A multimodal brain imaging dataset on sleep deprivation in young and old humans

The Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study I is a functional brain imaging study of 48 younger (20-30 years) and 36 older (65-75 years) healthy participants, with magnetic resonance imaging after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation in a crossover design. We performed experiments investigating emotional mimicry, empathy for pain, and cognitive reappraisal, as well as resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also acquired T1- and T2-weighted structural images and diffusion tensor images (DTI). On the night before imaging, participants were monitored with ambulatory polysomnography and were instructed to sleep either as usual or only three hours. Participants came to the scanner the following evening. Besides MRI scanning, participants underwent behavioral tests and contributed blood samples, which have been stored in a biobank and used for DNA analyses. Participants also completed a variety of self-report measures. The resulting multimodal dataset may be useful for hypothesis generation or independent validation of effects of sleep deprivation and aging, as well as investigation of cross-sectional associations between the different outcomesNoneManuscrip

ENIGMA-anxiety working group : Rationale for and organization of large-scale neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders

Altres ajuts: Anxiety Disorders Research Network European College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Claude Leon Postdoctoral Fellowship; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, 44541416-TRR58); EU7th Frame Work Marie Curie Actions International Staff Exchange Scheme grant 'European and South African Research Network in Anxiety Disorders' (EUSARNAD); Geestkracht programme of the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, 10-000-1002); Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) program within the National Institute of Mental Health under the Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP, MH002781); National Institute of Mental Health under the Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP, ZIA-MH-002782); SA Medical Research Council; U.S. National Institutes of Health grants (P01 AG026572, P01 AG055367, P41 EB015922, R01 AG060610, R56 AG058854, RF1 AG051710, U54 EB020403).Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA-Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders

Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan: a cross-sectional pooled mega analysis

Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS – or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between cortical thickness and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research

En studie av samspel mellan elever i behov av särskilt stöd, i klassen respektive lilla gruppen

Den teoretiska utgångspunkt som denna undersökning grundar sig på är Vygotskijs teori om samspelets betydelse för lärande. Vygotskij menade att individen lär sig mer i samspel med mer kompetenta individer än vad de kan göra själva. Syftet var att med detta examensarbete undersöka några elever som anses vara i behov av särskilt stöd och se på hur de samspelar med kamraterna i den stora klassen, samt hur samspelet ser ut då de arbetar i liten grupp med specialpedagogen. En kvalitativ undersökningsmetod användes där observationer av tre elever i behov av särskilt stöd i en åldersintegrerad tre-fyra klass, studerats. Detta uppföljdes med semistrukturerade intervjuer av klasslärare och specialpedagog, där syftet var att få en inblick i deras tankar kring samspel och hur de upplever att samspel sker i undervisningen. Undersökningen visade på att det fanns samspel mellan eleverna i båda gruppkonstellationerna, och att detta skedde spontant utan att pedagogerna påpekade för eleverna att de kunde ta hjälp av varandra. Det fanns en viss skillnad då eleverna i klassen är fler i antal än i den lilla gruppen och därmed blev det också fler möjligheter till samspelssituationer. I litteraturgenomgången lyfts relevanta områden, såsom samspel, samspelets betydelse för inlärning, elever i behov av särskilt stöd, segregering/integrering och till sist vad en skola för alla innebär

Full-time as norm, lifequality for who? : A qualitative study of the transition of female employees from part-time to full-time in elderly care and its impact on psychosocial work environment

Full-time as norm, lifequality for who? A qualitative study of the transition of female employees from part-time to full-time in elderlycare and its impact on psychosocial work environment Several municipalities in Sweden have started to implement the Full-time journey or in otherwords full-time as the norm in a number of care and nursing homes. With intentions to meetthe future recruitment challenges welfare faces. The purpose of the study is to increase theunderstanding of how the implementation of the Full-time journey affects the psychosocialwork environment of the working women, limited to a selected nursing home for the elderlyin southern Sweden. The gender orientation was chosen because the gender equality issue ispartly a reason why the project, The Full-time Journey, started and partly because there is aproblem regarding the role division between women and men that affects women's well-beingand ability to work full time.The study has been based on three problem statements tocapture: the transition from part-time work to full-time work, the balance between work andprivate life and psychosocial aspects among the respondents.The empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with a sampleof six assistant nurses and a care assistant who worked up to twenty years at theaccommodation. To the material, three theories have been hand-picked to support theempirical data in this qualitative study. The results of the study show that the experiences ofThe Full-time Journey implementation are both positive and negative with a strongconnection to employees' family situation. It can be concluded that women enter full-timeemployment with quality of life as a contribution.Heltid som norm, livskvalité för vem? En kvalitativ studie om kvinnliga medarbetares övergång från deltid till heltid inomäldreomsorgen och dess påverkan på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön Ett flertal kommuner i Sverige har påbörjat implementeringen av Heltidsresan eller iklarspråk infört heltid som norm på sina vårdboenden. Detta för att möta de framtidarekryteringsutmaningarna välfärden står inför. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hurimplementeringen av Heltidsresan inverkat på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön hos de arbetandekvinnorna, avgränsat till ett utvalt vårdboende för äldre i södra Sverige. Könsinriktningenvaldes för att jämställdhetsfrågan dels är en grund till varför projektet, Heltidsresan, startadeoch dels för att det finns en problematik rörande rollfördelning av kvinnor och män sominverkar på kvinnors välmående samt förmåga att arbeta heltid. Studien har tagit utgångspunktfrån tre frågeställningar för att fånga in: övergången från deltidsarbete till heltidsarbete,balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv samt psykosociala aspekter hos respondenterna.Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med ett urval avsex undersköterskor och ett vårdbiträde som arbetat upp till tjugo år på boendet. Tillmaterialet har tre teorier handplockats för att stödja empirin i denna kvalitativa studie.Resultatet i studien visar på att upplevelserna av Heltidsresans implementering är bådepositiva och negativa med ett starkt samband till medarbetarnas familjesituation. Slutsatsensom dras är att kvinnor går in i heltidsanställningar med livskvalité som insats

