COMPARISON OF INDEX, PARTITION, AND MATERIALIZED VIEW METHODS ON THE ORACLE DATABASE STUDY ON CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REPORTS (LKPP)

The Indonesian Central Government Financial Report (LKPP) is a financial document prepared to increase transparency and accountability in the implementation of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN). It is prepared within a tight schedule, hence changes made by each entity must be updated promptly. Therefore, this research focuses on the optimal table design for presenting financial reports. Query optimization is a major concern in database design, with the use of indexing concepts to increase data search speed. Table partitioning is also a strategy to consider, namely dividing a table into parts that form separate data ranges. The use of a Materialized View (MV) is another alternative, providing increased performance with the space-for-time trade-off principle. Experiments were carried out by comparing the response time of applying index, partition, and materialized views to produce financial report data. Experimental results indicate that materialized views can provide significant advantages when faced with large volumetric data. The decision to choose a materialized view can be considered contextually, depending on the specific needs and characteristics of the data encountered in a database system

All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data

We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1000 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -1.0E-8 Hz/s to zero. Data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4) have been used in this search. Three different semi-coherent methods of transforming and summing strain power from Short Fourier Transforms (SFTs) of the calibrated data have been used. The first, known as "StackSlide", averages normalized power from each SFT. A "weighted Hough" scheme is also developed and used, and which also allows for a multi-interferometer search. The third method, known as "PowerFlux", is a variant of the StackSlide method in which the power is weighted before summing. In both the weighted Hough and PowerFlux methods, the weights are chosen according to the noise and detector antenna-pattern to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report upper limits; we interpret these as limits on this radiation from isolated rotating neutron stars. The best population-based upper limit with 95% confidence on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude, found for simulated sources distributed isotropically across the sky and with isotropically distributed spin-axes, is 4.28E-24 (near 140 Hz). Strict upper limits are also obtained for small patches on the sky for best-case and worst-case inclinations of the spin axes.Comment: 39 pages, 41 figures An error was found in the computation of the C parameter defined in equation 44 which led to its overestimate by 2^(1/4). The correct values for the multi-interferometer, H1 and L1 analyses are 9.2, 9.7, and 9.3, respectively. Figure 32 has been updated accordingly. None of the upper limits presented in the paper were affecte

Search for gravitational waves from binary inspirals in S3 and S4 LIGO data

We report on a search for gravitational waves from the coalescence of compact binaries during the third and fourth LIGO science runs. The search focused on gravitational waves generated during the inspiral phase of the binary evolution. In our analysis, we considered three categories of compact binary systems, ordered by mass: (i) primordial black hole binaries with masses in the range 0.35 M(sun) < m1, m2 < 1.0 M(sun), (ii) binary neutron stars with masses in the range 1.0 M(sun) < m1, m2 < 3.0 M(sun), and (iii) binary black holes with masses in the range 3.0 M(sun)< m1, m2 < m_(max) with the additional constraint m1+ m2 < m_(max), where m_(max) was set to 40.0 M(sun) and 80.0 M(sun) in the third and fourth science runs, respectively. Although the detectors could probe to distances as far as tens of Mpc, no gravitational-wave signals were identified in the 1364 hours of data we analyzed. Assuming a binary population with a Gaussian distribution around 0.75-0.75 M(sun), 1.4-1.4 M(sun), and 5.0-5.0 M(sun), we derived 90%-confidence upper limit rates of 4.9 yr^(-1) L10^(-1) for primordial black hole binaries, 1.2 yr^(-1) L10^(-1) for binary neutron stars, and 0.5 yr^(-1) L10^(-1) for stellar mass binary black holes, where L10 is 10^(10) times the blue light luminosity of the Sun.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Searching for a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves with LIGO

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this science run, we place a limit on the amplitude of a stochastic background of gravitational waves. For a frequency independent spectrum, the new limit is $\Omega_{\rm GW} < 6.5 \times 10^{-5}$. This is currently the most sensitive result in the frequency range 51-150 Hz, with a factor of 13 improvement over the previous LIGO result. We discuss complementarity of the new result with other constraints on a stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we investigate implications of the new result for different models of this background.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure

Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts from Soft Gamma Repeaters

We present the results of a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with Soft Gamma Repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f-modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 which occurred during the first year of LIGO's fifth science run. GW strain upper limits and model-dependent GW emission energy upper limits are estimated for individual bursts using a variety of simulated waveforms. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10^45 and 9x10^52 erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models.Comment: 6 pages, 1 Postscript figur

Astrophysically Triggered Searches for Gravitational Waves: Status and Prospects

In gravitational-wave detection, special emphasis is put onto searches that focus on cosmic events detected by other types of astrophysical observatories. The astrophysical triggers, e.g. from gamma-ray and X-ray satellites, optical telescopes and neutrino observatories, provide a trigger time for analyzing gravitational wave data coincident with the event. In certain cases the expected frequency range, source energetics, directional and progenitor information is also available. Beyond allowing the recognition of gravitational waveforms with amplitudes closer to the noise floor of the detector, these triggered searches should also lead to rich science results even before the onset of Advanced LIGO. In this paper we provide a broad review of LIGO's astrophysically triggered searches and the sources they target

Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in gravitational-wave detectors

Long-baseline laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are operating at a factor of 10 (in amplitude) above the standard quantum limit (SQL) within a broad frequency band. Such a low classical noise budget has already allowed the creation of a controlled 2.7 kg macroscopic oscillator with an effective eigenfrequency of 150 Hz and an occupation number of 200. This result, along with the prospect for further improvements, heralds the new possibility of experimentally probing macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) - quantum mechanical behavior of objects in the realm of everyday experience - using gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper, we provide the mathematical foundation for the first step of a MQM experiment: the preparation of a macroscopic test mass into a nearly minimum-Heisenberg-limited Gaussian quantum state, which is possible if the interferometer's classical noise beats the SQL in a broad frequency band. Our formalism, based on Wiener filtering, allows a straightforward conversion from the classical noise budget of a laser interferometer, in terms of noise spectra, into the strategy for quantum state preparation, and the quality of the prepared state. Using this formalism, we consider how Gaussian entanglement can be built among two macroscopic test masses, and the performance of the planned Advanced LIGO interferometers in quantum-state preparation

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AKSARA JAWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH

Abstract :  The purpose of the research is improving reading ability on Javanese letters at grade IV student of primary school SD Negeri 02 Delingan of Karanganyar in academic year 2015/2016 through the cooperative learning model of make a match type. The form of this research was classroom action research, it consist two cycles that each cycle consist of two meeting. Each cycle has four phases, those are planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subject of this research were teacher and student in grade IV of SD Negeri 02 Delingan Karanganyar in academic year 2015/2016, consist of 34 students. Data collecting technique are observation, interview, documentation, and test. Data validity test of the research was sources triangulation and method triangulation. The techniques of data analysis used analytical interactive model Miles and Huberman, it consist of three components, those are data reduction, data display, and taking the conclusion or verification. The result of the research shows that in each cycle there is an improvement in the reading ability of javanese letters. The improvement can be seen by attainment of the minimum completeness criteria as ³71. The percentage of classical in the pre-cycle was 17,65% of 34 students. Increased in the first cycle became 50% of 34 students and the second cycle increased again became 85,30% of 34 students. Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan membaca aksara Jawa pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Delingan Karanganyar tahun ajaran 2015/2016 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang berlangsung dalam dua siklus yang setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Tiap siklus mempunyai empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Delingan Karanganyar tahun ajaran 2015/2016 sebanyak 34 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes. Uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles &amp; Huberman yang terdiri dari tiga komponen yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan membaca aksara Jawa pada setiap siklus. Peningkatan dapat diketahui dari hasil pencapaian nilai siswa yang memenuhi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebesar ³71. Persentase ketuntasan kelas pada pratindakan masih pada 17,65% dari 34 siswa. Meningkat pada siklus I, yaitu mencapai 50% dari 34 siswa dan pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 85,30% dari 34 siswa

PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TALKING STICK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN ISI BACAAN

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman isi bacaan menggunakan model pembelajaran Talking Stick pada siswa kelas IV SDN Karangasem 1 tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Penelitian ini berbentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Proses penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas IV dengan jumlah 42 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik uji validitas data digunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif meliputi empat langkah yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh data hasil tes sebelum tindakan untuk pemahaman isi bacaan yaitu 60,14, kemudian siklus I meningkat menjadi 68,64,  dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 72,5. Dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal untuk pemahaman isi bacaan sebelum tindakan sebesar 19,04 %, kemudian pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 64,29%, dan pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 80,85%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan model pembelajaran Talking Stick dapat meningkatkan pemahaman isi bacaan pada siswa kelas IV SDN Karangasem 1  tahun ajaran 2014/2015

A Joint Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts with AURIGA and LIGO

The first simultaneous operation of the AURIGA detector and the LIGO observatory was an opportunity to explore real data, joint analysis methods between two very different types of gravitational wave detectors: resonant bars and interferometers. This paper describes a coincident gravitational wave burst search, where data from the LIGO interferometers are cross-correlated at the time of AURIGA candidate events to identify coherent transients. The analysis pipeline is tuned with two thresholds, on the signal-to-noise ratio of AURIGA candidate events and on the significance of the cross-correlation test in LIGO. The false alarm rate is estimated by introducing time shifts between data sets and the network detection efficiency is measured with simulated signals with power in the narrower AURIGA band. In the absence of a detection, we discuss how to set an upper limit on the rate of gravitational waves and to interpret it according to different source models. Due to the short amount of analyzed data and to the high rate of non-Gaussian transients in the detectors noise at the time, the relevance of this study is methodological: this was the first joint search for gravitational wave bursts among detectors with such different spectral sensitivity and the first opportunity for the resonant and interferometric communities to unify languages and techniques in the pursuit of their common goal.Comment: 18 pages, IOP, 12 EPS figure