111 research outputs found

    Alzheimerin tauti omaisten kokemana

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    Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia omaisten kokemuksia Alzheimerin tautia sairastavan kanssa elĂ€misestĂ€. Tutkimus on kirja-analyysi teoksesta Kun ei muista mitĂ€ lusikalla tehdÀÀn (Hervonen, Arponen & JylhĂ€ 2001). Teokseen on koottu dementiayhdistyksen jĂ€senten kertomuksia elĂ€mĂ€stĂ€ muistisairaan omaisen kanssa. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen sisĂ€llönanalyysi, joka toteutettiin kirja-analyysin muodossa kĂ€yttĂ€mĂ€llĂ€ tutkimuskysymyksiĂ€ teoksen aineistoa kĂ€siteltĂ€essĂ€. Teokseen kootuista omaisten kertomuksista kerĂ€ttiin vastauksia tĂ€mĂ€n tutkimuksen tutkimuskysymyksiin. Kirja-analyysin tuloksina saatiin aihekategorioita, joissa omaiset kuvasivat kokemuksiaan Alzheimerin tautia sairastavan kanssa elĂ€mistĂ€ velvollisuutena, hyvĂ€ksymisenĂ€, vaikeuksien tunnistamisena ja muutosten havaitsemisena sairastuneessa. Omaiset kokivat hoitamisen velvollisuudeksi. LĂ€hiomaisen sairastumisen hyvĂ€ksyminen tarkoitti sairauden kohtaamista. Vaikeuksien tunnistaminen oli osa hyvĂ€ksymistĂ€. Omaisten kokemia haasteita Alzheimerin tautia sairastavan kanssa olivat tiedon merkitys, omaisen tukeminen, omaisen vastuu ja taudin vaikutukset. Omaisille annettua tietoa pidettiin tĂ€rkeĂ€nĂ€, mutta omaiset eivĂ€t olleet kokeneet saaneensa riittĂ€vĂ€sti tietoa tai tukea ammattilaisilta. Omaisen vastuu koettiin suureksi ja Alzheimerin tauti vaikutti merkittĂ€vĂ€sti omaisten elĂ€mÀÀn. Omaisten tuen kehittĂ€mistarpeina tutkimuksessa nousi esille sairauden kĂ€sittely, tiedon saaminen ja omaisen jaksaminen. Sairauden kĂ€sittelyyn olisi tarvittu tukea ja apua ja tĂ€hĂ€n olisi vaikuttanut myös tiedon saaminen sairaudesta. TĂ€mĂ€n tutkimuksen mukaan omaisen hyvinvointiin vaikuttivat hoitamisen raskaus ja sitovuus.The purpose of this study was to investigate how family members experience living with a person suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Research is a book analysis of the publication titled “Kun ei muista mitĂ€ lusikalla tehdÀÀn” (Hervonen, Arponen & JylhĂ€ 2001), which is a documentation of stories about living with a person having Alzheimer disease. The experiences have been collected from members of the Finnish Dementia Association (Dementiayhdistys). The research is a book analysis of the above mentioned publication carried out by means of qualitative content analysis. The results of the analysis were a number of categories of the relatives’ experiences about living with a person having Alzheimer's disease. The categories were named as: cohabitation as responsibility, accepting the situation, identification of challenges, and as assessing changes in the progress of the disease. Relatives expressed caring the close relative as a heavy duty. Accepting the illness of the loved one meant concretely facing the whole picture of the disease. Identifying and acknowledging challenges were seen a part of accepting the disease. Challenges experienced by the Alzheimer-patients’ relatives were named as: importance of obtaining knowledge about the disease, need for support, responsibilities of the family member, and the impacts of the disease in the daily life. Obtaining relevant knowledge and information was considered important. The major experience of the relatives pointed out that the authorities or professionals had not provided sufficient information or support. The responsibilities left for the relatives to carry, were seen heavy since the Alzheimer disease affected outstandingly the lives of the close relatives. The analysis merged some developmental needs in family support services, like: how to handle the disease, need for relevant information, and need for support in the daily living. The heavy load of committing to care full-time had a huge impact on the well-being of the relatives

    Family history and perceived risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression

