38 research outputs found

    Deciphering downstream gene targets of PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in breast cancer

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (<it>RPS6KB1</it>), located at 17q23, is amplified and overexpressed in 10–30% of primary breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines. p70S6K is a serine/threonine kinase regulated by PI3K/mTOR pathway, which plays a crucial role in control of cell cycle, growth and survival. Our aim was to determine p70S6K and PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K pathway dependent gene expression profiles by microarrays using five breast cancer cell lines with predefined gene copy number and gene expression alterations. The p70S6K dependent profiles were determined by siRNA silencing of <it>RPS6KB1 </it>in two breast cancer cell lines overexpressing p70S6K. These profiles were further correlated with gene expression alterations caused by inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathway with PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Altogether, the silencing of p70S6K altered the expression of 109 and 173 genes in two breast cancer cell lines and 67 genes were altered in both cell lines in addition to <it>RPS6KB1</it>. Furthermore, 17 genes including <it>VTCN1 </it>and <it>CDKN2B </it>showed overlap with genes differentially expressed after PI3K or mTOR inhibition. The gene expression signatures responsive to both PI3K/mTOR pathway and p70S6K inhibitions revealed previously unidentified genes suggesting novel downstream targets for PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K pathway.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Since p70S6K overexpression is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients, the potential downstream targets of p70S6K and the whole PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K pathway identified in our study may have diagnostic value.</p

    Exome sequencing reveals predominantly de novo variants in disorders with intellectual disability (ID) in the founder population of Finland

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    The genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) has mainly been studied in consanguineous families, however, founder populations may also be of interest to study intellectual disability (ID) and the contribution of ARID. Here, we used a genotype-driven approach to study the genetic landscape of ID in the founder population of Finland. A total of 39 families with syndromic and non-syndromic ID were analyzed using exome sequencing, which revealed a variant in a known ID gene in 27 families. Notably, 75% of these variants in known ID genes were de novo or suspected de novo (64% autosomal dominant; 11% X-linked) and 25% were inherited (14% autosomal recessive; 7% X-linked; and 4% autosomal dominant). A dual molecular diagnosis was suggested in two families (5%). Via additional analysis and molecular testing, we identified three cases with an abnormal molecular karyotype, including chr21q22.12q22.2 uniparental disomy with a mosaic interstitial 2.7 Mb deletion covering DYRK1A and KCNJ6. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 64% (25/39) of the families. Last, we report an alternate inheritance model for 3 known ID genes (UBA7, DDX47, DHX58) and discuss potential candidate genes for ID, including SYPL1 and ERGIC3 with homozygous founder variants and de novo variants in POLR2F and DNAH3. In summary, similar to other European populations, de novo variants were the most common variants underlying ID in the studied Finnish population, with limited contribution of ARID to ID etiology, though mainly driven by founder and potential founder variation in the latter case.Peer reviewe

    Antiviral Properties of Chemical Inhibitors of Cellular Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins

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    Viral diseases remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral diseases, new treatments are urgently needed. Here we show that small-molecules, which inhibit cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2i), induced the premature death of cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses, whereas, at the same concentrations, no toxicity was observed in mock-infected cells. Moreover, these compounds limited viral replication and spread. Surprisingly, Bcl-2i also induced the premature apoptosis of cells transfected with viral RNA or plasmid DNA but not of mock-transfected cells. These results suggest that Bcl-2i sensitizes cells containing foreign RNA or DNA to apoptosis. A comparison of the toxicity, antiviral activity, and side effects of six Bcl-2i allowed us to select A-1155463 as an antiviral lead candidate. Thus, our results pave the way for the further development of Bcl-2i for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.Peer reviewe

    Exome sequencing reveals predominantly de novo variants in disorders with intellectual disability (ID) in the founder population of Finland

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    The genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) has mainly been studied in consanguineous families, however, founder populations may also be of interest to study intellectual disability (ID) and the contribution of ARID. Here, we used a genotype-driven approach to study the genetic landscape of ID in the founder population of Finland. A total of 39 families with syndromic and non-syndromic ID were analyzed using exome sequencing, which revealed a variant in a known ID gene in 27 families. Notably, 75% of these variants in known ID genes were de novo or suspected de novo (64% autosomal dominant; 11% X-linked) and 25% were inherited (14% autosomal recessive; 7% X-linked; and 4% autosomal dominant). A dual molecular diagnosis was suggested in two families (5%). Via additional analysis and molecular testing, we identified three cases with an abnormal molecular karyotype, including chr21q22.12q22.2 uniparental disomy with a mosaic interstitial 2.7 Mb deletion covering DYRK1A and KCNJ6. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 64% (25/39) of the families. Last, we report an alternate inheritance model for 3 known ID genes (UBA7, DDX47, DHX58) and discuss potential candidate genes for ID, including SYPL1 and ERGIC3 with homozygous founder variants and de novo variants in POLR2F and DNAH3. In summary, similar to other European populations, de novo variants were the most common variants underlying ID in the studied Finnish population, with limited contribution of ARID to ID etiology, though mainly driven by founder and potential founder variation in the latter case

