruled out. With the exception of the HIV-associated lipodystrophy, they have a very low prevalence, which together with their large phenotypic heterogeneity makes their identification difficult, even for endocrinologists and pediatricians. This leads to significant delays in diagnosis or even to misdiagnosis. Our group has developed an algorithm that identifies the more than 40 rare lipodystrophy subtypes described to date. This algorithm has been implemented in a free mobile application, LipoDDx(R). Our aim was to establish the effectiveness of LipoDDx(R). Forty clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of certainty of most lipodystrophy subtypes were analyzed, including subjects without lipodystrophy. The medical records, blinded for diagnosis, were evaluated by 13 physicians, 1 biochemist and 1 dentist. Each evaluator first gave his/her results based on his/her own criteria. Then, a second diagnosis was given using LipoDDx(R). The results were analysed based on a score table according to the complexity of each case and the prevalence of the disease. RESULTS: LipoDDx(R) provides a user-friendly environment, based on usually dichotomous questions or choice of clinical signs from drop-down menus. The final result provided by this app for a particular case can be a low/high probability of suffering a particular lipodystrophy subtype. Without using LipoDDx(R) the success rate was 17 +/- 20%, while with LipoDDx(R) the success rate was 79 +/- 20% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LipoDDx(R) is a free app that enables the identification of subtypes of rare lipodystrophies, which in this small cohort has around 80% effectiveness, which will be of help to doctors who are not experts in this field. However, it will be necessary to analyze more cases in order to obtain a more accurate efficiency value

Interplay of DNA supercoiling and catenation during the segregation of sister duplexes

The discrete regulation of supercoiling, catenation and knotting by DNA topoisomerases is well documented both in vivo and in vitro, but the interplay between them is still poorly understood. Here we studied DNA catenanes of bacterial plasmids arising as a result of DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells whose topoisomerase IV activity was inhibited. We combined high-resolution two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis with numerical simulations in order to better understand the relationship between the negative supercoiling of DNA generated by DNA gyrase and the DNA interlinking resulting from replication of circular DNA molecules. We showed that in those replication intermediates formed in vivo, catenation and negative supercoiling compete with each other. In interlinked molecules with high catenation numbers negative supercoiling is greatly limited. However, when interlinking decreases, as required for the segregation of newly replicated sister duplexes, their negative supercoiling increases. This observation indicates that negative supercoiling plays an active role during progressive decatenation of newly replicated DNA molecules in vivo

Invasive Mutualists Erode Native Pollination Webs

Plant–animal mutualisms are characterized by weak or asymmetric mutual dependences between interacting species, a feature that could increase community stability. If invasive species integrate into mutualistic webs, they may alter web structure, with consequences for species persistence. However, the effect of alien mutualists on the architecture of plant–pollinator webs remains largely unexplored. We analyzed the extent of mutual dependency between interacting species, as a measure of mutualism strength, and the connectivity of 10 paired plant–pollinator webs, eight from forests of the southern Andes and two from oceanic islands, with different incidences of alien species. Highly invaded webs exhibited weaker mutualism than less-invaded webs. This potential increase in network stability was the result of a disproportionate increase in the importance and participation of alien species in the most asymmetric interactions. The integration of alien mutualists did not alter overall network connectivity, but links were transferred from generalist native species to super-generalist alien species during invasion. Therefore, connectivity among native species declined in highly invaded webs. These modifications in the structure of pollination webs, due to dominance of alien mutualists, can leave many native species subject to novel ecological and evolutionary dynamics