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    Background: Family history is a useful and inexpensive tool to assess risks of multifactorial diseases. Family history enables individualized disease prevention, but its effects on perceived risks of various diseases need to be understood in more detail. We examined how family history relates to perceived risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and depression, and whether these associations are independent of or moderated by sociodemographic factors, health behavior/weight status (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI [kg/mÂČ]), or depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants were Finnish 25−74-year-olds (N=6258) from a population-based FINRISK 2007 study. Perceived absolute lifetime risks (1–5) and first-degree family history of CVD, diabetes, cancer and depression, and health behaviors were self-reported. Weight and height were measured in a health examination. Results: Family history was most prevalent for cancer (36.7 %), least for depression (19.6 %). Perceived risk mean was highest for CVD (2.8), lowest for depression (2.0). Association between family history and perceived risk was strongest for diabetes (ÎČ=0.34, P<0.001), weakest for depression (ÎČ=0.19, P<0.001). Adjusting for sociodemographics, health behavior, and depressive symptoms did not change these associations. The association between family history and perceived risk tended to be stronger among younger than among older adults, but similar regardless of health behaviors or depressive symptoms. Discussion: Association between family history and perceived risk varies across diseases. People’s current understandings on heritability need to be acknowledged in risk communication practices. Future research should seek to identify effective strategies to combine familial and genetic risk communication in disease prevention.Peer reviewe

    Kiertotalous maankÀytön suunnittelussa. Kaavoitus kestÀvÀn ja luonnonvaroja sÀÀstÀvÀn kaupunkiympÀristön edistÀjÀnÀ

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    TĂ€mĂ€ julkaisu on ”Kiertotalouden ratkaisuja mahdollistava maankĂ€ytön suunnittelu” (KITARA) -hankkeen loppuraportti. Hankkeen tavoitteena oli kartoittaa ja kuvata, miten kiertotalous on huomioitu ja viety osaksi maankĂ€ytön suunnittelua, sekĂ€ millaisia haasteita ja mahdollisuuksia siihen liittyy. Kiertotalous on kĂ€sitteenĂ€ monitahoinen ja sen alle voidaan lukea monia eri maankĂ€ytön suunnittelun osa-alueita, tavoitteita ja toimia. Kokonaisuuden hahmottamiseksi tĂ€ssĂ€ työssĂ€ tunnistettiin aiempien tutkimusten ja selvitysten pohjalta viisi keskeisintĂ€ kiertotalouden osa-aluetta maankĂ€ytön suunnittelussa: (1) biologiset kierrot ja viheralueet, (2) alueiden ja tilojen uudelleen kĂ€yttö sekĂ€ muuntojoustavuus, (3) energiatehokkuus (ml. liikenne) ja paikallinen energiatuotanto, (4) maa-ainekset ja materiaalikierrot rakentamisessa sekĂ€ (5) jĂ€tehuolto ja teolliset kiertotalousratkaisut. Raportissa esitellÀÀn kestĂ€vĂ€n kiertotalouden malli, johon on kiteytetty kiertotalouteen siirtymisen neljĂ€ pÀÀlinjaa ja kuusi kĂ€rkeĂ€ eli keskeisintĂ€ toimintaperiaatetta. TĂ€mĂ€n mallin avulla voidaan esimerkiksi arvioida maankĂ€ytössĂ€ huomioitujen kiertotalousratkaisujen kokonaiskestĂ€vyyttĂ€. KITARA-hankkeessa tarkasteltiin esimerkkikohteiden kautta kiertotalouden edistĂ€mistĂ€ kaavoituksen keinoin osana kuntien ja maankuntien maankĂ€ytön suunnittelua. Aineisto koostuu asiantuntijahaastatteluista ja niitĂ€ tĂ€ydentĂ€vĂ€stĂ€ dokumenttiaineistosta. Asiantuntijahaastatteluiden perusteella kunnissa ja maakunnissa kaivataan erityisesti poliittista tukea uusien kiertotaloustavoitteiden ja -ratkaisujen kĂ€ytĂ€ntöön viemiseksi, sektorirajat ylittĂ€vÀÀ yhteistyötĂ€ sekĂ€ konkreettisia esimerkkejĂ€ toteutetuista kaavoitus- ja muista ratkaisuista. Esimerkkikohteissa kiertotaloutta oli edistetty pÀÀasiassa totutuin kaavoituksen keinoin, mutta myös uudenlaisia kiertotalouden arviointityökaluja oli otettu kĂ€yttöön ja kokonaisia toimintoja oli lĂ€hdetty uudistamaan asettamalla toimenpideohjelmia, työryhmiĂ€ ja palkkaamalla koordinaattoreita. Kiertotalous oli kuitenkin huomioitu strategisissa tavoitteissa ja esimerkiksi kĂ€ytĂ€nnön kaavamerkinnöissĂ€ suhteellisen kapeasti. Esimerkiksi maa-aines- ja materiaalikiertojen hallinta – etenkin ylijÀÀmĂ€maiden kĂ€sittely ja lĂ€jittĂ€minen – korostuivat. Osa kiertotalousratkaisuista vaatii tila- ja aluevarauksia toteutuakseen. Esimerkit osoittivat, ettĂ€ suunnittelun tavoitteissa, prosesseissa ja niihin liittyvissĂ€ kĂ€ytĂ€nnöissĂ€ on muutoksen mahdollisuus. Muutosta kohti kestĂ€vÀÀ kiertotaloutta tulee edistÀÀ kunta- ja maakuntasektorilla kokonaisvaltaisesti, yhteistyöllĂ€ ja riittĂ€vĂ€llĂ€ resurssoinnilla. Kiertotaloustavoitteet on syytĂ€ mÀÀritellĂ€ ja jalkauttaa maankĂ€ytön suunnitteluun mahdollisimman varhaisessa vaiheessa. MaankĂ€ytön suunnittelu ja kaavoitus tulee liittÀÀ osaksi kiertotalouden tiekarttoja ja toimenpideohjelmia. LisĂ€ksi tulee varmistua tavoitteiden mukaisten toimenpiteiden toteutumisesta ja seurannasta kaavaprosessin eri vaiheiden toimijoiden vĂ€listĂ€ yhteistyötĂ€ lisÀÀmĂ€llĂ€. Kiertotalouden asiantuntijat voivat toimia yhdyspintana kaupungin eri toimialojen ja prosessien vĂ€lillĂ€ sekĂ€ tukea kaavoittajien työtĂ€. Varsinkin tĂ€mĂ€n hetkisessĂ€ murrosvaiheessa tarvitaan kuntiin ja maakuntiin asiaan erikseen perehtyneitĂ€ asiantuntijoita, jotka voivat hakea ideoita, jakaa tietoa ja osaamista, tukea uuden jalkautumista kĂ€ytĂ€ntöön sekĂ€ koordinoida organisaation sisĂ€istĂ€ kehittĂ€mistyötĂ€. Muutosta ei myöskÀÀn tapahdu, jollei siihen jollakin tavalla ohjata