    Antiviral properties of chemical inhibitors of cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins

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    Viral diseases remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral diseases, new treatments are urgently needed. Here we show that small-molecules, which inhibit cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2i), induced the premature death of cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses, whereas, at the same concentrations, no toxicity was observed in mock-infected cells. Moreover, these compounds limited viral replication and spread. Surprisingly, Bcl-2i also induced the premature apoptosis of cells transfected with viral RNA or plasmid DNA but not of mock-transfected cells. These results suggest that Bcl-2i sensitizes cells containing foreign RNA or DNA to apoptosis. A comparison of the toxicity, antiviral activity, and side effects of six Bcl-2i allowed us to select A-1155463 as an antiviral lead candidate. Thus, our results pave the way for the further development of Bcl-2i for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.</p

    GWAS meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy identifies 26 risk loci and subtype-specific genetic architecture

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    Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here we report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study including 29,944 cases, stratified into three broad categories and seven subtypes of epilepsy, and 52,538 controls. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci, 19 of which are specific to genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We implicate 29 likely causal genes underlying these 26 loci. SNP-based heritability analyses show that common variants explain between 39.6% and 90% of genetic risk for GGE and its subtypes. Subtype analysis revealed markedly different genetic architectures between focal and generalized epilepsies. Gene-set analyses of GGE signals implicate synaptic processes in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Prioritized candidate genes overlap with monogenic epilepsy genes and with targets of current antiseizure medications. Finally, we leverage our results to identify alternate drugs with predicted efficacy if repurposed for epilepsy treatment

    Genome-wide identification and phenotypic characterization of seizure-associated copy number variations in 741,075 individuals

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    Copy number variants (CNV) are established risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders with seizures or epilepsy. With the hypothesis that seizure disorders share genetic risk factors, we pooled CNV data from 10,590 individuals with seizure disorders, 16,109 individuals with clinically validated epilepsy, and 492,324 population controls and identified 25 genome-wide significant loci, 22 of which are novel for seizure disorders, such as deletions at 1p36.33, 1q44, 2p21-p16.3, 3q29, 8p23.3-p23.2, 9p24.3, 10q26.3, 15q11.2, 15q12-q13.1, 16p12.2, 17q21.31, duplications at 2q13, 9q34.3, 16p13.3, 17q12, 19p13.3, 20q13.33, and reciprocal CNVs at 16p11.2, and 22q11.21. Using genetic data from additional 248,751 individuals with 23 neuropsychiatric phenotypes, we explored the pleiotropy of these 25 loci. Finally, in a subset of individuals with epilepsy and detailed clinical data available, we performed phenome-wide association analyses between individual CNVs and clinical annotations categorized through the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). For six CNVs, we identified 19 significant associations with specific HPO terms and generated, for all CNVs, phenotype signatures across 17 clinical categories relevant for epileptologists. This is the most comprehensive investigation of CNVs in epilepsy and related seizure disorders, with potential implications for clinical practice

    Muistisairas potilas Metropolian suunhoidon opetusklinikalla : opetusmateriaali opetuksen ja oppimisen tueksi

