Estudio de la actividad antibacteriana y tóxica del kuiship (jacaranda copaia)

The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of gram positive and gram negative pathogens and evaluate their toxicity with respect to Artemia salina in Kuiship (Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don) leaf extracts. First, three Uhi Shñu (wise man) were interviewed to determine their previous medicinal uses. Plant tissue was gathered from the Capirona Community and ethereal, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts were obtained from the J. copaia leaves. Then a phytochemical, antimicrobial screening process was undertaken, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of native bacteria that presented positive or sensitive antibacterial activity when faced with extracts in agar diffusion tests. Finally, an in vitro bioassay with Artemia salina was performed to determine the toxicity of the J. copaia extracts. The presence of the following secondary metabolites was identified: oils and fats, triterpenes-steroids, catechins, saponins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, quinones, bitter tannins and constituents. During the antibacterial assays, the sensitive bacterial strains were: S. aureus versus the ethereal extract, and E. coli versus the J. copaia aqueous extract. The MIC was determined for these two native bacteria. The bioassay for A. salina revealed that the J. copaia ethereal and ethanolic extracts presented moderate toxicity with a concentration of 1000 ppm.La presente es una investigación que valora la actividad antibacteriana frente a patógenos nativos gram positivos y gram negativos y evalúa la toxicidad frente a Artemia salina en extractos de las hojas del Kuiship (Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don). En primer lugar se entrevistaron a tres Uhi Shñu (hombres sabios) para determinar usos medicinales previos. A continuación se recolectó el material vegetal en la Comunidad de Capirona y se obtuvo el extracto etéreo, etanólico y acuoso de las hojas de J. copaia. Se realizó un screening fitoquímico, antibiogramas y se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) sobre bacterias nativas que presentaron sensibilidad frente a los extractos en los ensayos de difusión en agar. Finalmente se realizó un bioensayo in vitro con Artemia salina para determinar la toxicidad de los extractos de J. copaia. Como metabolitos secundarios se identificaron: aceites y grasas, triterpenos-esteroides, catequinas, saponinas, azúcares reductores, alcaloides, quinonas, taninos y principios amargos. En los ensayos antibacterianos las cepas sensibles fueron: S. aureus frente al extracto etéreo y E. coli frente al extracto acuoso de J. copaia; se determinó la CMI para estas dos bacterias nativas. En el bioensayo con A. salina se puso de manifiesto que los extractos etéreo y etanólico de J. copaia presentan toxicidad moderada a una concentración de 1000 ppm

Preliminary report of the toxicity of Lippia junelliana (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) and Elionorus muticus (Poales: Poaceae) on Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Several phytochemicals, such as extracts and essential oils, are among the ecological alternatives that have been studied for the control of pathogens that affect humans, animals, and plants. Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids obtained from plant material and their use to control pathogens is widespread. However, they can have adverse effects when taken in high concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and palatability of a balanced-energy protein diet with the addition of two essential oils, Lippia junelliana (Mold.) Tronc. and Elionorus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze, in newly hatched worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) during a period of 15 days. Consumption and number of live bees were measured daily for each treatment. For L. junelliana, our results showed a non-toxic trend in long-term survival trials (15 days) at low concentrations. In the case of E. muticus, a toxic effect with low survival was observed at all concentrations. Both essential oils showed good palatability, even at toxic levels. Our results allow us to propose the use of L. junelliana essential oil in field experiments of A. mellifera hives.Instituto de Recursos BiológicosFil: Vega, Maricel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Curso de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vega, Maricel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Virología (LAVIR); ArgentinaFil: Reynaldi, Francisco J. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Virología (LAVIR); ArgentinaFil: Reynaldi, Francisco J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Altamirano, Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Curso de Cálculo Estadístico y Biometría; ArgentinaFil: Salina, Marcos D. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Virología (LAVIR); ArgentinaFil: Salina, Marcos D. Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaAlbo, Graciela N. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Curso de Producción Animal; Argentin

