Additional Dialogue by…Versions of Shakespeare in the World’s Multiplexes

William Shakespeare has been part of the cinema since 1899. In the twentieth century almost a thousand films in some way based upon his plays were made, but the vast majority of those which sought to faithfully present his plays to the cinema audience failed at the box office. Since the start of the twenty-first century only one English language film using Shakespeare’s text has made a profit, yet at the same time Shakespeare has become a popular source for adaptations into other genres. This essay examines the reception of a number of adaptations as gangster films, teen comedies, musicals and thrillers, as well as trans-cultural assimilations. But this very proliferation throws up other questions, as to what can legitimately be called an adaptation of Shakespeare. Not every story of divided love is an adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. Different adaptations and assimilations have enjoyed differing degrees of success, and the essay interrogates those aspects which make the popular cinema audience flock to see Shakespeare in such disguised form, when films which are more faithfully based upon the original plays are so much less appealing to the audience in the Multiplexes

Rewriting Modulo \beta in the \lambda\Pi-Calculus Modulo

The lambda-Pi-calculus Modulo is a variant of the lambda-calculus with dependent types where beta-conversion is extended with user-defined rewrite rules. It is an expressive logical framework and has been used to encode logics and type systems in a shallow way. Basic properties such as subject reduction or uniqueness of types do not hold in general in the lambda-Pi-calculus Modulo. However, they hold if the rewrite system generated by the rewrite rules together with beta-reduction is confluent. But this is too restrictive. To handle the case where non confluence comes from the interference between the beta-reduction and rewrite rules with lambda-abstraction on their left-hand side, we introduce a notion of rewriting modulo beta for the lambda-Pi-calculus Modulo. We prove that confluence of rewriting modulo beta is enough to ensure subject reduction and uniqueness of types. We achieve our goal by encoding the lambda-Pi-calculus Modulo into Higher-Order Rewrite System (HRS). As a consequence, we also make the confluence results for HRSs available for the lambda-Pi-calculus Modulo.Comment: In Proceedings LFMTP 2015, arXiv:1507.0759

Piecewise Certificates of Positivity for matrix polynomials

We show that any symmetric positive definite homogeneous matrix polynomial $M\in\R[x_1,...,x_n]^{m\times m}$ admits a piecewise semi-certificate, i.e. a collection of identites $M(x)=\sum_jf_{i,j}(x)U_{i,j}(x)^TU_{i,j}(x)$ where $U_{i,j}(x)$ is a matrix polynomial and $f_{i,j}(x)$ is a non negative polynomial on a semi-algebraic subset $S_i$, where $\R^n=\cup_{i=1}^r S_i$. This result generalizes to the setting of biforms. Some examples of certificates are given and among others, we study a variation around the Choi counterexample of a positive semi-definite biquadratic form which is not a sum of squares. As a byproduct we give a representation of the famous non negative sum of squares polynomial $x^4z^2+z^4y^2+y^4x^2-3 x^2y^2z^2$ as the determinant of a positive semi-definite quadratic matrix polynomial

Modelos de mortalidad a partir de datos de salud y discapacidad autopercibidos: Un informe sobre Irlanda a distintas escalas 2011-2016

Relationships between mortality and morbidity are long established within geo-spatial modelling and GIS-based analyses. While there has always been a strong associational relationship between the two measures, this has been less tested at an aggregate areal scale than one might expect. From a geographical perspective th is has been in part because access to data at meaningful spatial scales, especially for mortality, can be difficult. This paper presents newly collected data from Ireland on mortality and maps cross-sectional associations with self-reported healthand limiting long-term illness and disability conditions (LLTC) for the first time at an intermediate level geography. Data is also available for two different time-periods from administrative records and from five-yearly censuses. Mortality data was collected at a newly-created intermediate level geography (IA, n=410, averagepopulation=10,900) while the self-reported health/LLTC data was collected at a long-standing administrative scale (ED, n=3409, average population=1,350). Given there was a nested relationship between the two scales, redistricting techniques were used in GIS to enable direct comparisons. Mortality data was available for all deaths (SMR) and premature death (ASR), as well as for four different causes of death. Self-reported health was mapped in three ways; as a combined rate for poor health status; as a weighted health score and as a combined rate for LLTC. The associations were derived from correlation/regression modelling at the smaller IA scale. The results identified that the associations were statistically significant and of mixed magnitude, but had relatively low r-squared values. The associations were strongest for premature (under 75) mortality, while additional correlations for cause of death were lower again. From this, weconcluded that the self-reported health/LLTC statistics, while of some potential explanatory value, were not especially useful as predictive variable. Suggestions for improvement would be to weight the self-reported health data by age andadditionally to take into account deprivation as a second explanatory factor operating within cross-sectional work. Finally, modelling at different spatial scales might act as a useful guide for comparative analysis in Andalucía and other regions of Spain, where spatial scales may be similar in terms of size and scale.Desde hace mucho tiempo, se vienen realizando análisis geoespaciales utilizando herramientas SIG para establecer la relación entre mortalidad y morbilidad. A pesar que siempre ha existido una estrecha relación entre estas dos dimensiones, esta ha sido escasamente evaluada a escala agregada. Desde una perspectiva geográfica, esto no ha sido posible en parte debido a que el acceso a datos, tales como mortalidad, ha sido difícil para determinadas escalas espaciales. Este artículo presenta por primera vez, a un nivel geográfico intermedio, información y mapas recientes sobre mortalidad en Irlanda, asociándola de forma transversal con la salud auto-percibida, la limitación a causa de una larga enfermedad y el nivel de la discapacidad (LLTC). Los datos utilizados provienen de dos fuentes, registros administrativos y censos quinquenales y pertenecen a dos periodos diferentes temporales. Los datos de mortalidad se recopilaron en base a un nivel geográfico intermedio (IA, n = 410, población media = 10,900), mientras que los datos de salud auto-percibida/LLTC se recopilaron en base a una antigua escala administrativa (DE, n = 3409, población media = 1,350). Ante la falta de homogeneidad entre las dos escalas, se utilizaron técnicas de reordenación mediante SIG para realizar comparaciones directas. Los datos de mortalidad estaban disponibles para todas las muertes (SMR) y las muertes prematuras (ASR), para cuatro causas diferentes de mortalidad. La salud auto-percibida fue cartografiada de tres formas distintas: como una tasa combinada para el mal estado de la salud;como una puntuación ponderada de la salud y como una tasa combinada paraLLTC. Las relaciones fueron derivadas desde un modelo de correlación/ regresión a una escala más pequeña IA. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que las relaciones eran estadísticamente significativas y de magnitud mixta, pero tenían valores r-cuadrados relativamente bajos. La relaciónfue más significativa para las muertes prematuras (menor de 75), mientras que las correlaciones relacionadas con la causa de muerte fueron bajas. A partir de esto, se llegó a la conclusión de que las estadísticas respecto a la salud auto percibida /LLTC,aunque poseen algún valor explicativo, no se pueden utilizar como variables predictores. Para mejorar los resultados enla realización de estudios transversales, se sugiere que la información sobre la salud auto-percibida se divida por grupos de edad y, además, se tengan en cuenta la deprivación como un segundo factor explicativo. Finalmente, el modelado a diferentes escalas espaciales podría servir como una guía útil para realizar análisis comparativos en Andalucía y otras regiones de España, donde las escalas espaciales pueden ser similares en términos de tamaño y escala