Comfort properties and dyeing behaviour of cotton/milkweed blended rotor yarn fabrics

Milkweed (M) fibres have been blended with cotton (C) fibres at three different proportions and the rotor-spun yarn fabrics are produced. The comfort properties of 100% cotton and C/M blended fabrics are analysed. The fabrics have been dyed with two types of reactive dyes, namely CI Reactive Yellow 3RS and CI Reactive Red 120, and the colour strength and other calorimetric parameters of the dyeing are analysed. From the comfort properties of the fabrics, it is noticed that the air and water vapour permeabilities of C/M blended fabrics are lower than the 100% cotton fabric and decrease with the increase in milkweed proportion. The thermal conductivity of C/M blended fabrics is lower than 100% cotton fabric and decreases with the increase in milkweed proportion. The reduction in inter-yarn space and higher yarn hairiness leads to reduction in air, water and thermal conductivity values with the increase in milkweed proportion. The wickability of C/M blended fabrics increases with milkweed proportion due to the open yarn structure and hollowness of milkweed fibres. From the dyeing behaviour of fibres, it is observed that the colour strength of C/M 80/20 is higher than 100% cotton and it decreases with the further increase in milkweed blend proportion. The low cellulose percentage, higher crystalline orientation index of milkweed fibres compared to cotton results in lower colour strength values with milkweed percentage greater than 20%

Isolation, Identification, Morphological Studies and Lipid Granules Staining (Nile red) of Different Micro-Algae for Biodiesel Production from Fresh Water and Saline Water

In the present study, the algal samples were collected from temple tanks, saline water in Chennai, Mahapaliburam and Kovallam. Collections were carried out during the month of September 2010 and February 2011. Samples were studied in the laboratory and identified. In their surveyed the population, identification, morphological, and examined the Nile red method with microalgae genus of various classes. Various physical and chemical treatments were applied to the existing Nile red method to improve the effectiveness and efficiency. The following algae were present Chlorella vulgaris, Nannnochloropsis, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis suecica, Chlorococcum humicolo, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Amphora coffeaformis, and Nitzschia longissima. Algae are described with photographs

Design and performance analysis of boost converters in an energy harvesting system for underwater applications using sea water in microbial fuel cell

2241-2249Present study consists of an innovative energy harvesting system for low power devices. This harvesting system uses ocean water/ river water, sea sand, bacteria’s in ocean water using Microbial Fuel Cell as a source for power generation. The energy harvesting system consists of Microbial Fuel Cell and a power management system. Performance analysis of MFC is carried using Stainless Steel as anode and Magnesium as a cathode with waste milk , waste vegetables, soil, red sand, sea water collected at shallow water, sea sand, etc. are the various source samples. MFC is able to achieve more than 1V. Power management system consists of Charge Pump, Super capacitor and Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC). The developed energy harvesting system results in generating 6.8 V which is the requirement of the load. Thus the designed energy harvesting system provides relentless and justifiable power supply for remote underwater sensing, surveillance devices including data collections. Simulation results of energy harvesting system are carried out using Linear Technology (LT) spice

Implementation of sea sand in microbial fuel cell for an energy harvesting system using LTC for underwater applications

884-889In this paper an innovative energy harvesting system for low power devices are proposed. This harvesting system uses ocean water/river water, sea sand, bactria’s in ocean water using Microbial Fuel Cell as a source for power generation. The energy harvesting system consists of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) and a power management system. Performance analysis of the MFC is carried using Stainless Steel as anode and Magnesium as a cathode with waste milk, waste vegetables, soil, red sand, sea water collected at shallow water, sea sand, etc are the various source samples. MFC is able to achieve more than 1 V. Power management system consists of Charge Pump, Super capacitor and Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) using LTC (Linear Technology Chip) 3872. The developed energy harvesting system results in generating 7.02V which is the requirement of the load. Thus the designed energy harvesting system provides relentless and justifiable power supply for remote underwater sensing, surveillance devices including data collections. Simulation results of energy harvesting system are carried out using Linear Technology (LT) spice

Comfort properties and dyeing behaviour of cotton/milkweed blended rotor yarn fabrics

25-30Milkweed (M) fibres have been blended with cotton (C) fibres at three different proportions and the rotor-spun yarn fabrics are produced. The comfort properties of 100% cotton and C/M blended fabrics are analysed. The fabrics have been dyed with two types of reactive dyes, namely CI Reactive Yellow 3RS and CI Reactive Red 120, and the colour strength and other calorimetric parameters of the dyeing are analysed. From the comfort properties of the fabrics, it is noticed that the air and water vapour permeabilities of C/M blended fabrics are lower than the 100% cotton fabric and decrease with the increase in milkweed proportion. The thermal conductivity of C/M blended fabrics is lower than 100% cotton fabric and decreases with the increase in milkweed proportion. The reduction in inter-yarn space and higher yarn hairiness leads to reduction in air, water and thermal conductivity values with the increase in milkweed proportion. The wickability of C/M blended fabrics increases with milkweed proportion due to the open yarn structure and hollowness of milkweed fibres. From the dyeing behaviour of fibres, it is observed that the colour strength of C/M 80/20 is higher than 100% cotton and it decreases with the further increase in milkweed blend proportion. The low cellulose percentage, higher crystalline orientation index of milkweed fibres compared to cotton results in lower colour strength values with milkweed percentage greater than 20%

Sulfur deficiency mediated visible emission of ZnS QDs by magnesium dopant and their application in waste water treatment

The photocatalyst with antimicrobial activity serves as a better candidate material for wastewater treatment, as wastewater contains microbes, hazardous dyes, and heavy metals. Hence, the present study extensively examines the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities against two waterborne bacterial strains, namely Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Pure and Mg-doped ZnS (Mg:ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using a low-cost and simple co-precipitation method. The QDs' structural, surface morphology, chemical purity, and optical characteristics were analyzed through XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM, UV–visible, and photoluminescence spectra. The incorporation of Mg dopants did not introduce significant alterations to the cubic blende structure of ZnS, nor did it induce substantial changes in the structural parameters. However, the QDs exhibited a slight sulfur deficiency, which was further increased by the presence of Mg dopant. The Mg dopant, due to its dominant compositional effect, reduced the band gap. Several optical emission bands were observed in the UV, violet, blue, and green regions, corresponding to NBE emission, sulfur-related defects, and Zn-related defects. Initially, Mg doping enhanced visible emission related to defects, while NBE emission was suppressed by the Mg dopant. However, increasing the concentration of the Mg dopant led to a slight increase in NBE emission. The Mg dopant enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the QDs, and a strong correlation was found between photocatalytic activity and NBE emission. The presence of the Mg dopant led to an increased rate of ROS-based decolorization by reducing the electron-hole recombination rate

Noise Model Analysis and Estimation of Effect due to Wind Driven Ambient Noise in Shallow Water

Signal transmission in ocean using water as a channel is a challenging process due to attenuation, spreading, reverberation, absorption, and so forth, apart from the contribution of acoustic signals due to ambient noises. Ambient noises in sea are of two types: manmade (shipping, aircraft over the sea, motor on boat, etc.) and natural (rain, wind, seismic, etc.), apart from marine mammals and phytoplanktons. Since wind exists in all places and at all time: its effect plays a major role. Hence, in this paper, we concentrate on estimating the effects of wind. Seven sets of data with various wind speeds ranging from 2.11 m/s to 6.57 m/s were used. The analysis is performed for frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 8 kHz. It is found that a linear relationship between noise spectrum and wind speed exists for the entire frequency range. Further, we developed a noise model for analyzing the noise level. The results of the empirical data are found to fit with results obtained with the aid of noise model