FRAM telescopes and their measurements of aerosol content at the Pierre Auger Observatory and at future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

open391siA FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope is a system of a robotic mount, a large-format CCD camera and a fast telephoto lens that can be used for atmospheric monitoring at any site when information about the atmospheric transparency is required with high spatial or temporal resolution and where continuous use of laser-based methods for this purpose would interfere with other observations. The original FRAM has been operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for more than a decade, while three more FRAMs are foreseen to be used by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The CTA FRAMs are being deployed ahead of time to characterize the properties of the sites prior to the operation of the CTA telescopes; one FRAM has been running on the planned future CTA site in Chile for a year while two others are expected to become operational before the end of 2018. We report on the hardware and current status of operation and/or deployment of all the FRAM instruments in question as well as on some of the preliminary results of integral aerosol measurements by the FRAMs in Argentina and Chile.openJaneček, P.; Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Albuquerque, I.F.M.; Albury, J.M.; Allekotte, I.; Almela, A.; Alvarez Castillo, J.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Anastasi, G.A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Badescu, A.M.; Balaceanu, A.; Barbato, F.; Barreira Luz, R.J.; Baur, S.; Becker, K.H.; Bellido, J.A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M.E.; Bertou, X.; Bierman, P.L.; Biteau, J.; Blaess, S.G.; Blanco, A.; Blazek, J.; Bleve, C.; Boháčová, M.; Bonifazi, C.; Borodai, N.; Botti, A.M.; Brac, J.; Bretz, T.; Bridgeman, A.; Briechle, F.L.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Buscemi, M.; Caballero-Mora, K.S.; Caccianiga, L.; Calcagni, L.; Cancio, A.; Canfora, F.; Carceller, J.M.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Catalani, F.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Chinellato, J.A.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Clay, R.W.; Cobos Cerutti, A.C.; Colalillo, R.; Coleman, A.; Coluccia, M.R.; Conceição, R.; Consolati, G.; Contreras, F.; Cooper, M.J.; Coutu, S.; Covault, C.E.; Daniel, B.; Dasso, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B.R.; Day, J.A.; de Almeida, R.M.; de Jong, S.J.; De Mauro, G.; de Mello Neto, J.R.T.; De Mitri, I.; de Oliveira, J.; de Souza, V.; Debatin, J.; Deligny, O.; Dhital, N.; Díaz Castro, M.L.; Diogo, F.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J.C.; Dorosti, Q.; dos Anjos, R.C.; Dova, M.T.; Dundovic, A.; Ebr, J.; Engel, R.; Erdmann, M.; Escoba, C.O.; Etchegoyen, A.; Falcke, H.; Farmer, J.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A.C.; Fazzi, N.; Feldbusch, F.; Fenu, F.; Ferreyro, L.P.; Figueira, J.M.; Filipčič, A.; Freire, M.M.; Fujii, T.; Fuster, A.; García, B.; Gemmeke, H.; Gherghel-Lascu, A.; Ghia, P.L.; Giaccari, U.; Giammarchi, M.; Giller, M.; Głas, D.; Glombitza, J.; Golup, G.; Gómez Berisso, M.; Gómez Vitale, P.F.; González, N.; Goos, I.; Góra, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gottowik, M.; Grubb, T.D.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G.P.; Guido, E.; Halliday, R.; Hampel, M.R.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harrison, T.A.; Harvey, V.M.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heck, D.; Heimann, P.; Hill, G.C.; Hojvat, C.; Holt, E.M.; Homola, P.; Hörandel, J.R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovský, M.; Huege, T.; Hulsman, J.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P.G.; Jandt, I.; Johnsen, J.A.; Josebachuili, M.; Jurysek, J.; Kääpä, A.; Kampert, K.H.; Keilhauer, B.; Kemmerich, N.; Kemp, J.; Klages, H.O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Krause, R.; Kuempel, D.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kuotb Awad, A.; Lago, B.L.; LaHurd, D.; Lang, R.G.; Legumina, R.; Leigui de Oliveira, M.A.; Lenok, V.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lo Presti, D.; Lopes, L.; López, R.; López Casado, A.; Lorek, R.; Luce, Q.; Lucero, A.; Malacari, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mancarella, G.; Mandat, D.; Mantsc, P.; Mariazzi, A.G.; Mariş, I.C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinez, H.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Mathes, H.J.; Mathys, S.; Matthews, J.; Matthiae, G.; Mayotte, E.; Mazu, P.O.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Melo, D.; Menshikov, A.; Merenda, K.