Surgical Anatomy of Acetabulum and Biomechanics

Both column acetabular fractures are challenging articular injuries. Majority of them are treated operatively. The concept of “secondary congruence” was introduced by Letournel. Despite this, biomechanical data on secondary congruence indicate that nonoperative treatment leads to an increase in peak pressures in the supra-acetabular region with the potential risk of developing posttraumatic degenerative osteoarthritis. Operative management is therefore justified. A cohort of 10 patients having both column (anterior and posterior) acetabular fractures managed using bicolumnar plating between Jan 2016 and Dec 2017 were enrolled in the study and were analyzed during follow-up period. Eighty percent of the patients had excellent to good result. Average postoperative score was 85.7. Assessment was done using Modified Harris Hip score

Sex-dimorphic gene expression and ineffective dosage compensation of Z-linked genes in gastrulating chicken embryos

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of sex determination and dosage compensation mechanisms in model organisms such as <it>C. elegans</it>, <it>Drosophila </it>and <it>M. musculus</it>. Strikingly, the mechanism involved in sex determination and dosage compensation are very different among these three model organisms. Birds present yet another situation where the heterogametic sex is the female. Sex determination is still poorly understood in birds and few key determinants have so far been identified. In contrast to most other species, dosage compensation of bird sex chromosomal genes appears rather ineffective.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By comparing microarrays from microdissected primitive streak from single chicken embryos, we identified a large number of genes differentially expressed between male and female embryos at a very early stage (Hamburger and Hamilton stage 4), long before any sexual differentiation occurs. Most of these genes are located on the Z chromosome, which indicates that dosage compensation is ineffective in early chicken embryos. Gene ontology analyses, using an enhanced annotation tool for Affymetrix probesets of the chicken genome developed in our laboratory (called Manteia), show that among these male-biased genes found on the Z chromosome, more than 20 genes play a role in sex differentiation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results corroborate previous studies demonstrating the rather inefficient dosage compensation for Z chromosome in birds and show that this sexual dimorphism in gene regulation is observed long before the onset of sexual differentiation. These data also suggest a potential role of non-compensated Z-linked genes in somatic sex differentiation in birds.</p

An Intelligent Online System for Enhanced Recruitment of Patients for Clinical Research

Computational Infrastructure and Informatics Poster SessionThe recruitment and retention of subjects for clinical research has been identified as one of the bottlenecks in the development of new drugs and treatments by the healthcare industry. The Kansas City Area Life Sciences Institute has been instrumental in bringing together the Midwest Psychiatric Research Group and researchers from the School of Computing and Engineering at the University of Missouri-Kansas City to address this important problem. The resulting academic-corporate partnership has been funded by a 2-year Small Business Innovation Research Grant of $518,298 awarded by the National Institute of Mental Health at the National Institutes of Health. The project is based on developing and employing a novel internet-based system to enhance the voluntary enrollment of research subjects for studies conducted by Clinical Research Organizations. This will proactively engage patients and their caregivers who desire to be informed about clinical trials that might be relevant for their specific diagnoses, disease states and other characteristics. An important goal of the project is to facilitate accurate matches between the requirements of a clinical research study and the profile of research volunteers. To achieve this, state of the art knowledge representation and search techniques are being employed. Phase I of the project is focused on the development of a system for recruitment for clinical research trials on “Generalized Anxiety Disorder,” with eventual expansion to the inclusion of volunteers for studies on other mental health disorders

Comprehensive mutations analyses of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated gene) and their effects on FTO’s substrate binding implicated in obesity

An excessive amount of fat deposition in the body leads to obesity which is a complex disease and poses a generic threat to human health. It increases the risk of various other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and multiple types of cancer. Genomic studies have shown that the expression of the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene was highly altered and identified as one of the key biomarkers for obesity. This study has been undertaken to investigate the mutational profile of the FTO gene and elucidates its effect on the protein structure and function. Harmful effects of various missense mutations were predicted using different independent tools and it was observed that all mutations were highly pathogenic. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the structure and function of FTO protein upon different mutations and it was found that mutations decreased the structure stability and affected protein conformation. Furthermore, a protein residue network analysis suggested that the mutations affected the overall residues bonding and topology. Finally, molecular docking coupled with MD simulation suggested that mutations affected FTO substrate binding by changing the protein-ligand affinity. Hence, the results of this finding would help in an in-depth understanding of the molecular biology of the FTO gene and its variants and lead to the development of effective therapeutics against associated diseases and disorders

Multiple mechanistically distinct modes of endocannabinoid mobilization at central amygdala glutamatergic synapses.

The central amygdala (CeA) is a key structure at the limbic-motor interface regulating stress responses and emotional learning. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling is heavily implicated in the regulation of stress-response physiology and emotional learning processes; however, the role of eCBs in the modulation of synaptic efficacy in the CeA is not well understood. Here we describe the subcellular localization of CB1 cannabinoid receptors and eCB synthetic machinery at glutamatergic synapses in the CeA and find that CeA neurons exhibit multiple mechanistically and temporally distinct modes of postsynaptic eCB mobilization. These data identify a prominent role for eCBs in the modulation of excitatory drive to CeA neurons and provide insight into the mechanisms by which eCB signaling and exogenous cannabinoids could regulate stress responses and emotional learning

Versuche uber Immunisierung von dem Konjunktivalsack aus mit Berucksichtigung des Einflusses der Ultraviolettbestrahlung auf den Immunisierungsvorgang

