Estudo e intervenção de conservação e restauro de uma pintura sobre madeira, do Museu da Câmara Municipal de Tomar, representando uma natureza-morta

O seguinte trabalho, realizado no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado em Conservação e Restauro na área de Pintura de Cavalete, no Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, revela o estudo e intervenção realizados a uma pintura sobre madeira com a temática da natureza-morta, que pertence ao núcleo de arte antiga do antigo Museu Municipal João de Castilho. Esta obra nunca fora objecto de estudo anterior e portanto não apresentava quaisquer dados relativamente a questões de datação, autoria e proveniência. Este relatório tem como objectivo fazer uma abordagem justificativa destes temas, recorrendo sempre que possível à ajuda de especialistas e fontes bibliográficas de referência. Apesar do caminho percorrido, este trabalho deixa em aberto questões que podem ainda ser exploradas tendo o recurso a meios técnicos e humanos específicos. Ao longo do relatório são apresentados as particularidades e os problemas da pintura. Desta forma, realizou-se um enquadramento histórico e artístico, tendo em conta a representação simbólica da temática e procedeu-se à caracterização das técnicas e dos materiais utilizados na execução da obra de acordo com a análise visual realizada e o recurso a exame e análises, cujos resultados são apresentados ao longo do trabalho facilitando o tratamento de dados. Identificaram-se e caracterizaram-se os restauros antigos e procedeu-se a um levantamento do estado de conservação. Com tal, realizouse uma metodologia de intervenção de acordo com os princípios éticos da área da Conservação e Restauro, de forma a executar uma intervenção cuidada com vista à estabilização material e restituição da leitura estética da obra. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas recomendações para a preservação da obra, tendo em conta o seu carácter museológico. Ainda neste relatório serão apresentados de forma mais sumária outros trabalhos desenvolvidos no âmbito do estágio, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da componente prática, estimulando o contacto com a diversidade de materiais, técnicas e temáticas

Requisitos de qualidade em óleos essenciais : a importância das monografias da Farmacopeia Europeia e das normas ISO

Os óleos essenciais são produtos naturais utilizados por diversas indústrias, entre as quais se destacam a indústria alimentar e a indústria farmacêutica. Devido à variabilidade inerente a todos os produtos naturais e também aos crescentes problemas de adulterações, este artigo tem por objectivo divulgar e chamar a atenção da importância das normas internacionais existentes, nomeadamente das monografias da Farmacopeia Europeia e das normas ISO, fazendo simultaneamente uma comparação dos principais requisitos nelas estabelecidos. Só o cumprimento dos requisitos de qualidade e segurança adoptados por este tipo de normas pode garantir que os óleos essenciais utilizados para as mais diversas aplicações tenham a qualidade desejável para o fim a que se destinam e não coloquem problemas de segurança

Medicinal Plants in Pregnancy and Lactation: Perception of the Health Risk and Practical Educational Group in Araraquara, São Paulo State, Brazil