-D.; Michal, S.; Micheletti, M.I.; Middendorf, L.; Miramonti, L.; Mitrica, B.; Mockler, D.; Mollerach, S.; Montanet, F.; Morello, C.; Morlino, G.; Mostafá, M.; Müller, A.L.; Muller, M.A.; Müller, S.; Mussa, R.; Nellen, L.; Nguyen, P.H.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.; Niechciol, M.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Novotny, V.; Nožka, L.; Nucita, A.; Núñez, L.A.; Olinto, A.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Papenbreer, P.; Parente, G.; Parra, A.; Pech, M.; Pedreira, F.; Pękala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Peña-Rodriguez, J.; Pereira, L.A.S.; Perlin, M.; Perrone, L.; Peters, C.; Petrera, S.; Phuntsok, J.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Pirronello, V.; Platino, M.; Poh, J.; Pont, B.; Porowski, C.; Prado, R.R.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Puyleart, A.; Querchfeld, S.; Quinn, S.; Ramos-Pollan, R.; Rautenberg, J.; Ravignani, D.; Reininghaus, M.; Ridky, J.; Riehn, F.; Risse, M.; Ristori, P.; Rizi, V.; Rodrigues de Carvalho, W.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Roncoroni, M.J.; Roth, M.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, A.C.; Ruehl, P.; Saffi, S.J.; Saftoiu, A.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Saleh, A.; Salina, G.; Sanabria Gomez, J.D.; Sánchez, F.; Santos, E.M.; Santos, E.; Sarazin, F.; Sarmento, R.; Sarmiento-Cano, C.; Sato, R.; Savina, P.; Schauer, M.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schimassek, M.; Schimp, M.; Schmidt, D.; Scholten, O.; Schovánek, P.; Schröder, F.G.; Schröder, S.; Schumacher, J.; Sciutto, S.J.; Shellard, R.C.; Sigl, G.; Silli, G.; Sima, O.; Šmída, R.; Snow, G.R.; Sommers, P.; Soriano, J.F.; Souchard, J.; Squartini, R.; Stanca, D.; Stanič, S.; Stasielak, J.; Stassi, P.; Stolpovskiy, M.; Streich, A.; Suarez, F.; Suárez-Durán, M.; Sudholz, T.; Suomijärvi, T.; Supanitsky, A.D.; Šupík, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Taboada, A.; Taborda, O.A.; Tapia, A.; Timmermans, C.; Todero Peixoto, C.J.; Tomé, B.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Travnicek, P.; Trini, M.; Tueros, M.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Urban, M.; Valdés Galicia, J.F.; Valiño, I.; Valore, L.; van Bodegom, P.; van den Berg, A.M.; van Vliet, A.; Varela, E.; Vargas Cárdenas, B.; Vázquez, R.A.; Veberič, D.; Ventura, C.; Vergara Quispe, I.D.; Verzi, V.; Vicha, J.; Villaseñor, L.; Vorobiov, S.; Wahlberg, H.; Wainberg, O.; Wat, A.A.; Weber, M.; Weindl, A.; Wiedeński, M.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczyński, H.; Winchen, T.; Wirtz, M.; Wittkowski, D.; Wundheiler, B.; Yang, L.; Yushkov, A.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zehrer, L.; Zepeda, A.; Zimmermann, B.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zong, Z.; Zuccarello, F.; Ebr, J.; Juryšek, J.; Prouza, M.; Blažek, Ji.; Trávníček, P.; Mandát, D.; Pech, M.; Karpov, S.; Cunniffe, R.; Mašek, M.; Jelínek, M.; Ebrová, I.Janeček, P.; Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Albury, J. M.; Allekotte, I.; Almela, A.; Alvarez Castillo, J.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Anastasi, G. A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Badescu, A. M.; Balaceanu, A.; Barbato, F.; Barreira Luz, R. J.; Baur, S.; Becker, K. H.; Bellido, J. A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M. E.; Bertou, X.; Bierman, P. L.; Biteau, J.; Blaess, S. G.; Blanco, A.; Blazek, J.; Bleve, C.; Boháčová, M.; Bonifazi, C.; Borodai, N.; Botti, A. M.; Brac, J.; Bretz, T.; Bridgeman, A.; Briechle, F. L.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Buscemi, M.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Caccianiga, L.; Calcagni, L.; Cancio, A.; Canfora, F.; Carceller, J. M.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Catalani, F.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Chinellato, J. A.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Clay, R. W.; Cobos Cerutti, A. C.; Colalillo, R.; Coleman, A.; Coluccia, M. R.; Conceição, R.; Consolati, G.; Contreras, F.; Cooper, M. J.; Coutu, S.; Covault, C. E.; Daniel, B.; Dasso, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B. R.; Day, J. A.; de Almeida, R. M.; de Jong, S. J.; De Mauro, G.; de Mello Neto, J. R. T.; De Mitri, I.; de Oliveira, J.; de Souza, V.; Debatin, J.; Deligny, O.; Dhital, N.; Díaz Castro, M. L.; Diogo, F.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J. C.; Dorosti, Q.; dos Anjos, R. C.; Dova, M. T.; Dundovic, A.; Ebr, J.; Engel, R.; Erdmann, M.; Escoba, C. O.; Etchegoyen, A.; Falcke, H.; Farmer, J.