Water diffusion in rough carbon nanotubes

We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the diffusion of water inside deformed carbon nanotubes with different degrees of deformation at 300 K. We found that the number of hydrogen bonds that water forms depends on nanotube topology, leading to enhancement or suppression of water diffusion. The simulation results reveal that more realistic nanotubes should be considered to understand the confined water diffusion behavior, at least for the narrowest nanotubes, when the interaction between water molecules and carbon atoms is relevant.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure

Entomological characterization of malaria in northern Colombia through vector and parasite species identification, and analyses of spatial distribution and infection rates

Background: Malaria remains a worldwide public health concern and, in Colombia, despite the efforts to stop malaria transmission, the incidence of cases has increased over the last few years. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate vector diversity, infection rates, and spatial distribution, to better understand disease transmission dynamics. This information may contribute to the planning and development of vector control strategies. Results: A total of 778 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in fifteen localities of Córdoba from August 2015 to October 2016. Six species were identified and overall, Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (83%). Other species of the Nyssorhynchus subgenus were collected, including Anopheles triannulatus (13%), Anopheles nuneztovari (1%), Anopheles argyritarsis (< 1%) and two species belonging to the Anopheles subgenus: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (3%) and Anopheles neomaculipalpus (< 1%). Four species were found naturally infected with two Plasmodium species: Anopheles nuneztovari was detected naturally infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis with Plasmodium vivax, whereas An. albimanus and An. triannulatus were found infected with both parasite species and confirmed by nested PCR. Conclusions: In general, the obtained results were contrasting with previous studies in terms of the most abundant and widespread collected species, and regarding infection rates, which were higher than those previously reported. A positive relationship between mosquito local abundance at the locality level and human infection at the municipality level was found. Mosquito local abundance and the number of houses with mosquitoes in each village are factors explaining malaria human cases in these villages. The obtained results suggest that other factors related to the apparent variation in malaria eco-epidemiology in northern Colombia, must be identified, to provide health authorities with better decision tools aiming to design control and prevention strategies

Low-lying even parity meson resonances and spin-flavor symmetry

A study is presented of the $s-$wave meson-meson interactions involving members of the $\rho-$nonet and of the $\pi-$octet. The starting point is an SU(6) spin-flavor extension of the SU(3) flavor Weinberg-Tomozawa Lagrangian. SU(6) symmetry breaking terms are then included to account for the physical meson masses and decay constants, while preserving partial conservation of the axial current in the light pseudoscalar sector. Next, the $T-$matrix amplitudes are obtained by solving the Bethe Salpeter equation in coupled-channel with the kernel built from the above interactions. The poles found on the first and second Riemann sheets of the amplitudes are identified with their possible Particle Data Group (PDG) counterparts. It is shown that most of the low-lying even parity PDG meson resonances, specially in the $J^P=0^+$ and $1^+$ sectors, can be classified according to multiplets of the spin-flavor symmetry group SU(6). The $f_0(1500)$, $f_1(1420)$ and some $0^+(2^{++})$ resonances cannot be accommodated within this SU(6) scheme and thus they would be clear candidates to be glueballs or hybrids. Finally, we predict the existence of five exotic resonances ($I \ge 3/2$ and/or $|Y|=2$) with masses in the range 1.4--1.6 GeV, which would complete the $27_1$, $10_3$, and $10_3^*$ multiplets of SU(3)$\otimes$SU(2).Comment: 43 pages, 2 figures, 61 tables. Improved discussion of Section II. To appear in Physical Review

Cosmological Effects of Nonlinear Electrodynamics

It will be shown that a given realization of nonlinear electrodynamics, used as source of Einstein's equations, generates a cosmological model with interesting features, namely a phase of current cosmic acceleration, and the absence of an initial singularity, thus pointing to a way to solve two important problems in cosmology

Factores personales y familiares que inciden en la violencia que se suscita en el grado und?cimo del Instituto T?cnico Rafael Garc?a Herreros de la ciudad de Bucaramanga