The use of medicinal plants among pregnant women and lactating is a common practice in diverse countries. However, many medicinal plants are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactating, due to various adverse effects, such as teratogenic, embryotoxic and abortive effects, exposing these women, their fetus and babies to health unknown risks. Thus, the purpose of this commentary, was to analyze the perception about the use of medicinal plants by pregnant women and lactating registered in the "baby on board" NGO, Araraquara, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 2010 at 2013. The group was constituted by 48 women, between the first and last trimester of pregnancy or whilst breastfeeding. Information was collected during group meetings by oral interview, using a questionnaire, as script. The nature of the study was a qualitative analysis. The results were based on reports about the use of medicinal plants by pregnant women during group meetings: use, indication of use, knowledge about risks. All participants received written and oral information about the study and they gave a written informed consent. The use of medicinal plants is a reality among pregnant and lactating women of the "baby on board" NGO. They reported that they feel that "natural" products are not harmful for their health. The primary information sources for the majority of women about medicinal plants during pregnancy are family, neighbors and herbalists. The plants most cited were: senna, chamomile, boldo, lemon balm, lemon grass. They were used mainly for: nausea, heartburn, indigestion, flatulence, intestinal and abdominal pain, anxiety, intestinal constipation and low milk production. The pregnant and lactating women lacked knowledge about the health risks of the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in pregnancy and lactation. They also reported difficulties in clarifying some questions about the use of medicinal plants with their doctors. The results of the present study showed that educative actions about the rational use of medicinal plants in pregnancy and breastfeeding could be part of the operating protocols to promote the maternal and child health programs in Araraquara. Thus, our results also suggest the importance of creating institutionalized places, to the implementation of continued education programs about rational use of medicinal plants in pregnancy and lactation. These targeted programs are not only for health professionals, but also for community members, pregnant women and breastfeeding. Our results pointed out the importance of guidance of doctors and healthcare professionals on the scientific studies about medicinal plants and herbal medicines and the risk/benefit of using herbs during pregnancy. Finally, it is noted the importance of the health professionals to inform women of childbearing on risks to their health, as well as on possibilities of utilization of herbs during fertile period, giving special attention to the potential risk of self-medication

Composición del aceite esencial de las hojas de Capsicodendron dinisii Schwancke de Brasil

El aceite esencial obtenido por hidrodestilación de hojas secas de Capsicodendron dinisii (Schwancke) se analizó mediante cromatografía de gases y  cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas. De acuerdo con los análisis, el aceite esencial contiene un 69,7% de sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonados y  22,6% de sesquiterpenos oxigenados. Bicyclogermacreno (30.8%), E-cariofileno (17.2%), espathulenol (13.5%) and germacreno D (7.6%) fueron los  componentes principales identificados en el aceite esencial

Plantas medicinais: entre o passado e o presente

A Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra dispõe de um espólio museológico valioso e com significativo interesse para a história da farmácia e do ensino farmacêutico, com destaque para uma valiosa colecção de fármacos de origem natural, enriquecida sobretudo a partir dos anos 40 do século xx.O livro que aqui se apresenta pretende mostrar este vasto espólio, que inclui alongas de diversas dimensões e formatos contendo partes de plantas e seus metabolitos, uma colecção da E. Merck intitulada Drogen-Lehrsammlung e modelos botânicos didácticos do fabricante R. Brendel (finais do século xix). Esta obra constitui um suporte importante do ensino e investigação no domínio da farmacognosia, bem como tem inegável valor para a investigação e ensino no campo da história da farmácia e da história das ciências e para a museologia da ciência

Assessing the bacterial community composition of bivalve mollusks collected in aquaculture farms and respective susceptibility to antibiotics

Research Areas: Infectious Diseases ; Pharmacology & PharmacyAquaculture is a growing sector, providing several products for human consumption, and it is therefore important to guarantee its quality and safety. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of bacterial composition of Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus spp. and Ruditapes decussatus, and the antibiotic resistances/resistance genes present in aquaculture environments. Two hundred and twenty-two bacterial strains were recovered from all bivalve mollusks samples belonging to the Aeromonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Morganellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Yersiniaceae families. Decreased susceptibility to oxytetracycline prevails in all bivalve species, aquaculture farms and seasons. Decreased susceptibilities to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, colistin, ciprofloxacin, flumequine, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were also found. This study detected six qnrA genes among Shewanella algae, ten qnrB genes among Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli, three oqxAB genes from Raoultella ornithinolytica and blaTEM-1 in eight E. coli strains harboring a qnrB19 gene. Our results suggest that the bacteria and antibiotic resistances/resistance genes present in bivalve mollusks depend on several factors, such as host species and respective life stage, bacterial family, farm’s location and season, and that is important to study each aquaculture farm individually to implement the most suitable measures to prevent outbreaks.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Iberian endemic «apiaceae»: a reassessment for conservation purposes in Portugal

