ANALISIS PENENTUAN SEKTOR UNGGULAN KABUPATEN PIDIE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sektor unggulan perekonomian Kabupaten Pidie sebagai bahan masukan bagi perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi daerah di Kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Pidie dan Provinsi Aceh periode 2002-2016 yang dibagi dalam tiga waktu pengamatan.Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Shift-Share dan Klassen Tipology. Sektor unggulan dapat ditentukan dengan mengabungkan hasil ketiga alat analasis yaitu sektor basis, yang maju, berdaya saing dan tumbuh pesat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pada waktu sebelum pemekaran Kabupaten Pidie periode 2002-2006, yang menjadi sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Pidie adalah sektor pertanian. Pada waktu setelah pemekaran Kabupaten Pidie periode 2007-2011, yang menjadi sektor unggulan adalah sektor jasa - jasa. Sedangkan setelah perubahan sektor PDRB periode 2012-2016, yang menjadi sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Pidie adalah sektor perdagangan besar dan eceran; reparasi mobil dan sepeda motor dan sektor jasa kesehatan dan kegiatan sosial. Kebijakan pemerintah yang tepat sasaran sangat diharapkan dalam mendorong tumbuhnya investasi di sektor-sektor basis yang maju namun tidak berdaya saing yang akan meningkatkan konstribusi sektor tersebut dalam PDRB dan mendorong pertumbunan ekonomi daerah di masa yang akan datang

THE TRADITION OF FEMALE CIRCUMCISION (THE INTEGRATION OF RELIGION AND CULTURE)

The aims of this research are: the first, to describe the implementation of the female circumcision tradition in Jeneponto society, the second to describe the Islamic values ​​contained in the female circumcision tradition and the third to acquire a clear picture of the attitude and understanding of the people of Jeneponto about the tradition of female circumcision. This research is descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted in two ways, namely: library research and field research. The results of this study indicate that the tradition of female circumcision in Jeneponto society is carried out very lively as is the case with marriage traditions, starting with the preparation process such as deliberation, Korontigi events, to the circumcision reception. Various kinds of traditional rituals that have been carried out so far still reflect Islamic values ​​that are described in the form of religious understanding, solidarity and mutual cooperation as well as the value of beauty that is reflected in the entire series of traditional rituals. The attitude and understanding of Jeneponto society regarding the tradition of female circumcision which is an obligation for Muslims, and ancestral traditions that must be preserved. In addition, there is a social construction in the implementation of female circumcision, and the circumcision event is one of the gathering places. الملخص أهداف هذه الدراسة هي: أولا: وصف تنفيذ ختان الإناث في مجتمع جينيبونتو ، وثانيا: وصف القيم الإسلامية المتضمنة في ختان الإناث في جينيبونتو ، و ثالثا: الحصول على المواقف مفاهيم مجتمع جينيبونتو عن ختان الإناث في صورة واضحة. أما نوع البحث فهو نوعي وصفي. وأجريت الدراسة على طريقتين هما: البحث المكتبي والبحث الميداني. تظهر نتائج هذه الدراسة أن ختان الإناث في مجتمع جينيبونتو تم تنفيذه بشكل حفلات كبيرة كما هو الحال في احتفال وليمة العرس ، بدءا من عملية تحضيرية مثل المداولات ، وبرنامج الكورونتيةkorontigi  حتى حفلات الختان. هناك مجموعة من الطقوس والتقاليد التى لا تخالف القيم الإسلامية مازالت تنفذ حتى الآن في شكل المفاهيم الدينية وتضامن عال والتعاون بين المجتمع وقيم الجمال المصور من طقوسها المعتادة. يعتبر ختان الإناث عند مجتمع جينيبونتو إلزاما للمسلمات، وتقاليد الأجداد التي يجب الحفاظ عليها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، هناك بناء اجتماعي في تنفيذ ختان الإناث حيث أنه وسيلة لصلة الأرحام بين المجتمع. الكلمات املفتاحية: تقاليد، ختان الإناث، الدين، الثقافة Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : pertama, mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan tradisi khitan perempuan pada masyarakat Jeneponto kedua, mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai Islam yang terkandung dalam tradisi khitan perempuan dan ketiga, memperoleh gambaran yang jelas seperti apa sikap dan pemahaman masyarkat Jeneponto tentang tradisi khitan perempuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu: penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi khitan perempuan pada masyarakat Jeneponto dilaksanakan dengan sangat meriah seperti halnya tradisi perkawinan, dimulai dengan proses persiapan seperti musyawarah, acara Korontigi, sampai pada acara resepsi khitanan. Berbagai macam ritual tradisi yang dilakukan selama ini masih mencerminkan nilai-nilai Islam yang terjabarkan dalam bentuk pemahaman religious, tingginya solidaritas dan gotong royong serta nilai keindahan yang tergambar dari seluruh rangkaian ritual adatnya. Sikap dan pemahaman masyarakat Jeneponto tentang tradisi khitan perempuan yang merupakan kewajiban bagi umat Islam, dan tradisi leluhur yang harus dilestarikan. Selain itu adanya konstruksi sosial dalam pelaksanaan khitan perempuan, serta acara khitan merupakan salah satu ajang silaturahmi.  Kata Kunci: Tradisi; Khitan Perempuan; Agama dan Buday