Full-time as norm, lifequality for who? : A qualitative study of the transition of female employees from part-time to full-time in elderly care and its impact on psychosocial work environment

Full-time as norm, lifequality for who? A qualitative study of the transition of female employees from part-time to full-time in elderlycare and its impact on psychosocial work environment Several municipalities in Sweden have started to implement the Full-time journey or in otherwords full-time as the norm in a number of care and nursing homes. With intentions to meetthe future recruitment challenges welfare faces. The purpose of the study is to increase theunderstanding of how the implementation of the Full-time journey affects the psychosocialwork environment of the working women, limited to a selected nursing home for the elderlyin southern Sweden. The gender orientation was chosen because the gender equality issue ispartly a reason why the project, The Full-time Journey, started and partly because there is aproblem regarding the role division between women and men that affects women's well-beingand ability to work full time.The study has been based on three problem statements tocapture: the transition from part-time work to full-time work, the balance between work andprivate life and psychosocial aspects among the respondents.The empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with a sampleof six assistant nurses and a care assistant who worked up to twenty years at theaccommodation. To the material, three theories have been hand-picked to support theempirical data in this qualitative study. The results of the study show that the experiences ofThe Full-time Journey implementation are both positive and negative with a strongconnection to employees' family situation. It can be concluded that women enter full-timeemployment with quality of life as a contribution.Heltid som norm, livskvalité för vem? En kvalitativ studie om kvinnliga medarbetares övergång från deltid till heltid inomäldreomsorgen och dess påverkan på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön Ett flertal kommuner i Sverige har påbörjat implementeringen av Heltidsresan eller iklarspråk infört heltid som norm på sina vårdboenden. Detta för att möta de framtidarekryteringsutmaningarna välfärden står inför. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hurimplementeringen av Heltidsresan inverkat på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön hos de arbetandekvinnorna, avgränsat till ett utvalt vårdboende för äldre i södra Sverige. Könsinriktningenvaldes för att jämställdhetsfrågan dels är en grund till varför projektet, Heltidsresan, startadeoch dels för att det finns en problematik rörande rollfördelning av kvinnor och män sominverkar på kvinnors välmående samt förmåga att arbeta heltid. Studien har tagit utgångspunktfrån tre frågeställningar för att fånga in: övergången från deltidsarbete till heltidsarbete,balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv samt psykosociala aspekter hos respondenterna.Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med ett urval avsex undersköterskor och ett vårdbiträde som arbetat upp till tjugo år på boendet. Tillmaterialet har tre teorier handplockats för att stödja empirin i denna kvalitativa studie.Resultatet i studien visar på att upplevelserna av Heltidsresans implementering är bådepositiva och negativa med ett starkt samband till medarbetarnas familjesituation. Slutsatsensom dras är att kvinnor går in i heltidsanställningar med livskvalité som insats

Scaffolding for learning and establishing a professional identity : A qualitative descriptive study of nursing students’ experiences of learning with a student-centered supervision model based on patient-oriented care during clinical placement

The nursing profession is close to clinical practice and vital to the student’s professional development. Innovative learning activities and models are sought to improve clinical placements. A student-centered supervision model based on patient-oriented care was introduced in a medical ward. The aim of this study was to describe nursing students’ experiences of learning with a student-centered supervision model based on patient-oriented care during their clinical placement. A qualitative descriptive study involving interviews with 12 nursing students analyzed through inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted in accordance with COREQ. The findings revealed that the nursing students viewed learning as personal, knowledge, and professional development. Their learning experiences can be seen as a process in which the scaffolding is gradually reduced in line with each student’s ability to act independently and establish a professional identity. The model can enhance structure and support in the practice setting to maximize learning.CC BY 4.0</p

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on perioperative factors: data from the Swedish Perioperative Register

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare organizations in many areas. The aim of this study was to describe surgical interventions, anesthesia, and postoperative outcomes in adult patients during the first wave and 1 year into the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, and to compare these outcomes with outcomes during the same period the year before the pandemic. Methods Data were collected from the Swedish PeriOperative Register, and included 417, 233 perioperative registration of patients ≥ 18 years old between period 1 (March–June 2019), period 2 (March–June 2020), and period 3 (March–June 2021). Results Compared with pre-pandemic (period 1), the number of surgical interventions decreased by 28% in the first wave (period 2); 1 year into the pandemic (period 3), the number of interventions was still 7.5% lower than pre-pandemic. The largest drops between periods 1 and 2 were noted in the specialties of ear, nose, and larynx surgery, – 55.6%; teeth, jaws, mouth, and pharynx surgery, – 45.0%; endocrine system surgery, – 38.8%. The number of acute surgeries remained stable during all three periods. Volatiles were more frequently used for the maintenance of general anesthesia in period 2 than in either period 1 or 3 (p < 0.001). Minor differences were noted throughout the periods in postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as postoperative pain. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on perioperative care in Sweden. During the first wave of the pandemic, the number of surgical interventions decreased, but the number of acute surgeries remained stable compared with pre-pandemic numbers. Perioperative organizations have had and will continue to have challenges handling the increased number of patients needing perioperative care