34 research outputs found
Dâos en os, comprendre les sĂ©pultures complexes, vers un renouveau des outils ?
La dĂ©mocratisation des logiciels industriels a permis dâamener les archĂ©ologues Ă la fin des annĂ©es 1980, Ă modĂ©liser des vestiges aujourdâhui disparus. Les premiers travaux rĂ©alisĂ©s ont eu lieu sous le mĂ©cĂ©nat de grandes entreprises comme EDF pour la restitution de la ville de ThĂšbes ou encore avec IBM pour la Maior Ecclesia de Cluny (Vergnieux 2015). Les annĂ©es 1990 voient la crĂ©ation de centres dĂ©diĂ©s Ă la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle et Ă la 3D comme la plateforme 3D ArchĂ©ovision Ă lâuniversitĂ© de B..
Techniques dâembaumement en Aquitaine Ă lâĂpoque moderne. Le cas des inhumĂ©s des Milandes (Dordogne, XVIe-XVIIe siĂšcles)
Entre 2017 et 2021, une sĂ©rie dâinterventions archĂ©ologiques menĂ©es dans la chapelle du chĂąteau des Milandes (Dordogne, XVIe-XVIIe siĂšcles) a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence dâun caveau contenant prĂšs de 2000 restes humains dispersĂ©s appartenant au minimum Ă 12 individus (7 adultes et 5 immatures), ainsi quâune sĂ©pulture individuelle non perturbĂ©e localisĂ©e Ă proximitĂ© dans le chevet. Lâanalyse de ces restes humains a mis en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de nombreux stigmates dâinterventions anthropiques distribu..
Cumes. Recherches archéologiques dans la nécropole de la Porte médiane.
DonneÌes scientifiques produites :https://centrejeanberard.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article34&lang=fr Chroniques de lâEFR : https://journals.openedition.org/cefr/990 Introduction En 2001, le Centre Jean BĂ©rard a lancĂ© un programme de recherche pour Ă©tudier la nĂ©cropole de Cumes qui sâĂ©tend Ă lâextĂ©rieur des fortifications septentrionales (fig. 1â2). Fig. 1. Le site de Cumes et au premier plan la nĂ©cropole de la Porte mĂ©diane. E. Botte, CNRS, CCJ / © CC BYâNCâND. Fig. 2. Plan la nĂ©cropole de la Port..
âNot All That Is White Is LimeââWhite Substances from Archaeological Burial Contexts: Analyses and Interpretations
YesArchaeological burial contexts may include a variety of white substances, but few analyses have been published. This study reports on the physicoâchemical characterization of such residues from seven archaeological sites. It is often assumed that white materials from burial contexts are lime. Our findings demonstrate that they can be gypsum, calcite (chalk), aragonite, brushite, degraded metal, natural (gum) resins or synthetic polymerâbased products. These may be present as the result of diagenetic processes, funerary practices or modern contamination. This paper provides an analytical approach for the holistic investigation of white materials encountered in burial contexts.Investments for the futureâ (IdEx Bordeaux ANRâ10âIDEXâ03â02). Grant Number: ANRâ10âIDEXâ03â02; Collaborative Projects of the FranceâStanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Projects of the FranceâStanford Center; French State. Grant Number: IdEx Bordeaux ANRâ10âIDEXâ03â02; Northern Archaeological Associates Ltd; PACEA; Wessex Archaeology; INRAP; Mersea Island Museum Trust; Vatican's Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology; University of Reading; IRAMAT-CRP2A; University of Bradford; CEREG
Contribution of three-dimensional modeling to understand the operation of multiple burials : the example of the central sector of the catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus (Rome, Italy) (Ist-IIId s A.D)
Cette thĂšse se propose de mettre au point, grĂące aux nouveaux outils informatiques, une mĂ©thode dâĂ©tude originale de lâespace funĂ©raire en offrant une restitution tridimensionnelle de la sĂ©pulture, de lâarchitecture aux sujets. La dĂ©couverte en 2003, dâun secteur de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcelin (Rome, Italie), encore inexplorĂ© et original dans son organisation, a initiĂ© ce travail. Plusieurs tombes, datĂ©es des Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C, accueillent une succession de dĂ©pĂŽts dâun grand nombre dâinhumĂ©s. La complexitĂ© des ensembles funĂ©raires de ce secteur a nĂ©cessitĂ© le recours Ă de nouvelles formes de reprĂ©sentation pour lâanalyse. Lâobjectif de cette thĂšse est dâĂ©tablir un protocole de modĂ©lisation des sĂ©pultures multiples adaptĂ© Ă la stratification complexe des dĂ©pĂŽts. Nos recherches ont portĂ©, dans un premier temps sur lâĂ©laboration et le test dâun processus de modĂ©lisation adaptĂ©s aux deux tombes Ă©tudiĂ©es et dans un second temps sur lâanalyse des temps chronologiques et de la gestion des dĂ©pĂŽts. Nos recherches ont abouti Ă la mise au point dâune mĂ©thodologie dâacquisition et de restitution de lâensemble des vestiges osseux, de lâappareil funĂ©raire et de lâespace funĂ©raire. La modĂ©lisation 3D a permis par la visualisation tridimensionnelle une Ă©tude fine individuelle, une analyse des relations entre les diffĂ©rents sujets et de lâĂ©volution taphonomique des dĂ©pĂŽts confirmant la simultanĂ©itĂ© des dĂ©pĂŽts au sein des niveaux et entre les niveaux en rapport avec une crise de mortalitĂ©.Lâapplication d'un protocole d'enregistrement puis de restitutions sur cette catacombe pourra contribuer Ă l'Ă©laboration d'une mĂ©thode pour l'approche des sĂ©pultures plurielles.The aim of this thesis is to perform, with the help of new informatics tools, an original study method of funerary space and offers a three-dimensional modelling of burial from architecture to individuals. