Selection of large beans coffee genotypes for cercosporiosis and coffee leaf rust resistance

The development of disease resistant coffee cultivars is of paramount importance to increase grain yield and decrease production costs. The lack of information on how the new cultivars resist the attack of diseases and pests is a limiting factor in the selection of the best cultivars. Thus, the objective of the present work was to select superior genotypes of the Big Coffee VL group for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola. The experiment consisted of 18 progenies pre-selected from a group of 100 genetic materials, for the trait of productivity. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with six blocks and one plant per experimental plot, totaling 108 individuals. The selected coffee plants were evaluated for 10 months for injuries caused by coffee leaf rust and brown eye spot using commonly used diagrammatic scales. During the evaluated months, the genotypes G10, P32 and M22 were more tolerant to rust and brown eye spot. Thus, they are good candidates for genetic improvement programs with the objective of producing larger grains and adding resistance to the main diseases of arabica coffee.The development of disease resistant coffee cultivars is of paramount importance to increase grain yield and decrease production costs. The lack of information on how the new cultivars resist the attack of diseases and pests is a limiting factor in the selection of the best cultivars. Thus, the objective of the present work was to select superior genotypes of the Big Coffee VL group for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola. The experiment consisted of 18 progenies pre-selected from a group of 100 genetic materials, for the trait of productivity. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with six blocks and one plant per experimental plot, totaling 108 individuals. The selected coffee plants were evaluated for 10 months for injuries caused by coffee leaf rust and brown eye spot using commonly used diagrammatic scales. During the evaluated months, the genotypes G10, P32 and M22 were more tolerant to rust and brown eye spot. Thus, they are good candidates for genetic improvement programs with the objective of producing larger grains and adding resistance to the main diseases of arabica coffee

DIFERENTES GENÓTIPOS DE MILHO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MINIMILHO

Minimilho ou “baby corn” é o nome dado à inflorescência feminina do milho, antes da polinização, ou seja, é a espiga de milho em desenvolvimento. A colheita é realizada manualmente e ocorre de dois a três dias após a emissão dos estilo-estigmas. Ele é consumido in natura ou em conservas acidificadas na forma de petisco, picles, saladas e na confecção de pratos como risotos, sopas e guarnições acompanhadas com carnes e peixe grelhados O minimilho é considerado uma hortícola, devido o tempo gasto da semeadura à colheita. A produção de minimilho pode ser considerado com uma das alternativas para diversificar a produção e aumentar a rentabilidade na agricultura familiar.  Objetivou-se com a realização deste trabalho elaborar uma revisão de literatura sobre avaliação de diferentes genótipos de milho para produção de minimilho. Com base na literatura ainda não é possível recomendar cultivares de milho para produção de minimilho

PROJETO ACOLHER

O projeto acolher é uma rede de acompanhamento para os acadêmicos dos três primeiros períodos, indígenas e quilombolas do curso de Engenharia Civil, onde busca-se para os ingressantes a promoção e o nivelamento a partir da oferta inicial de um curso de matemática básica a fim de preencher as lacunas de aprendizagem através de aulas presenciais e atividades extra classe para que o discente possa revisar os principais conteúdos expostos no ensino médio com uma visão mais rigorosa e técnica preparando-o para um melhor aproveitamento do curso de engenharia, e o acompanhamento continuado além dos períodos iniciais para os indígenas e quilombolas

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Perfil clínico-demográfico e indicadores de qualidade da insuficiência cardíaca em uma área rural Perfil clínico demográfico e indicadores de calidad de la insuficiencia cardíaca en un área rural Clinical and demographic profile and quality indicators for heart failure in a rural area