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    Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on kehittää muistisairaan potilaan hoitoa Metropolian suunhoidon opetusklinikalla. Tavoitteena on tuottaa opetusmateriaali opetuksen ja oppimisen tueksi. Tuotoksemme käsittelee muistisairaan potilaan hoitoprosessia ja avaa yleisimmät muistisairaudet Suomessa sekä kertoo ikääntymisen vaikutuksista suuhun ja muistiin. Opas on luettavissa Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulun Moodle-oppimisalustan virtuaaliopetusklinikalta. Opinnäytetyössä tuotetun materiaalin kohderyhmänä ovat suuhygienistiopiskelijat ohjaajineen. Hyödynsaajina ovat muistisairaat sekä heidän läheisensä ja hoitajansa. Kehittämistehtävinä opinnäytetyössä ovat muistisairaan potilaan kohtaaminen ja hoito Metropolian suunhoidon opetusklinikalla ja omahoidon varmistaminen jatkossa. Muistisairaan potilaan hoitoprosessissa on monta huomioitavaa tekijää. Oikeanlainen vuorovaikutus on erittäin tärkeässä roolissa. Väestön ikääntyessä muistisairaudet lisääntyvät ja tulemme tarvitsemaan yhä enemmän tietoa muistisairaan potilaan suun terveydenhoidosta. Opinnäytetyön rakenne noudattaa toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön kriteereitä. Aiheemme on tärkeä, sillä muistisairaan potilaan hoitoa käsitellään koulutusohjelmassamme vain yleisellä tasolla, mutta suunhoidollisesta näkökulmasta erittäin vähän. Tietoperustamme muodostuu erilaisista tutkimuksista, tieteellisistä julkaisuista sekä aiheeseen liittyvästä kirjallisuudesta. Tiedonhauissa on käytetty muun muassa Medic-, Medline- ja Ovid-tietokantoja. Opinnäytetyö ja tiedonhaut ovat toteutettu yleisiä eettisyyden ja luotettavuuden periaatteita kunnioittaen. Tulevaisuudessa olisi tärkeää, että Suomessa keskityttäisiin yhä enemmän elintapojen merkitykseen muistisairauksien ennaltaehkäisyssä. Tähän suuntaan ollaan jo menossa, mutta edelleen potilaita hoidetaan pelkällä lääkityksellä. Huonot elintavat ja monilääkitys tulevat näkymään negatiivisesti tulevaisuudessa myös suun terveydessä, sillä tulevilla ikääntyvillä sukupolvilla tulee olemaan omat hampaat suussa pidempään.The purpose of this thesis is to develop the care of a person who suffers from memory disease at Metropolia’s oral hygiene teaching clinic. The aim is to produce educational material to support teaching and learning. The guide contains the treatment process of aperson who suffers from memory disease and opens up the most common memory diseases in Finland and it’s impact in oral health. The guide is available on the Metropolia University of Applied Sciences’ Moodle learning platform for virtual teaching clinic. The target group is the dental hygienist lecturers and beneficiaries are the relatives and nurses of the person who suffers from a memory disease. By this thesis we are developing the encounter and care of people with memory diseases at Metropolia’s oral hygiene teaching clinic and ensuring self-care in the future. The right kind of interaction is in a very important role. As the population ages the people with memory diseases are increasing which forces to have more knowledge of a patient’s health. The structure of this thesis complies with the criteria of functional thesis. The degree programme of oral hygiene doesn’t contain enough information about this subject. That is why this subject is very important. The data base consists of different studies, scientific publications and literature. The information was collected from different databases such as Medic, Medline and Ovid databases. The thesis has been carried out in general examinations to ethics and integrity principles. In the future it is important to focus more to the consequences of living habits to prevent the memory diseases in Finland. This direction Finland is already going in but there are still a lot of patients who are treated only with medication. Poor living habits and polypharmacy will be effecting negatively to the oral health in the future. That's because in the future elderly generations will have their own teeth for a longer time in their mouth

    Viranomaisten välinen viestintä Pohjantien liikenneonnettomuustehtävillä 6.3.2013