Kompetensi Pengadilan Agama dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah di Pengadilan Agama Makassar

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, untuk mengetahui bagaimana kompetensi pengadilan Agama Makassar dalam menyelesaikan sengketa masalah syariah baik dari kemampuan hakim maupun kompetensi dalam model penyelesaian yang digunakan. Kedua, untuk mengetahui apa saja tantangan Pengadilan Agama Makassar dalam penyelesaian sengketa Ekonomi Syariah terkait dengan adanya kewenangan baru gugatan agama dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan metode wawancara mendalam serta analisis dokumen.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yakni Pengadilan Agama Makassar dalam menjalankan kewenangannya menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah sudah dan berkompeten, ini dilihat dari sumber daya manusianya yakni Hakim yang diberi tugas untuk menyelesaikan sengketa Ekonomi Syariah telah mengikuti pelatihan dan memiliki sertifikat. Walaupun  Pengadilan Agama Makassar telah memiliki sumber daya manusia yang berkompeten akan tetapi persentase jumlah sengketa ekonomi syariah yang masuk masih sedikit. Ini karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada Pengadilan Agama dan sengketa ekonomi syariah masih dapat diselesaikan di luar Pengadilan Agama.Kata Kunci : Kompetensi Pengadilan Agama, Sengketa Ekonomi Syaria

A Framework to Estimate the Nutritional Value of Food in Real Time Using Deep Learning Techniques

There has been a rapid increase in dietary ailments during last few decades, caused by unhealthy food routine. Mobile-based dietary assessment systems that can record real time images of meal and analyze it for nutritional content can be very handy and improve the dietary habits, and therefore, result in healthy life. This paper proposes a novel system to automatically estimate food attributes such as ingredients and nutritional value by classifying the input image of food. Our method employs different deep learning models for accurate food identification. In addition to image analysis, attributes and ingredients are estimated by extracting semantically related words from a huge corpus of text, collected over the Internet. We performed experiments with a dataset comprising 100 classes, averaging 1000 images for each class to acquire top 1 classification rate of up to 85 percent. An extension of a benchmark dataset Food-101 is also created to include sub-continental foods. Results show that our proposed system is equally efficient on basic Food- 101 dataset and its extension for sub-continental foods. The proposed system is implemented as a mobile app that has its application in healthcare sector

In vivo Tâ cell activation by a monoclonal αCD3ε antibody induces preterm labor and birth

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134074/1/aji12562.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134074/2/aji12562_am.pd

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

SummaryBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57·8% (95% CI 56·6–58·8) of global deaths and 41·2% (39·8–42·8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211·8 million [192·7 million to 231·1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148·6 million [134·2 million to 163·1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143·1 million [125·1 million to 163·5 million]), high BMI (120·1 million [83·8 million to 158·4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113·3 million [103·9 million to 123·4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103·1 million [90·8 million to 115·1 million]), high total cholesterol (88·7 million [74·6 million to 105·7 million]), household air pollution (85·6 million [66·7 million to 106·1 million]), alcohol use (85·0 million [77·2 million to 93·0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83·0 million [49·3 million to 127·5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