FUNDAMENTOS: Os dados sobre insuficiência cardíaca (IC) no Brasil são provenientes de centros terciários. Esses dados não podem ser extrapolados para a população rural, pois refletem características socioeconômico-culturais distintas. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o perfil clínico-demográfico e indicadores de qualidade da IC em área rural. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte transversal, incluindo 166 pacientes da área rural do município de Valença-RJ. Após avaliação dos dados clínicos, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficos e utilizados o teste do qui-quadrado e o exato de Fisher para a análise das proporções, assim como o teste t de Student para as variáveis numéricas, com o intuito de estabelecer as características da população. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 61±14 anos, sendo 85 (51%) homens; 88 (53%) afrobrasileiros e 85 (51%) com ICFER. Comorbidades prevalentes: HAS em 151 (91%) e síndrome metabólica (SM) em 103 (62%). Etiologias mais comuns: hipertensiva em 77 (46%), isquêmica em 62 (37%). Indicadores de qualidade na IC: 43 (26%) com ecocardiograma prévio; 102 (62%) utilizavam betabloqueador; 147 (88%) receberam IECA ou BRA; e 22% dos portadores de FA utilizavam anticoagulação oral. Na ICFEN, predominou o sexo feminino p=0,001 RC 0,32 CI (0,17-0,60); SM p=0,004 RC 0,28 CI (1,31-4,78); e etiologia hipertensiva p<0,0001 RC 6,83 CI (3,45-13,5). Na ICFER, predominou o sexo masculino p=0,001, RC 0,32 CI (0,170-0,605) e etiologia isquêmica p<0,0001 RC 0,16 CI (0,079-0,330). CONCLUSÃO: Na área rural, a IC mostra semelhanças em relação ao sexo, cor e classificação da IC. A etiologia mais comum foi a hipertensiva. A ICFEN foi mais prevalente em mulheres e na SM. A ICFER associou-se a homens e etiologia isquêmica.<br>FUNDAMENTOS: Los datos sobre insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en Brasil provienen de centros terciarios. Estos datos no pueden ser extrapolados para la población rural, pues reflejan características socioeconómicas y culturales distintas. OBJETIVO: Establecer el perfil clínico-demográfico e indicadores de calidad de la IC en área rural. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte transversal, incluyendo 166 pacientes del área rural del municipio de Valença - RJ. Después de la evaluación de los datos clínicos, de laboratorio y ecocardiográficos, y utilizados el test de chi-cuadrado y el exacto de Fisher para el análisis de las proporciones, así como el test t de Student para las variables numéricas, con el objetivo de establecer las características de la población. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio era de 61±14 años, siendo 85 (51%) hombres; 88 (53%) afrobrasileños y 85 (51%) con ICFER. Comorbilidades prevalentes: HAS 151 (91%) y síndrome metabólico (SM) 103 (62%). Etiologías más comunes: hipertensiva 77 (46%), isquémica 62 (37%). Indicadores de calidad en la IC: 43 (26%) con ecocardiograma previo; 102 (62%); utilizaban betabloqueante; 147 (88%) recibieron IECA o BRA; y 22% de los portadores de FA utilizaban anticoagulación oral. En la ICFEN predominó el sexo femenino p=0,001 RR 0,32 CI (0,17-0,60); SM p=0,004 RR 0,28 CI (1,31-4,78); y etiología hipertensiva p<0,0001 RR 6,83 CI (3,45-13,5). En la ICFER predominó el sexo masculino p=0,001, RR 0,32 CI (0,170-0,605) y etiología isquémica p<0,0001 RR 0,16 CI (0,079-0,330). CONCLUSIÓN: En el área rural, la IC muestra semejanzas con relación al sexo, color y clasificación de la IC. La etiología más común fue la hipertensiva. La ICFEN fue más prevalente en mujeres y en el SM. La ICFER se asoció a hombres y etiología isquémica.<br>BACKGROUND: data on heart failure (HF) in Brazil are ensued from tertiary centers. This information can not be extended to the rural population, for it reflects distinct social, economic and cultural characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical and demographic profile and quality indicators for HF in rural areas. METHODS: Transversal cohort study that included 166 patients from the rural area of Valença, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. After the evaluation of clinical, laboratorial and echocardiograph data, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis of proportion, as well as the Student's t-test for numeric variables, in order to establish the population's characteristics. RESULTS: Mean age was 61±14 years old, as 85 of them (51%) were men, 88 (53%) were afro-Brazilian and 85 (51%) had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Systemic arterial hypertension (151 patients, 91%) and metabolic syndrome (103 patients, 62%) were prevalent comorbidities. The most common etiologies were: hypertensive (77 patients, 46%) and ischemic (62 patients, 37%). Quality indicators in HF were: 43 patients (26%) with previous echocardiogram, 102 patients (62%) were in use of beta-blockers, 147 patients (88%) received angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and 22% of the patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) were under treatment with oral anticoagulation. For heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF), females (p=0.001; OD: 0.32; CI=0.17-0.60), metabolic syndrome (p=0.004; OD: 0.28; CI=1.31-4.78) and hypertensive etiology (p<0.0001; OD: 6.83; CI=3.45-13.5) were predominant. For CIREF, males (p=0.001; OD: 0.32; CI=0.170-0.605) and ischemic etiology (p<0.0001; OD: 0.16; CI=0.079-0.330) were predominant. CONCLUSION: In rural areas, HF shows similarity with regard to sex, ethnicity and classification. Hypertensive etiology was the most commonly present. HFNEF was prevalent among women and in the presence of metabolic syndrome, while HFREF was associated with males and ischemic etiology

