Out-of-home delivery in last-mile logistics: a review

In light of labor shortages, rising fuel costs, and thin profit margins, providers of last-mile delivery services face a mounting pressure to innovate. One avenue to more efficient last-mile operations is the incorporation of out-of-home delivery (OOHD) services. OOHD, i.e., the delivery to parcel shops and parcel lockers, instead of customers’ homes, offers manifold advantages, including the consolidation of customers into a single delivery location and a reduction in the number of failed delivery attempts. In the past five years, the number of scientific publications dealing with optimization problems in the context of OOHD has increased rapidly. In this survey, we assess the various opportunities for optimization in OOHD-based concepts for last mile logistics. Categorizing their manifold aspects, we provide a classification of problem components and point out key challenges. We then present comprehensive overviews of the literature for all three major decision types (facility location, vehicle routing, location routing). Finally, we extensively discuss gaps in the current literature and indicate directions for future research

Ich packe meinen Koffer: Unterlagen und Performanz bei Open-Book-Klausuren

Die Nachfrage nach zukunftsgewandten, problemlösungsorientierten Prüfungsformaten für die Hochschullehre stieg nicht zuletzt aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie. Open-Book-Prüfungen, bei denen Unterlagen mitgebracht werden, werden seit Langem als alternatives Prüfungsformat vorgeschlagen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet in einer Studie mit 113 Teilnehmenden, ob die Menge und Art mitgebrachter Unterlagen einen Einfluss auf die Performanz in Multiple-Choice-Fragen zu konzeptuellem und prozeduralem Wissen aufweisen. Einen signifikanten, positiven Zusammenhang in Bezug auf die Performanz in beiden Wissensformen wies die Menge an mitgebrachten kommentierten Vorlesungsfolien auf. Diese Befunde werden in Bezug zur ICAP-Theorie gesetzt, die zugrundeliegende Lernaktivitäten beleuchtet

Peran Ayah dalam Praktik Menyusui

Background: In Indonesia the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in 2007 was 32%. Although breastfeeding is a common practice, exclusive breastfeeding remains unpracticed optimally due to some influential factors. One factor to be considered here is father\u27s role. However, until recently studies regarding father\u27s role in breastfeeding practice have not been fully explored in Indonesia. In Bukittinggi exclusive breastfeeding rate was 63,5% in 2008.Objective: To investigate the relationship between the father\u27s role and breastfeeding practices in Bukittinggi Municipality.Method: This was an observational study with cross-sectional study design. Subjects were families with babies aged 0 – 6 months using non probability sampling. The independent variable was the father\u27s role and the dependent variable was breastfeeding practices. Meanwhile, the extraneous variables included knowledge, attitude, mother\u27s occupation; father\u27s working hours in a day, and income. The data were analyzed using univariable analysis, bivariable analysis with chi-square test, and multivariable analysis with logistic regression.Results: The result of multivariable analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the father\u27s role and breastfeeding practice, by including father\u27s knowledge, mother\u27s knowledge, father\u27s attitude and mother\u27s attitude that could predict by 12% (RP= 1.93; 95% CI= 1.36 – 2.74).Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices in the supporting father group was greater than in the group that non-supporting father. The recommendations are that fathers should be targeted audience in the breastfeeding promotion

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe

Die Dual Energy CT als neue Methode zur Diagnostik von Insuffizienzfrakturen des Beckens

Introduction: Insuffizienzfrakturen des Beckenrings (Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis, FFP) nehmen aufgrund der alternden Gesellschaft zu. Ihre sichere Diagnostik gelingt zumeist nur mit dem Goldstandard Kernspintomographie (MRT) im Sinne eines Ödemnachweises. Die MRT ist jedoch nur bedingt verfügbar, teuer und kann mit bestimmten Ausschlusskriterien einhergehen. Als aussichtsreiche Alternative erscheint die Dual Energy Computertomographie (DECT). Unklar ist, ob diese mit einer vergleichbaren Sensitivität/ Spezifität bei der Diagnostik von FFP Anwendung finden könnte. Ziel unserer Studie war daher der Vergleich der konventionellen CT sowie der DECT mit der MRT bei Verdacht auf FFP. Materials and Methods: 46 Patienten mit Verdacht auf FFP erhielten eine MRT und (DE)CT. Es ergaben sich drei Vergleichsgruppen für jeden der o. g. Patienten: Konventionelle CT-Bildauswertung ohne Dual Energy-Modifikation (Arm 1), DECT-Auswertung (Arm 2) und der Goldstandard MRT (Arm 3). Die Befundung und FFP-Klassifizierung nach Rommens erfolgte durch einen Radiologen in zufälliger Reihenfolge und ohne klinische Informationen. Sensitivität und Spezifität von konventioneller CT und DECT wurden durch den Vergleich mit der MRT-Kontrolle berechnet. Results: Mit einer Sensitivität und Spezifität von 100% ist die DECT der MRT bei der Diagnostik von Fragilitätsfrakturen des Beckenrings ebenbürtig und der konventionellen CT überlegen (Sensitivität 90,3%/ Spezifität 100%). Auch in der Klassifikation mittels DECT und MRT traten keine Unterschiede auf. Mit konventioneller CT wurden hingegen 16 Patienten anders als in der MRT klassifiziert. Conclusions: Wir konnten zeigen, dass der Ödemnachweis, aber auch spezifische Fraktur-Klassifizierbarkeit bei FFP mit der DECT zuverlässig gelingt und der konventionellen CT überlegen ist. Die DECT kombiniert somit die Vorteile aus der konventionellen CT (gute Knochendarstellung) und der MRT (Knochenmarkraum und Visualisierung okkulter Frakturen), so dass zukünftig auf die ergänzende MRT neben konventioneller CT verzichtet werden könnte