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    Suurille onnettomuustehtäville osallistuu useita eri viranomaisia. Toimiakseen tehokkaasti yhdessä viranomaisten täytyy tuntea toistensa toimintaperiaatteet ja toimia tehtävällä jatkuvassa vuorovaikutuksessa. Tämän onnistuminen edellyttää toiminnan jatkuvaa arviointia ja kehittämistä. Tutkimus on osa kansainvälistä Disaster Control Management -projektia, jonka tavoitteena on kehittää työkaluja suurten onnettomuuksien johtamisen tueksi. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää viranomaisten välistä viestintää Oulussa Pohjantiellä 6.3.2013 tapahtuneilla liikenneonnettomuustehtävillä. Tavoitteena oli kuvailla viranomaisten välistä tiedonkulkua laajassa onnettomuustilanteessa sekä selvittää kehitysideoita moniviranomaistehtävän suorittamiseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena, jonka aineisto kerättiin puolistrukturoidulla haastattelulla. Tutkimuksen asiantuntijajoukko koostui Pohjantien liikenneonnettomuustehtävillä johtotehtävissä toimineista kuudesta pelastustoimen, ensihoidon ja poliisin toimijasta. Tutkimustulosten mukaan viranomaisten välinen viestintä koettiin osittain puutteelliseksi. Viranomaisten välinen yhteydenpito ei ollut systemaattista ja muiden viranomaisten toiminnasta oli epätietoisuutta. Tilannekuvan muodostamista pidettiin haastavana. Virven kautta yhteydenotto oli ajoittain ongelmallista puheliikenteen ruuhkautumisen takia. Toiminnan kehittämisideoissa painottui viranomaisten välisen yhteistyön lisääminen sekä tilanteen aikana että sen jälkeen. Vuorovaikutusta tehtävän aikana ja tiedon jakamista muiden viranomaisten kanssa toivottiin kehitettävän. Tehtävän jälkeistä yhteispalaveria, viestinnän suunnitelmallisuutta sekä havaittuihin ongelmiin puuttumista pidettiin oleellisina toimintaa kehittävinä asioina. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää tutkimukseen osallistuneiden viranomaisten toiminnan ja yhteistyön kehittämiseksi. Tulosten perusteella organisaatioissa voidaan suunnitella tarvittavaa koulutusta. Tuloksia voidaan käyttää myös tutkintoon tähtäävän koulutuksen johtamis- ja viranomaisyhteistyön opintojen kehittämiseen. Tulokset ovat Disaster Control Management -projektin työryhmän hyödynnettävissä.Multiple authorities are involved in managing major accidents. In order to work efficiently, authorities must know each other’s operating principles and interact closely during the duty. This requires on going evaluation and development of the procedures and policies. This study is part of Disaster Control Management, an international project focused on developing tools to support decision-making in major accidents. The aim of the study was to examine communication between authorities during the traffic accidents on the Road Pohjantie on March 6th 2013. The goal was to describe the flow of information between authorities during a large accident and generate new ideas to further develop and optimize performance in multi authority tasks. The study was carried out using a qualitative method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. Six rescue authorities holding executive positions during the accidents in Pohjantie were interviewed. Executives from rescue services, emergency care and the police where included in the study. Results indicated that communication between authorities was partially inadequate. Communication was not systematic and there was a lack of information between different authorities in regards to what actions were being taken by different units. Obtaining a cohesive picture of the situation was considered challenging. Occasionally establishing contact via Virve was also problematic, due to overcrowding causing congestion in the radio lines. Developmental ideas stressed the importance of increasing cooperation between authorities, both during and after the duty. Deliberate communication and reacting to problems were regarded as significant areas of development. In addition, a mutual meeting after the duty was proposed as an addition to the current conduct. These results can be utilized to further enhance the collaborative performance of multiple authorities, in order to optimize the effectiveness in managing major accidents. Training sessions within organizations can be designed in accordance with the results of the study. New aspects can be incorporated into the management and multi authority cooperation studies provided by educational institutions. The results are openly available for use by the project Disaster Control Management work group

    Vanhemman taustatekijät yksivuotiaalle lapselle tehdyn hoitoratkaisun ja varhaiskasvatukseen liittyvän tyytyväisyyden selittäjinä

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    Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin vanhempien taustatekijöiden yhteyttä lastenhoitoratkaisuihin sekä kantasuomalaisten ja muualta Suomeen muuttaneiden eroja tyytyväisyydessä varhaiskasvatukseen. Tutkimuksen aineistona (N = 2696) käytettiin CHILDCARE -tutkimushankkeen kyselyaineiston vanhempien taustatekijöitä, lastenhoitoratkaisuja ja vanhempien tyytyväisyyttä koskevia osia. Aineisto kerättiin vuonna 2016 kymmenessä yhteistyökunnassa ja kyselyn kohderyhmänä olivat noin yksivuotiaiden lasten vanhemmat. Vanhempien taustatekijöiden vaikutusta lapsen hoitoratkaisuun analysoitiin logistisella regressioanalyysillä ja vanhempien tyytyväisyyttä varhaiskasvatukseen tutkittiin Mann-Whitneyn U-testillä. Molemmat analyysit tehtiin SPSS 24-ohjelmistolla. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että osa vanhemman taustatekijöistä on yhteydessä yksivuotiaalle lapselle tehtyyn hoitoratkaisuun ja varhaiskasvatukseen liittyvään tyytyväisyyteen. Korkeakoulutetut, Helsingin ulkopuolella asuvat ja muualla kuin Suomessa syntyneet vanhemmat valitsivat todennäköisemmin hoitomuodoksi varhaiskasvatuksen kuin kotihoidon. Mitä vanhempi lapsi oli, sitä todennäköisemmin hoitomuodoksi valittiin varhaiskasvatus. Vanhemmat olivat synnyinmaasta riippumatta tyytyväisiä varhaiskasvatukseen. Vanhempien koulutuksen ja lapsen iän suhteen tulokset tukivat aiempaa tutkimusta. Vanhemman asuinkunnan ja synnyinmaan kohdalla tulokset kuitenkin erosivat aiemmasta tutkimuksesta. Vanhempien tyytyväisyys henkilökunnan ammattitaitoon, kasvatusperiaatteisiin ja kulttuuritaustan huomioimiseen varhaiskasvatuksessa mukaili aiempia tutkimuksia
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