    Genetic causal beliefs about morbidity : associations with health behaviors and health outcome beliefs about behavior changes between 1982–2002 in the Finnish population

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    Abstract Background The role and meaning of genetic information has grown considerably in the recent decades. We examined changes in causal beliefs about morbidity as well as the associations between causal beliefs, health behaviors and obesity, and health outcome beliefs from 1982 to 2002. Methods In five population-based risk-factor surveys (the FINRISK Studies) of individuals aged 25 to 64 years conducted from 1982 to 2002 (n = 37,503), respondents chose the most important cause of morbidity from a list of ten alternatives. Health outcome beliefs were assessed with two items. Physical inactivity and smoking status were based on self-reports and obesity was based on measured height and weight. Results The prevalence of those who endorse genetic factors as the most important cause of morbidity increased from 4% in 1982 to 10% in 1992 and remained at that level until 2002. During the study period, lack of exercise and overweight increased, whereas inappropriate diet and stress diminished as causal beliefs about morbidity. Smokers and physically inactive were more likely to endorse genetic than behavioral causes of morbidity, whereas obese respondents were more likely to choose overweight over genetic causes of morbidity. Those who endorse genetic factors as the most important cause had more pessimistic outcome beliefs about health behavior changes, but these outcome beliefs became more positive in all causal belief groups during the study period. Conclusion Despite increased public discussion of genomics, the relative proportion of those who endorse genetic factors as the most important cause of morbidity has remained low. However, within this group beliefs about benefits of health behavior changes have become more positive. This could indicate that increase in genomic health information does not lead to more negative appraisals of efficacy of lifestyle changes

    Outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

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    AimsTo assess the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after first myocardial revascularisation procedure in real world practice and to compare the differences in outcomes of coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods and resultsA database was compiled from the national hospital discharge register to collect data on all cardiac revascularisations performed in Finland in 2000-2015. The outcomes (all-cause deaths, cardiovascular (CV) deaths, major CV events and need for repeat revascularisation) after the first revascularisation were identified from the national registers at 28-day, 1-year and 3-year time points.A total of 139,242 first-time revascularisations (89,493 PCI and 49,749 CABG) were performed during the study period. Of all the revascularized patients, 24% had diabetes, and 76% were non-diabetic patients. At day 28 the risk of fatal outcomes was lower after PCI than after CABG among non-diabetic patients, whereas no difference was seen among diabetic patients. In long-term follow-up the situation was reversed with PCI showing higher risk compared with CABG for most of the outcomes. In particular, at three-year follow-up the risk of all-cause deaths was elevated among diabetic patients (HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.22-1.38) comparing PCI with CABG) more than among non-diabetic patients (HR 1.09 (1.04-1.15)). The same was true for CV deaths (HR 1.29 (1.20-1.38) among diabetic patients, and HR 1.03 (0.98-1.08) among non-diabetic patients).ConclusionAlthough PCI was associated with better 28-day prognosis, CABG seemed to produce better long-term prognosis especially among diabetic patients.</p

    Are coronary event rates declining slower in women than in men – evidence from two population-based myocardial infarction registers in Finland?

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies have suggested that the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease may not have been as effective in women as in men. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the incidence, attack rate and mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) events have declined less in women than in men.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two large population-based MI registers, the FINAMI register and the Finnish Cardiovascular Disease Register (CVDR) were used for comparing the event rates among men and women aged ≄35 years in two time periods, 1994–1996 and 2000–2002.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the FINAMI register a total of 5,252 events were recorded in men and 4,898 in women. Corresponding numbers in the CVDR were 78,709 and 70,464. Both FINAMI and CVDR data suggested smaller declines in incidence and attack rate of MI events in women than in men. In CVDR data the decline in mortality was also smaller in women than in men, while in FINAMI data this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the large CVDR data set, negative binomial regression models revealed smaller declines in incidence (p = 0.006), attack rate (p = 0.008) and mortality (p = 0.04) in women than in men aged <55 years. In persons ≄55 years no difference was observed between women and men.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence and attack rate of MI events have declined less in women aged <55 than in men of similar age. In older persons no significant differences were observed. Further studies are warranted to find out the reasons why the development has been less favourable for young women than for men.</p

    Appetitive traits as behavioural pathways in genetic susceptibility to obesity : a population-based cross-sectional study

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    The mechanisms through which genes influence body weight are not well understood, but appetite has been implicated as one mediating pathway. Here we use data from two independent population-based Finnish cohorts (4632 adults aged 25-74 years from the DILGOM study and 1231 twin individuals aged 21-26 years from the FinnTwin12 study) to investigate whether two appetitive traits mediate the associations between known obesity-related genetic variants and adiposity. The results from structural equation modelling indicate that the effects of a polygenic risk score (90 obesity-related loci) on measured body mass index and waist circumference are partly mediated through higher levels of uncontrolled eating (beta(indirect) = 0.030-0.032, P <0.001 in DILGOM) and emotional eating (beta(indirect) = 0.020-0.022, P <0.001 in DILGOM and beta(indirect) = 0.013-0.015, P = 0.043-0.044 in FinnTwin12). Our findings suggest that genetic predispositions to obesity may partly exert their effects through appetitive traits reflecting lack of control over eating or eating in response to negative emotions. Obesity prevention and treatment studies should examine the impact of targeting these eating behaviours, especially among individuals having a high genetic predisposition to obesity.Peer reviewe

    Parempaa terveyttÀ ja ympÀristöÀ

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    YmpÀristöterveys.Luontoaskel terveyteen -ohjelma yhdistÀÀ PÀijÀt-HÀmeen terveys- ja ympÀristötavoitteet. Ohjelmatyön taustalla on tieto siitÀ, ettÀ yleistyvÀt kansansairaudet kytkeytyvÀt ympÀristö- ja elintapamuutoksiin

    Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization.

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    The QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, is a heritable trait. QT prolongation is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and could indicate the presence of the potentially lethal mendelian long-QT syndrome (LQTS). Using a genome-wide association and replication study in up to 100,000 individuals, we identified 35 common variant loci associated with QT interval that collectively explain ∌8-10% of QT-interval variation and highlight the importance of calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization. Rare variant analysis of 6 new QT interval-associated loci in 298 unrelated probands with LQTS identified coding variants not found in controls but of uncertain causality and therefore requiring validation. Several newly identified loci encode proteins that physically interact with other recognized repolarization proteins. Our integration of common variant association, expression and orthogonal protein-protein interaction screens provides new insights into cardiac electrophysiology and identifies new candidate genes for ventricular arrhythmias, LQTS and SCD
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