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A. C.; Fazzi, N.; Feldbusch, F.; Fenu, F.; Ferreyro, L. P.; Figueira, J. M.; Filipčič, A.; Freire, M. M.; Fujii, T.; Fuster, A.; García, B.; Gemmeke, H.; Gherghel-Lascu, A.; Ghia, P. L.; Giaccari, U.; Giammarchi, M.; Giller, M.; Głas, D.; Glombitza, J.; Golup, G.; Gómez Berisso, M.; Gómez Vitale, P. F.; González, N.; Goos, I.; Góra, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gottowik, M.; Grubb, T. D.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G. P.; Guido, E.; Halliday, R.; Hampel, M. R.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harrison, T. A.; Harvey, V. M.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heck, D.; Heimann, P.; Hill, G. C.; Hojvat, C.; Holt, E. M.; Homola, P.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovský, M.; Huege, T.; Hulsman, J.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P. G.; Jandt, I.; Johnsen, J. A.; Josebachuili, M.; Jurysek, J.; Kääpä, A.; Kampert, K. H.; Keilhauer, B.; Kemmerich, N.; Kemp, J.; Klages, H. O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Krause, R.; Kuempel, D.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kuotb Awad, A.; Lago, B. L.; Lahurd, D.; Lang, R. G.; Legumina, R.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Lenok, V.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lo Presti, D.; Lopes, L.; López, R.; López Casado, A.; Lorek, R.; Luce, Q.; Lucero, A.; Malacari, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mancarella, G.; Mandat, D.; Mantsc, P.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Mariş, I. C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinez, H.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Mathes, H. J.; Mathys, S.; Matthews, J.; Matthiae, G.; Mayotte, E.; Mazu, P. O.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Melo, D.; Menshikov, A.; Merenda, K. -D.; Michal, S.; Micheletti, M. I.; Middendorf, L.; Miramonti, L.; Mitrica, B.; Mockler, D.; Mollerach, S.; Montanet, F.; Morello, C.; Morlino, G.; Mostafá, M.; Müller, A. L.; Muller, M. A.; Müller, S.; Mussa, R.; Nellen, L.; Nguyen, P. H.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.; Niechciol, M.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Novotny, V.; Nožka, L.; Nucita, A.; Núñez, L. A.; Olinto, A.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Papenbreer, P.; Parente, G.; Parra, A.; Pech, M.; Pedreira, F.; Pękala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Peña-Rodriguez, J.; Pereira, L. A. S.; Perlin, M.; Perrone, L.; Peters, C.; Petrera, S.; Phuntsok, J.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Pirronello, V.; Platino, M.; Poh, J.; Pont, B.; Porowski, C.; Prado, R. R.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Puyleart, A.; Querchfeld, S.; Quinn, S.; Ramos-Pollan, R.; Rautenberg, J.; Ravignani, D.; Reininghaus, M.; Ridky, J.; Riehn, F.; Risse, M.; Ristori, P.; Rizi, V.; Rodrigues de Carvalho, W.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Roncoroni, M. J.; Roth, M.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, A. C.; Ruehl, P.; Saffi, S. J.; Saftoiu, A.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Saleh, A.; Salina, G.; Sanabria Gomez, J. D.; Sánchez, F.; Santos, E. M.; Santos, E.; Sarazin, F.; Sarmento, R.; Sarmiento-Cano, C.; Sato, R.; Savina, P.; Schauer, M.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schimassek, M.; Schimp, M.; Schmidt, D.; Scholten, O.; Schovánek, P.; Schröder, F. G.; Schröder, S.; Schumacher, J.; Sciutto, S. J.; Shellard, R. C.; Sigl, G.; Silli, G.; Sima, O.; Šmída, R.; Snow, G. R.; Sommers, P.; Soriano, J. F.; Souchard, J.; Squartini, R.; Stanca, D.; Stanič, S.; Stasielak, J.; Stassi, P.; Stolpovskiy, M.; Streich, A.; Suarez, F.; Suárez-Durán, M.; Sudholz, T.; Suomijärvi, T.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Šupík, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Taboada, A.; Taborda, O. A.; Tapia, A.; Timmermans, C.; Todero Peixoto, C. J.; Tomé, B.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Travnicek, P.; Trini, M.; Tueros, M.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Urban, M.; Valdés Galicia, J. F.; Valiño, I.; Valore, L.; van Bodegom, P.; van den Berg, A. M.; van Vliet, A.; Varela, E.; Vargas Cárdenas, B.; Vázquez, R. A.; Veberič, D.; Ventura, C.; Vergara Quispe, I. D.; Verzi, V.; Vicha, J.; Villaseñor, L.; Vorobiov, S.; Wahlberg, H.; Wainberg, O.; Wat, A. A.; Weber, M.; Weindl, A.; Wiedeński, M.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczyński, H.; Winchen, T.; Wirtz, M.; Wittkowski, D.; Wundheiler, B.; Yang, L.; Yushkov, A.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zehrer, L.; Zepeda, A.; Zimmermann, B.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zong, Z.; Zuccarello, F.; Ebr, J.; Juryšek, J.; Prouza, M.; Blažek, Ji.; Trávníček, P.; Mandát, D.; Pech, M.; Karpov, S.; Cunniffe, R.; Mašek, M.; Jelínek, M.; Ebrová, I