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of Saint Peter and Marcellinus catacombs parts, unexplored and original in its organisation. Several tombs, dated of 1st-3rd s A.D, received many buried. The complexity of tombs of central sector catacombs needs a new type of representation for analysis. The thesis goal is to establish a modelling process for several burials, adapt with deposit complex stratification. At first, our study was about the conception and the test of a modelling protocol adapted to the two study tombs, and after, to analyze chronological times and deposit management. Our research has result to acquisition and restitution process development of all human remains, funerary device and funerary space. The 3D modelling permits by the 3D visualisation, an advanced study, analyses of relations between different individuals and taphonomic evolution of deposit which confirmed the simultaneous deposit into levels and between levels linked to death's crisis.The application of a record protocol then restitution on these catacombs must contribute to a conception method for the approach of plural burials
Contribution of three-dimensional modeling to understand the operation of multiple burials : the example of the central sector of the catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus (Rome, Italy) (Ist-IIId s A.D)
Cette thĂšse se propose de mettre au point, grĂące aux nouveaux outils informatiques, une mĂ©thode dâĂ©tude originale de lâespace funĂ©raire en offrant une restitution tridimensionnelle de la sĂ©pulture, de lâarchitecture aux sujets. La dĂ©couverte en 2003, dâun secteur de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcelin (Rome, Italie), encore inexplorĂ© et original dans son organisation, a initiĂ© ce travail. Plusieurs tombes, datĂ©es des Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C, accueillent une succession de dĂ©pĂŽts dâun grand nombre dâinhumĂ©s. La complexitĂ© des ensembles funĂ©raires de ce secteur a nĂ©cessitĂ© le recours Ă de nouvelles formes de reprĂ©sentation pour lâanalyse. Lâobjectif de cette thĂšse est dâĂ©tablir un protocole de modĂ©lisation des sĂ©pultures multiples adaptĂ© Ă la stratification complexe des dĂ©pĂŽts. Nos recherches ont portĂ©, dans un premier temps sur lâĂ©laboration et le test dâun processus de modĂ©lisation adaptĂ©s aux deux tombes Ă©tudiĂ©es et dans un second temps sur lâanalyse des temps chronologiques et de la gestion des dĂ©pĂŽts. Nos recherches ont abouti Ă la mise au point dâune mĂ©thodologie dâacquisition et de restitution de lâensemble des vestiges osseux, de lâappareil funĂ©raire et de lâespace funĂ©raire. La modĂ©lisation 3D a permis par la visualisation tridimensionnelle une Ă©tude fine individuelle, une analyse des relations entre les diffĂ©rents sujets et de lâĂ©volution taphonomique des dĂ©pĂŽts confirmant la simultanĂ©itĂ© des dĂ©pĂŽts au sein des niveaux et entre les niveaux en rapport avec une crise de mortalitĂ©.Lâapplication d'un protocole d'enregistrement puis de restitutions sur cette catacombe pourra contribuer Ă l'Ă©laboration d'une mĂ©thode pour l'approche des sĂ©pultures plurielles.The aim of this thesis is to perform, with the help of new informatics tools, an original study method of funerary space and offers a three-dimensional modelling of burial from architecture to individuals. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of Saint Peter and Marcellinus catacombs parts, unexplored and original in its organisation. Several tombs, dated of 1st-3rd s A.D, received many buried. The complexity of tombs of central sector catacombs needs a new type of representation for analysis. The thesis goal is to establish a modelling process for several burials, adapt with deposit complex stratification. At first, our study was about the conception and the test of a modelling protocol adapted to the two study tombs, and after, to analyze chronological times and deposit management. Our research has result to acquisition and restitution process development of all human remains, funerary device and funerary space. The 3D modelling permits by the 3D visualisation, an advanced study, analyses of relations between different individuals and taphonomic evolution of deposit which confirmed the simultaneous deposit into levels and between levels linked to death's crisis.The application of a record protocol then restitution on these catacombs must contribute to a conception method for the approach of plural burials
Voir pour comprendre les vestiges archéologiques du monde des morts et des vivants
International audienceCharacterization of funerary rites of past societies allows us to learn more about the living society, its organization, its various material remains built or used during its membersâ lifetime or in anticipation of their death. The development over the last twenty years of new techniques for recording and exploiting data has profoundly modified practices both for excavations of archaeological sites and for laboratory studies. The use of 3D tools allows, in addition to the unlimited visualization of recorded or restored structures, to test new hypotheses, to simulate disappeared remains and thus to better document funerary practices. Through various examples of 3D acquisition and restitution of tombs in the necropolises of Pompeii or Cumae (Italy), we will present how the use of these new forms of representation has enriched the reflections on burial and the deceased