Putative mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by fluoride: a comprehensive review

Genotoxicity is the ability of an agent to produce damage on the DNA molecule. Considering the strong evidence for a relationship between genetic damage and carcinogenesis, to elucidate the putative mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by fluoride are important to measure the degree of risk involved to human populations. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on genotoxicity induced by fluoride on the basis of its mechanisms of action. In the last 10 years, all published data showed some evidence related to genotoxicity, which is due to mitochondrial disruption, oxidative stress, and cell cycle disturbances. However, this is an area that still requires a lot of investigation since the published data are not sufficient for clarifying the genotoxicity induced by fluoride. Certainly, the new information will be added to those already established for regulatory purposes as a safe way to promote oral healthcare and prevent oral carcinogenesis.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Pathol, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Biosci, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, UNIFESP, Av Ana Costa 95, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Pathol, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Biosci, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, UNIFESP, Av Ana Costa 95, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Acute crack cocaine exposure induces genetic damage in multiple organs of rats

Crack cocaine is a very toxic product derived from cocaine. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic damage in multiple organs of rats following acute exposure to crack cocaine. A total of 20 Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5), as follows: 0, 4.5, 9, and 18 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of crack cocaine administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.). All animals were killed 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The results showed that crack cocaine increased the number of micronucleated cells in bone marrow cells exposed to 18 mg/kg crack cocaine (p < 0.05). Peripheral blood and liver cells presented genetic damage as depicted by single cell gel (comet) assay at 9 and 18 mg/kg doses (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry data revealed significant increase in 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunoexpression in hepatocytes of animals exposed to crack cocaine at 9 and 18 mg/kg (p < 0.05) when compared with negative controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate that crack cocaine is able to induce genomic damage in multiple organs of Wistar rats.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, UNIFESP, Av Ana Costa 95, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, UNIFESP, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Campus Litoral Paulista, Sao Vicente, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Sea Sci, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, UNIFESP, Av Ana Costa 95, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, UNIFESP, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Sea Sci, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Classic form of hypoplastic left heart syndrome diagnosed post-natally: an autopsy report

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease, which, despite the current improved knowledge about its management and surgical treatment, is still associated with high mortality, especially in the early neonatal period and before the second stage of reconstruction surgery. The low rate of prenatal diagnosis and delayed diagnostic suspicion results in unsuccessful therapeutic intervention, even though the real impact of early diagnosis and intervention on mortality and quality of life of patients is still uncertain. Fortunately, this syndrome of challenging treatment is not that frequent. It involves a spectrum of obstructions to the blood flow within the left heart and is characterized by an inappropriate size of the left ventricle associated with a wide variety of valvular dysfunctions. Treatment ranges from heart transplantation to palliative surgical procedures. The authors describe a case of a newborn with HLHS, whose diagnosis was made after birth because of early respiratory failure. Despite the use of prostaglandin the newborn died. An autopsy was performed and the anatomical findings were described