113 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLa violencia escolar es una problem?tica que afecta diariamente las instituciones educativas. Esta situaci?n est? supeditada a factores extr?nsecos tales como los culturales, pol?ticos, sociales, educativos; y a factores intr?nsecos tales como los personales y familiares, los cuales en conjunto, de forma silenciosa, afectan al joven en la consolidaci?n de su personalidad. Debido a esto, durante la investigaci?n se hace una observaci?n de los estudiantes en su ?mbito escolar, se realiza una revisi?n documental (observador del estudiante), se aplican encuestas y entrevistas a estudiantes y se ejecuta una revisi?n bibliogr?fica con el fin de identificar los factores personales y familiares que suscitan la violencia escolar en el aula de clase de und?cimo grado del Instituto T?cnico Rafael Garc?a Herreros. En la investigaci?n tan solo se indaga en los factores familiares y personales que intervienen en los actos violentos de los j?venes en la escuela, puesto que la familia, es el principal n?cleo de formaci?n de la sociedad, el cual repercute directamente en la consolidaci?n de la personalidad de los ni?os. De igual forma, se quiere indagar sobre la correspondencia entre las relaciones intrapersonales e interpersonales negativas con la presencia de violencia escolar en el aula de clase.ABSTRACT. School violence is a problem that affects daily educational institutions. This situation is committed to extrinsic factors such as cultural, political, social and educational; and intrinsic factors such as personal and family, which together, silently, affect the young in the consolidation of his personality. Therefore, during the investigation, an observation of students in their school environment and a documentary review (student observer) are performed, surveys and interviews with students are applied and a literature review is implemented in order to identify personal and familiar factors that raise school violence in the junior classroom of eleventh grade of the Technical Institute Rafael Garc?a Herreros. The research only explores family and personal factors involved in violent acts of young people in school since the family is the core of society formation, which directly affects the consolidation of personality of children. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate the correspondence between negative intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships with the presence of school violence in the classroom.INTRODUCCI?N 12 1. EL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACI?N 14 1.1 CONTEXTO DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 14 1.1.1 Contexto Municipal 14 1.1.2 Contexto Institucional 16 1.1.3 Descripci?n Socio Econ?mica de las Familias 16 1.1.4 Componente Habitacional 19 1.2 PROBLEMA 20 1.2.1 Planteamiento del Problema 20 1.2.2 Formulaci?n del Problema 21 1.3 JUSTIFICACI?N 21 1.4 OBJETIVOS 22 1. 4.1 Objetivo General 22 1.4.2 Objetivos Espec?ficos 22 2 MARCO TE?RICO 23 2.1 REVISI?N DE ANTECEDENTES 23 2.2 MARCO LEGAL 28 2.2.1 Pol?ticas Estatales Sobre la violencia Escolar 28 2.2.2 Ley 1620 del 15 de Marzo de 2013 29 2.2.3 Est?ndares B?sicos de Competencias Ciudadanas 30 2.3 MARCO REFERENCIAL 31 2.3.1 La Violencia Escolar 31 2.3.2 Tipos de Violencia Escolar 34 2.3.3 Otras Formas de Violencia Escolar 35 2.3.4 Actores de la Violencia Escolar 36 2.3.5 Las Relaciones familiares y la Violencia Escolar 37 2.3.6 La Inteligencia Emocional en la Relaci?n con el Entorno 38 3 DISE?O METODOL?GICO 41 3.1 ENFOQUE DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 41 3.2 TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 43 3.3 DESCRIPCI?N DE LA POBLACI?N Y MUESTRA DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 43 3.3.1 Poblaci?n 43 3.3.2 Muestra 44 3.4 T?CNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA RECOLECCI?N DE DATOS 44 3.5 DEFINICI?N OPERACIONAL 44 4 AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 53 4.1 AN?LISIS DE DATOS CUANTITATIVOS 53 4.1.1 Relaciones Familiares o Clima Familiar 53 4.1.2 Conducta Violenta en la Escuela 61 4.1.3 Relaciones Interpersonales e Intrapersonales 64 4.2 AN?LISIS DE DATOS CUALITATIVOS 66 4.3 AN?LISIS DE OBSERVACI?N DOCUMENTAL 69 5 TRIANGULACI?N DE DATOS 72 6 CONCLUSIONES 76 7 PERSPECTIVAS NUEVAS DE INVESTIGACI?N 83 RECOMENDACIONES 84 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR?FICAS 85 ANEXOS 9

Entropy, diffusivity and the energy landscape of a water-like fluid

Molecular dynamics simulations and instantaneous normal mode (INM) analysis of a fluid with core-softened pair interactions and water-like liquid-state anomalies are performed to obtain an understanding of the relationship between thermodynamics, transport properties and the poten- tial energy landscape. Rosenfeld-scaling of diffusivities with the thermodynamic excess and pair correlation entropy is demonstrated for this model. The INM spectra are shown to carry infor- mation about the dynamical consequences of the interplay between length scales characteristic of anomalous fluids, such as bimodality of the real and imaginary branches of the frequency distribu- tion. The INM spectral information is used to partition the liquid entropy into two contributions associated with the real and imaginary frequency modes; only the entropy contribution from the imaginary branch captures the non-monotonic behaviour of the excess entropy and diffusivity in the anomalous regime of the fluid

Gauge invariant derivative expansion of the effective action at finite temperature and density and the scalar field in 2+1 dimensions