3D Models as Useful Tools in Archaeothanatology
International audienceSince the 1960s, various technological developments have changed research practices in all disciplines. These profound transformations are the consequences of the advent of computers and, above all, access to great computing power. Innovations and tools are rapidly being transferred from industry to the social sciences and humanities, and being adapted for use in archaeology and biological anthropology. The first symposium on quantitative methods in archaeology was the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) held in Birmingham, UK, in 1973 (Laflin, 2014). The development of computer tools has changed the recording of data in the field with the creation of databases to guide observations. This profoundly modified the analysis of archaeological sites by introducing multi-dimensional, quantitative and qualitative analysis of archaeological features (Djindjian and Vigneron, 1980). Similarly, the use of digital photography constitutes an important step for the discipline, with modification of not only excavation practices, recording and treatment of data, but also as an aid for framing of research questions. Indeed, digital photographs have made it possible to increase the number of field records but also offer the possibility of being aggregated, annotated or modified using specific software, thus contributing to the creation of new data. That way, they become a real research aid beyond the simple archive document. Digital photography enriches existing data, creates new data, and thus can contribute to the formulation of new research problems. Digital photographs can be both a working medium and a means of dissemination of an object or a site (Collet, 1996). This way, it becomes a real research aid, beyond the simple archive document. In addition, adding light colorimetry that modifies visualisation of statues and clarity of inscriptions also reveals details that permit new insights in a funerary context
Apport de la modélisation tridimensionnelle à la compréhension du fonctionnement des sépultures multiples : l'exemple du secteur central de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome, Italie) (Ier-milieu IIIe s. ap. J.-C.)
The aim of this thesis is to perform, with the help of new informatics tools, an original study method of funerary space and offers a three-dimensional modelling of burial from architecture to individuals. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of Saint Peter and Marcellinus catacombs parts, unexplored and original in its organisation. Several tombs, dated of 1st-3rd s A.D, received many buried. The complexity of tombs of central sector catacombs needs a new type of representation for analysis. The thesis goal is to establish a modelling process for several burials, adapt with deposit complex stratification. At first, our study was about the conception and the test of a modelling protocol adapted to the two study tombs, and after, to analyze chronological times and deposit management. Our research has result to acquisition and restitution process development of all human remains, funerary device and funerary space. The 3D modelling permits by the 3D visualisation, an advanced study, analyses of relations between different individuals and taphonomic evolution of deposit which confirmed the simultaneous deposit into levels and between levels linked to death's crisis.The application of a record protocol then restitution on these catacombs must contribute to a conception method for the approach of plural burials.Cette thĂšse se propose de mettre au point, grĂące aux nouveaux outils informatiques, une mĂ©thode dâĂ©tude originale de lâespace funĂ©raire en offrant une restitution tridimensionnelle de la sĂ©pulture, de lâarchitecture aux sujets. La dĂ©couverte en 2003, dâun secteur de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcelin (Rome, Italie), encore inexplorĂ© et original dans son organisation, a initiĂ© ce travail. Plusieurs tombes, datĂ©es des Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C, accueillent une succession de dĂ©pĂŽts dâun grand nombre dâinhumĂ©s. La complexitĂ© des ensembles funĂ©raires de ce secteur a nĂ©cessitĂ© le recours Ă de nouvelles formes de reprĂ©sentation pour lâanalyse. Lâobjectif de cette thĂšse est dâĂ©tablir un protocole de modĂ©lisation des sĂ©pultures multiples adaptĂ© Ă la stratification complexe des dĂ©pĂŽts. Nos recherches ont portĂ©, dans un premier temps sur lâĂ©laboration et le test dâun processus de modĂ©lisation adaptĂ©s aux deux tombes Ă©tudiĂ©es et dans un second temps sur lâanalyse des temps chronologiques et de la gestion des dĂ©pĂŽts. Nos recherches ont abouti Ă la mise au point dâune mĂ©thodologie dâacquisition et de restitution de lâensemble des vestiges osseux, de lâappareil funĂ©raire et de lâespace funĂ©raire. La modĂ©lisation 3D a permis par la visualisation tridimensionnelle une Ă©tude fine individuelle, une analyse des relations entre les diffĂ©rents sujets et de lâĂ©volution taphonomique des dĂ©pĂŽts confirmant la simultanĂ©itĂ© des dĂ©pĂŽts au sein des niveaux et entre les niveaux en rapport avec une crise de mortalitĂ©.Lâapplication d'un protocole d'enregistrement puis de restitutions sur cette catacombe pourra contribuer Ă l'Ă©laboration d'une mĂ©thode pour l'approche des sĂ©pultures plurielles
Les outils 3D, une nouvelle forme de représentation pour une nouvelle analyse des sépultures
International audienc