This work is part of a project on the in vitro and ex situ conservation of the Iberian endemic Apiaceae from Portugal and the biochemical characterization of their essential oils. Fourteen Iberian endemic taxa belonging to eleven genera are ascribed to Portugal. As a result of 152 field trips to 49 different locations (150 numbers collected) during six years (2005 to 2010), Bunium macuca subsp. macuca was not find yet. Thus, only 13 taxa could be studied from which Angelica pachycarpa, Daucus carota subsp. halophilus, Disthicoselinum tenuifolium and Seseli montanum subsp. peixotoanum were considered the priority taxa for conservation, as they are the four more vulnerable taxa in Portugal. The ex situ conservation of every Portuguese taxa in the COI Herbaria and in the Botanic Garden of Coimbra (seedbankIndex seminum and living collections) was acheived, being the more vulnerable also propagated and maintained through in vitro culture methods. An updated geographical distribution of the 13 Iberian endemic Apiaceae in Portugal, as well as the more indicated taxomic features to distinguish them is presented. A characterization of the habitats is also provided. Specific indications are expresed for some taxa, namely Angelica, Bunium, Conopodium, Daucus and Eryngium. Two taxonomic keys were described for the identification of the four native subspecies of Daucus carota and the two subspecies of Eryngium duriaei. These outcomes have the main purpose to gather taxonomic, environmental and biotechnological data to help the conservation of these important taxa both from a biological and economic perspective.Este trabajo es parte de un proyecto cuyo objetivo es la conservación in vitro y ex situ de especies de la familia Apiaceae endémicas de Portugal y la caracterización bioquímica de sus aceites esenciales. Hay 14 taxa endémicos descritos en Portugal, pero el equipo de este proyecto no ha encontrado Bunium macuca subsp. macuca en las 152 salidas de campo realizadas en 49 sitios diferentes durante 6 años (2005-2010). Por tanto, este estudio incluye 13 especies, de las cuales Angelica pachycarpa, Daucus carota subsp. halophilus, Disthicoselinum tenuifolium y Seseli montanum subsp. peixotoanum fueron consideradas las especies prioritarias para su conservación ya que son las más vulnerables en Portugal. Se ha conseguido la conservación ex situ de todos los taxa portugueses en el COI Herbaria y en el Jardín Botánico de Coímbra (semillas y colección de plantas vivas). Las especies más vulnerables también se han propagado y mantenido in vitro. Este trabajo presenta la distribución geográfica actualizada de 13 especies de la familia Apiaceae endémicas de Portugal, las características taxonómicas más importantes para su identificación y la caracterización de los hábitats que ocupan. Se presentan también algunas indicaciones específicas para Angelica, Bunium, Conopodium, Daucus y Eryngium, así como dos claves taxonómicas para la identificación de las cuatro subespecies nativas de Daucus carota y las dos subespecies de Eryngium duriaei. El objetivo final de estos resultados es reunir datos taxonómicos, ambientales y biotecnológicos para ayudar en la conservación de estos taxa con importancia biológica y económica

Chemical composition and biological activity of the volatile extracts of Achillea millefolium.

In this study, flowering aerial parts of wild Achillea millefolium growing on the Mediterranean coast (Sardinia Island, Italy) and on the Atlantic coast (Portugal- Serra de Montemuro) were used as a matrix for supercritical extraction of volatile oil with CO2 (SFE). The collected extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods and their composition were compared with that of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation. A strong chemical variability in essential oils depending on the origin of the samples was observed. The results showed the presence of two type oils. The Italian volatile extracts (SFE and essential oil) are predominantly composed by α-asarone (25.6-33.3%, in the SFE extract and in the HD oil, respectively), β-bisabolene (27.3-16.6%) and α-pinene (10.0-17.0%); whereas the main components of the Portuguese extracts are trans-thujone (31.4-29.0%), trans-crhysanthenyl acetate (19.8-15.8%) and β-pinene (1.2-11.1%). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. guillermondii, C. parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. verrucosum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The oils showed the highest activity against dermatophyte strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.32-1.25 μL mL−1