A synopsis of Leucheria (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae), with notes on the morphology

A synopsis of Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) is presented that adds morphological information about the species and encompasses the taxonomic novelties of the genus (new combinations, new varieties, and new species) established after the last revisionary work in 1976. Because previous work showed that the position of the phyllaries of the involucre, interpreted as paleae, and the life cycle are not good taxonomic characters, a new approach is proposed here for the species distinction. The morphological analysis shows that all but one species (L. floribunda) have plumose pappi with cilia of different lengths, and the surface of the fruits is tuberculate in all species. The type and amount of fruit pubescence are useful in the distinction of some species. As a result of the analysis, the number of species of Leucheria was reduced from 49 to 29. Twenty-seven new lectotypifications (Chabraea barrasiana J. Rémy, Chabraea gayana J. Rémy, Chabraea multifida DC., Chabraea salina J. Rémy, Chabraea salinasi Phil. var. bipinnatifida Phil., Chabraea suaveolens (d’Urv.) DC. var. integrifolia Sch. Bip., Chabraea suaveolens (d’Urv.) DC. var. pinnatifida Sch. Bip., Chabraea viscida Bertero ex Colla, Lasiorrhiza lithospermifolia Poepp. ex Less., Leuceria conyzoides D. Don, Leuceria echioides D. Don, Leuceria fuegina Phil., Leuceria garciana J. Rémy, Leuceria gracilis Albov, Leuceria hieracioides D. Don, Leuceria ibari Phil. var. glandulosa Speg., Leuceria ibari Phil. var. sessiliflora Speg., Leuceria lanata Albov fo. virescens Albov, Leuceria lanata Albov, Leucheria candidissima D. Don, Leucheria coerulescens J. Rémy, Leucheria congesta D. Don, Leucheria floribunda DC., Leucheria rosea Poepp. ex Less., Leucheria runcinata D. Don, Leucheria scrobiculata D. Don, Perdicium suaveolens d’Urv.), five neotypes (Leuceria acanthoides D. Don, Leuceria cinerea D. Don, Leuceria laciniata Hook. & Arn., Leucheria ibari Phil. var. glabrata Speg., Leucheria millefolium Dusén & Skottsb.), seven epitypes (Leuceria divaricata D. Don, Leuceria hoffmannii Dusén, Leuceria lanigera O. Hoffm. ex Dusén, Leuceria meyeniana Walp., Leuceria pulchella D. Don, Leucheria glandulosa D. Don, Trixis senecioides Hook.), 36 new synonyms, and some changes in the species distributions are proposed. A key to the species of Leucheria, brief species descriptions, detailed illustrations, and distribution maps for each species are presented.Fil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Apodaca, María José. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Crisci, Jorge Victor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Effects of abiotic stressors on lutein production in the green microalga Dunaliella salina.