Zirconia reconstructions cemented on non-original titanium bases may result in increased bleeding on probing, probing depth values and varying mean marginal bone levels

PURPOSE To assess the clinical, technical, and esthetic outcomes of directly veneered zirconia abutments cemented onto non-original titanium bases over 3 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 24 healthy patients with a single missing tooth in the maxilla or mandible (incisors, canines, or premolars) received a two-piece implant with a screw-retained veneered zirconia restoration extraorally cemented on a titanium base abutment. Baseline measurements and follow-up examinations were performed at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years following loading. Radiographic, clinical, technical, and esthetic parameters were assessed. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Mean marginal bone levels measured 0.54 ± 0.39 mm (median: 0.47 mm, range: 0.07 mm to 1.75 mm) at baseline and 0.52 ± 0.39 mm (median: 0.39 mm, range: 0.06 mm to 1.33 mm) at 3 years. Mean probing depth around the implants increased from 3.0 ± 0.6 mm at baseline to 3.8 ± 0.8 mm at 3 years (P = .001). Bleeding on probing changed from 27.1% ± 20.7% (baseline) to 51.5% ± 26.1% (3 years) (P = .001). The mean plaque control record amounted to 11.1% ± 21.2% (baseline) and 14.4% ± 13.89% (3 years) (P = .261). Two implants were lost at 3.5 and 30 months postloading due to peri-implantitis, resulting in a 91.7% implant survival rate. Patient satisfaction was high at 3 years. CONCLUSION Zirconia restorations cemented onto the tested non-original titanium bases should not be recommended for daily clinical use, as they were associated with significant increases in BOP and PD values and varying marginal bone levels 3 years after placement

Dual-energy CT in sacral fragility fractures: defining a cut-off Hounsfield unit value for the presence of traumatic bone marrow edema in patients with osteoporosis

Background Demographic change entails an increasing incidence of fragility fractures. Dual-energy CT (DECT) with virtual non-calcium (VNCa) reconstructions has been introduced as a promising diagnostic method for evaluating bone microarchitecture and marrow simultaneously. This study aims to define the most accurate cut-off value in Hounsfield units (HU) for discriminating the presence and absence of bone marrow edema (BME) in sacral fragility fractures. Methods Forty-six patients (40 women, 6 men; 79.7 ± 9.2 years) with suspected fragility fractures of the sacrum underwent both DECT (90 kVp / 150 kVp with tin prefiltration) and MRI. Nine regions-of-interest were placed in each sacrum on DECT-VNCa images. The resulting 414 HU measurements were stratified into “edema” (n = 80) and “no edema” groups (n = 334) based on reference BME detection in T2-weighted MRI sequences. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the desired cut-off value and an associated conspicuity range for edema detection. Results The mean density within the “edema” group of measurements (+ 3.1 ± 8.3 HU) was substantially higher compared to the “no edema” group (-51.7 ± 21.8 HU; p < 0.010). Analysis in DECT-VNCa images suggested a cut-off value of -12.9 HU that enabled sensitivity and specificity of 100% for BME detection compared to MRI. A range of HU values between -14.0 and + 20.0 is considered indicative of BME in the sacrum. Conclusions Quantitative analysis of DECT-VNCa with a cut-off of -12.9 HU allows for excellent diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of sacral fragility fractures with associated BME. A diagnostic “one-stop-shop” approach without additional MRI is feasible