1) In Vorversuchen hat der Verfasser eingehend einerseits den direkten Einfluss der Ultraviolettstrahlen auf die beabsichtigte Antigene, ihre Suspensions-bzw. Losungs-medien so wie auf die in Immunserum anwesenden Antikorper festgestellt, anderseits die lokale und allgemeine Einwirkung auf den Tierkorper der U. V. Bestrahlung des Kaninchenauges sichergestellt. Im allgemeinen hat die U. V. Bestrahlung auf lebende Bakterien verschiedener Rassen bakterizide Wirkung entfaltet. Die Wirkungskraft war bei verschiedenen Bakterienarten, in verschiedenen Suspensionsmedien und je nach der Bestrahlungsweise verschieden. Auf das Auge selbst hat die U. V. Bestrahlung, vorausgesetzt, dass sie zweck-massig durchgefuhrt wird, keinen ublen Einfluss. Die Keime des Konjunktivalsackes nehmen als Folge der Bestrahlung an ihrer Zahl ab. Als allgemeiner Einfluss auf den Tierkorper kann der Aufstieg der Korpertem-peratur nach der Bestrahlung und die Korpergewichtzunahme erwahnt werden. Uber-massiges Bestrahlen fuhrt zur Gewichtsabnahme. Im Gegenteil zu der Wirkung im immuisierten Korper verliert das direkt bestr-ahlte Immunserum an seinem Antikorpergehalt. 2) Durch Agglutinationsproben wurde der Immunisierungsvorgang verfolgt und die Moglichkeit der Immunisierung vom Konjumktivalsack aus festgestellt. Es kamen die folgenden Bakterien in Frage; B. typhi B. prodigiosus, Staphylokokken, Gonoko-kken, Pneumokokken, V. Metschnikoffi. Als Aufschwemmungsmedium der bakteriellen Antigene wurde Kochsalzlosung, Dionin-, NaHCO3-, und verdunnte HCl- losung gebraucht. Diese Immunisierungsversuche wurden teilweise mit, teilweise ohne U. V. Bestrahlung durchgefuhrt, wodurch die Tatsache festgestellt wurde, dass die Bestr-ahlung auf die Agglutininbildung einen gunstigen Einfluss ausubt. 3) Ahnlich wie mit den verschiedenen Bakterien wurden auch Immunisierungs-versuche mit Diphterietoxin angestellt. Es ist zwar gelungen im Blute der auf die in Frage stehende Weise behandelten Versuchstiere das spezifische Antitoxin nachzuweisen, aber es lag kein Beweis a

The effectiveness of a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for common adolescent mental health problems in New Delhi, India: protocol for a school-based, individually randomized controlled trial with an embedded stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled recruitment trial

Background Conduct, anxiety and depressive disorders account for over 75% of the adolescent mental health burden globally. The current protocol will test a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for school-going adolescents with common mental health problems in India. The protocol also tests the effects of a classroom-based sensitization intervention on the demand for counselling services in an embedded recruitment trial. Methods We will conduct a two-arm individually randomized controlled trial in six Government-run secondary schools in New Delhi. The targeted sample is 240 adolescents in grades 9-12 with persistent, elevated mental health symptoms and associated impact. Participants will receive either a brief problem-solving intervention delivered over 3 weeks by lay counsellors (intervention), or enhanced usual care comprised of problem-solving booklets (control). Self-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and idiographic problems will be assessed at 6 weeks (co-primary outcomes) and again at 12 weeks post-randomization. In addition, adolescent-reported impact of mental health difficulties, perceived stress, mental wellbeing and clinical remission, as well as parent-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and impact scores, will be assessed at 6 and 12 weeks post-randomization. We will also complete a parallel process evaluation, including estimations of the costs of delivering the interventions. An embedded recruitment trial will apply a stepped-wedge, cluster (class)-randomized controlled design in 70 classes across the six schools. This will evaluate the added impact of a classroom-based sensitization intervention over school-level recruitment sensitization activities on the primary outcome of referral rate into the host trial (i.e. the proportion of adolescents referred as a function of the total sampling frame in each condition of the embedded recruitment trial). Other outcomes will be the proportion of referrals eligible to participate in the host trial, proportion of self-generated referrals, and severity and pattern of symptoms among referred adolescents in each condition. Power calculations were undertaken separately for each trial. A detailed statistical analysis plan will be developed separately for each trial prior to unblinding. Discussion Both trials were initiated on 20 August 2018. A single research protocol for both trials offers a resource-efficient methodology for testing the effectiveness of linked procedures to enhance uptake and outcomes of a school-based psychological intervention for common adolescent mental health problems

Exploring indicators of circular economy adoption framework through a hybrid decision support approach

Circular economy (CE) focuses on a circular approach to energy and material resources, which provides economic, environmental and social benefits for manufacturing organisations. CE adoption in emerging economies facilitates in substantial economic growth through appropriate utilisation of energy and material resources across manufacturing industries. This study identifies CE indicators in the context of an emerging economy. The study further develops a framework for the adoption of CE and tests it through a hybrid Best Worst Method and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory approach. The framework is validated through an Indian manufacturing case organisation. While Best Worst Method computes the CE related indicator weights, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory analyses the inter-relationship among indicators. Disparate CE related indicators, e.g. strategic, managerial, informational and technological, supply chain and organisational, influence the CE adoption in an emerging economy context. The findings reveal that the strategic and managerial indicators have the strongest influence on developing other indicators. The causal digraph and relationship diagram assist the practitioners in predicting the inter-relationship of indicators in CE adoption. The study outcomes will help the practitioners, policymakers and researchers to draw a framework for adoption of circular and green practices and usage of resources sustainably