A method is presented for the computation of the one-loop effective action at finite temperature and density. The method is based on an expansion in the number of spatial covariant derivatives. It applies to general background field configurations with arbitrary internal symmetry group and space-time dependence. Full invariance under small and large gauge transformations is preserved without assuming stationary or Abelian fields nor fixing the gauge. The method is applied to the computation of the effective action of spin zero particles in 2+1 dimensions at finite temperature and density and in presence of background gauge fields. The calculation is carried out through second order in the number of spatial covariant derivatives. Some limiting cases are worked out.Comment: 34 pages, REVTEX, no figures. Further comments adde

Ground effects of the 18 October 1992, Murindo earthquake (NW Colombia), using the Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI 2007) for the assessment of intensity

The macroseismic intensity of the 18 October 1992 Murindo-Atrato earthquake that affected the northwestern states of Colombia (Choco\ub4 and Antioquia) is reassessed using the newly developed INQUA Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI 2007) which is based on the evaluation of earthquake environmental effects. To generate the ESI 2007 isoseismal map of northwestern Colombia, a geographical information system was used. Unifying the available information on the seismological and active tectonics framework including historical seismicity, hypocentral depths, foreshocks, aftershocks, focal mechanism, macroseismic data under the same GIS and the map of Quaternary faults allowed us to reinterpret the geological and environmental effects of the 1992 earthquakes sequence. A total of 24 sites from the areas of Quibdo\ub4, Bojaya\ub4, Rio Sucio, Murindo, Vig\u131\ub4a del Fuerte and Turbo were evaluated. A systematic comparison among evaluated intensities (Modified Mercalli and ESI scale) revealed differences from one to two degrees. According to the ESI 2007 scale, the epicentral intensity Io is XI. This represents one degree higher than the epicentral intensity obtained using MM and Medveded Sponhauer Karnik (MSK) intensity scales, probably due to the lack of suitable observations on building damage in this poorly populated and developed region. This information is also useful in order to shed some light on the persistent question of the exact location and dimension of the main rupture zone associated with the earthquake. The isoseismal map derived from the integration of the whole set of environmental effects with other macroseismic data strongly suggests that the causative tectonic structure is the Murindo fault. However, the rupture length derived from the distribution of ground effects is greater than the Murindo fault length, implying that other nearby fault segments were activated during the 1992 event. The new isoseismal map resulting from this work is relevant for the assessment of future seismic risk in the northwestern region of Colombia. Overall, the application of the ESI 2007 scale to the 18 October 1992 earthquake, and to similar strong events in the region, can be useful for disaster management and planning, estimation of damage, and post-earthquake recovery efforts

Characterisation of large changes in wind power for the day-ahead market using a fuzzy logic approach

Wind power has become one of the renewable resources with a major growth in the electricity market. However, due to its inherent variability, forecasting techniques are necessary for the optimum scheduling of the electric grid, specially during ramp events. These large changes in wind power may not be captured by wind power point forecasts even with very high resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In this paper, a fuzzy approach for wind power ramp characterisation is presented. The main benefit of this technique is that it avoids the binary definition of ramp event, allowing to identify changes in power out- put that can potentially turn into ramp events when the total percentage of change to be considered a ramp event is not met. To study the application of this technique, wind power forecasts were obtained and their corresponding error estimated using Genetic Programming (GP) and Quantile Regression Forests. The error distributions were incorporated into the characterisation process, which according to the results, improve significantly the ramp capture. Results are presented using colour maps, which provide a useful way to interpret the characteristics of the ramp events

Cost-efficient deployment of multi-hop wireless networks over disaster areas using multi-objective meta-heuristics

Nowadays there is a global concern with the growing frequency and magnitude of natural disasters, many of them associated with climate change at a global scale. When tackled during a stringent economic era, the allocation of resources to efficiently deal with such disaster situations (e.g., brigades, vehicles and other support equipment for fire events) undergoes severe budgetary limitations which, in several proven cases, have lead to personal casualties due to a reduced support equipment. As such, the lack of enough communication resources to cover the disaster area at hand may cause a risky radio isolation of the deployed teams and ultimately fatal implications, as occurred in different recent episodes in Spain and USA during the last decade. This issue becomes even more dramatic when understood jointly with the strong budget cuts lately imposed by national authorities. In this context, this article postulates cost-efficient multi-hop communications as a technological solution to provide extended radio coverage to the deployed teams over disaster areas. Specifically, a Harmony Search (HS) based scheme is proposed to determine the optimal number, position and model of a set of wireless relays that must be deployed over a large-scale disaster area. The approach presented in this paper operates under a Pareto-optimal strategy, so a number of different deployments is then produced by balancing between redundant coverage and economical cost of the deployment. This information can assist authorities in their resource provisioning and/or operation duties. The performance of different heuristic operators to enhance the proposed HS algorithm are assessed and discussed by means of extensive simulations over synthetically generated scenarios, as well as over a more realistic, orography-aware setup constructed with LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) data captured in the city center of Bilbao (Spain)