BackgroundRecent years have witnessed a rising trend in exploring microalgae for valuable carotenoid products as the demand for lutein and many other carotenoids in global markets has increased significantly. In green microalgae lutein is a major carotenoid protecting cellular components from damage incurred by reactive oxygen species under stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of abiotic stressors on lutein accumulation in a strain of the marine microalga D. salina which had been selected for growth under stress conditions of combined blue and red lights by adaptive laboratory evolution.ResultsNitrate concentration, salinity and light quality were selected as three representative influencing factors and their impact on lutein production in batch cultures of D. salina was evaluated using response surface analysis. D. salina was found to be more tolerant to hyper-osmotic stress than to hypo-osmotic stress which caused serious cell damage and death in a high proportion of cells while hyper-osmotic stress increased the average cell size of D. salina only slightly. Two models were developed to explain how lutein productivity depends on the stress factors and for predicting the optimal conditions for lutein productivity. Among the three stress variables for lutein production, stronger interactions were found between nitrate concentration and salinity than between light quality and the other two. The predicted optimal conditions for lutein production were close to the original conditions used for adaptive evolution of D. salina. This suggests that the conditions imposed during adaptive evolution may have selected for the growth optima arrived at.ConclusionsThis study shows that systematic evaluation of the relationship between abiotic environmental stresses and lutein biosynthesis can help to decipher the key parameters in obtaining high levels of lutein productivity in D. salina. This study may benefit future stress-driven adaptive laboratory evolution experiments and a strategy of applying stress in a step-wise manner can be suggested for a rational design of experiments

A synopsis of Leucheria (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae), with notes on the morphology

A synopsis of Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) is presented that adds morphological information about the species and encompasses the taxonomic novelties of the genus (new combinations, new varieties, and new species) established after the last revisionary work in 1976. Because previous work showed that the position of the phyllaries of the involucre, interpreted as paleae, and the life cycle are not good taxonomic characters, a new approach is proposed here for the species distinction. The morphological analysis shows that all but one species (L. floribunda) have plumose pappi with cilia of different lengths, and the surface of the fruits is tuberculate in all species. The type and amount of fruit pubescence are useful in the distinction of some species. As a result of the analysis, the number of species of Leucheria was reduced from 49 to 29. Twenty-seven new lectotypifications (Chabraea barrasiana J. Rémy, Chabraea gayana J. Rémy, Chabraea multifida DC., Chabraea salina J. Rémy, Chabraea salinasi Phil. var. bipinnatifida Phil., Chabraea suaveolens (d’Urv.) DC. var. integrifolia Sch. Bip., Chabraea suaveolens (d’Urv.) DC. var. pinnatifida Sch. Bip., Chabraea viscida Bertero ex Colla, Lasiorrhiza lithospermifolia Poepp. ex Less., Leuceria conyzoides D. Don, Leuceria echioides D. Don, Leuceria fuegina Phil., Leuceria garciana J. Rémy, Leuceria gracilis Albov, Leuceria hieracioides D. Don, Leuceria ibari Phil. var. glandulosa Speg., Leuceria ibari Phil. var. sessiliflora Speg., Leuceria lanata Albov fo. virescens Albov, Leuceria lanata Albov, Leucheria candidissima D. Don, Leucheria coerulescens J. Rémy, Leucheria congesta D. Don, Leucheria floribunda DC., Leucheria rosea Poepp. ex Less., Leucheria runcinata D. Don, Leucheria scrobiculata D. Don, Perdicium suaveolens d’Urv.), five neotypes (Leuceria acanthoides D. Don, Leuceria cinerea D. Don, Leuceria laciniata Hook. & Arn., Leucheria ibari Phil. var. glabrata Speg., Leucheria millefolium Dusén & Skottsb.), seven epitypes (Leuceria divaricata D. Don, Leuceria hoffmannii Dusén, Leuceria lanigera O. Hoffm. ex Dusén, Leuceria meyeniana Walp., Leuceria pulchella D. Don, Leucheria glandulosa D. Don, Trixis senecioides Hook.), 36 new synonyms, and some changes in the species distributions are proposed. A key to the species of Leucheria, brief species descriptions, detailed illustrations, and distribution maps for each species are presented.Fil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Apodaca, María José. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Crisci, Jorge Victor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Morphology of Salina offshore (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

In this paper, we present the first complete morphological map of the Salina offshore at a scale of 1:100,000. The submarine flanks of the Salina edifice extend down to −650 to −1300 m, are steep and characterized by an uneven morphology due to the presence of volcanic and erosivedepositional features. The volcanic features cover ∼30% of the submarine portion and include volcanic cones and bedrock outcrops. The remaining ∼70% is affected by a wide series of erosive-depositional features. Among these, features related to Late Quaternary sea level fluctuations comprise the insular shelf surrounding the island and overlying submarine terraced depositional sequences. Mass-wasting features include landslide scars, channels, fanshaped deposits and waveforms. The presented map provides useful insights for a better understanding of the morphological evolution of the edific

Description of Meloidoderita salina sp. n. (Nematoda, Sphaeronematidae) from a micro-tidal salt marsh at Mont-Saint-Michel Bay in France

Meloidoderita salina sp. n. is described and illustrated from the halophytic plant Atriplex portulacoides L. (sea purslane) growing in a micro-tidal salt marsh in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay in France. This new species is the first member of Meloidoderita Poghossian, 1966 collected from a saline environment, and is characterized by the following features: sedentary mature females having a small swollen body with a clear posterior protuberance; slightly dorsally curved stylet, 19.9 mu m long, with posteriorly sloping knobs; neck region irregular in shape and twisted; well developed secretory-excretory (S-E) pore, with markedly sclerotized S-E duct running posteriorly; prominent uterus bordered by a thick hyaline wall and filled with eggs. The adult female transforms into a cystoid. Eggs are deposited in both egg-mass and cystoid. Cystoids of Meloidoderita salina sp. n. display a unique sub-cuticular hexagonal beaded pattern. Male without stylet, pharyngeal region degenerated, S-E duct prominent, deirids small, developed testis 97.5 mu m long, spicules 18.4 mu m long, cloacal opening ventrally protruded, small phasmids posterior to cloaca opening and situated at 5.9 (3.2-7.7) mu m from tail end, and conical tail ending in a rounded terminus marked with one (rarely two) ventrally positioned mucro. Additionally, some young males of the new species were observed enveloped in the last J2 cuticle. Second-stage juvenile body 470 mu m long, with a 16.4 mu m long stylet, prominent rounded knobs set off from the shaft, hemizonid anterior and adjacent to S-E pore, small deirids located just above S-E pore level, genital primordium located at 68-77% of body length, phasmids small and located at about 19 mu m from tail tip, and tail 38.7 mu m long, tapering to finely pointed terminus with a finger-like projection. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of Meloidoderita salina sp. n. revealed a close relationship of the new species with Sphaeronema alni Turkina & Chizhov, 1986 and placed these two species sister to the rest of Criconematina

Submarine depositional terraces at Salina Island (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) and implications on the Late-Quaternary evolution of the insular shelf

The integrated analysis of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and single-channel seismic profiles around Salina Island allowed us to characterize the stratigraphic architecture of the insular shelf. The shelf is formed by a gently-sloping erosive surface carved on the volcanic bedrock, mostly covered by sediments organized in a suite of terraced bodies, i.e. submarine depositional terraces. Based on their position on the shelf, depth range of their edge and inner geometry, different orders of terraces can be distinguished. The shallowest terrace (near-shore terrace) is a sedimentary prograding wedge, whose formation can be associated to the downward transport of sediments from the surf zone and shoreface during stormy conditions. According to the range depth of the terrace edge (i.e., 10–25 m, compatible with the estimated present-day, local storm-wave base level in the central and western Mediterranean), the formation of this wedge can be attributed to the present-day highstand. By assuming a similar genesis for the deeper terraces, mid-shelf terraces having the edge at depths of 40–50 m and 70–80 m can be attributed to the late and early stages of the Post-LGM transgression, respectively. Finally, the deepest terrace (shelf-edge terrace) has the edge at depths of 130–160 m, being thus referable to the lowstand occurred at ca. 20 ka. Based on the variability of edge depth in the different sectors, we also show how lowstand terraces can be used to provide insights on the recent vertical movements that affected Salina edifice in the last 20 ka, highlighting more generally their possible use for neo-tectonic studies elsewhere. Moreover, being these terraces associated to different paleo-sea levels, they can be used to constrain the relative age of the different erosive stages affecting shallow-water sectors