RNA-Seq Reveals an Integrated Immune Response in Nucleated Erythrocytes

Background: Throughout the primary literature and within textbooks, the erythrocyte has been tacitly accepted to have maintained a unique physiological role; namely gas transport and exchange. In non-mammalian vertebrates, nucleated erythrocytes are present in circulation throughout the life cycle and a fragmented series of observations in mammals support a potential role in non-respiratory biological processes. We hypothesised that nucleated erythrocytes could actively participate via ligand-induced transcriptional re-programming in the immune response. Methodology/Principal Findings: Nucleated erythrocytes from both fish and birds express and regulate specific pattern recognition receptor (PRR) mRNAs and, thus, are capable of specific pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) detection that is central to the innate immune response. In vitro challenge with diverse PAMPs led to de novo specific mRNA synthesis of both receptors and response factors including interferon-alpha (IFNα) that exhibit a stimulus-specific polysomal shift supporting active translation. RNA-Seq analysis of the PAMP (Poly (I:C), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid)-erythrocyte response uncovered diverse cohorts of differentially expressed mRNA transcripts related to multiple physiological systems including the endocrine, reproductive and immune. Moreover, erythrocyte-derived conditioned mediums induced a type-1 interferon response in macrophages thus supporting an integrative role for the erythrocytes in the immune response. Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrate that nucleated erythrocytes in non-mammalian vertebrates spanning significant phylogenetic distance participate in the immune response. RNA-Seq studies highlight a mRNA repertoire that suggests a previously unrecognized integrative role for the erythrocytes in other physiological systems

Down-regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha and rearranged during transfection tyrosine kinase is associated with withaferin a-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Withaferin A (WA), a naturally occurring withanolide, induces apoptosis in both estrogen-responsive MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines with higher sensitivity in MCF-7 cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-cancer effects of WA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and explore alterations in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and its associated molecules <it>in vitro </it>as novel mechanisms of WA action.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The effects of WA on MCF-7 viability and proliferation were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and trypan blue exclusion assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry and Western blot analysis of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Cell cycle effects were analyzed by PI flow cytometry. Western blotting was also conducted to examine alterations in the expression of ERα and pathways that are associated with ERα function.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>WA resulted in growth inhibition and decreased viability in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 576 nM for 72 h. It also caused a dose- and time-dependent apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. WA-induced apoptosis was associated with down-regulation of ERα, REarranged during Transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase, and heat shock factor-1 (HSF1), as well as up-regulation of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (phospho-p38 MAPK), p53 and p21 protein expression. Co-treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or proteasome inhibitor MG132 revealed that depletion of ERα by WA is post-translational, due to proteasome-dependent ERα degradation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Taken together, down-regulation of ERα, RET, HSF1 and up-regulation of phospho-p38 MAPK, p53, p21 are involved in the pro-apoptotic and growth-inhibitory effects of WA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells <it>in vitro</it>. Down-regulation of ERα protein levels by WA is caused by proteasome-dependent ERα degradation.</p

Childhood tuberculosis is associated with decreased abundance of T cell gene transcripts and impaired T cell function

The WHO estimates around a million children contract tuberculosis (TB) annually with over 80 000 deaths from dissemination of infection outside of the lungs. The insidious onset and association with skin test anergy suggests failure of the immune system to both recognise and respond to infection. To understand the immune mechanisms, we studied genome-wide whole blood RNA expression in children with TB meningitis (TBM). Findings were validated in a second cohort of children with TBM and pulmonary TB (PTB), and functional T-cell responses studied in a third cohort of children with TBM, other extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) and PTB. The predominant RNA transcriptional response in children with TBM was decreased abundance of multiple genes, with 140/204 (68%) of all differentially regulated genes showing reduced abundance compared to healthy controls. Findings were validated in a second cohort with concordance of the direction of differential expression in both TBM (r2 = 0.78 p = 2x10-16) and PTB patients (r2 = 0.71 p = 2x10-16) when compared to a second group of healthy controls. Although the direction of expression of these significant genes was similar in the PTB patients, the magnitude of differential transcript abundance was less in PTB than in TBM. The majority of genes were involved in activation of leucocytes (p = 2.67E-11) and T-cell receptor signalling (p = 6.56E-07). Less abundant gene expression in immune cells was associated with a functional defect in T-cell proliferation that recovered after full TB treatment (p<0.0003). Multiple genes involved in T-cell activation show decreased abundance in children with acute TB, who also have impaired functional T-cell responses. Our data suggest that childhood TB is associated with an acquired immune defect, potentially resulting in failure to contain the pathogen. Elucidation of the mechanism causing the immune paresis may identify new treatment and prevention strategies

A Novel, Non-Apoptotic Role for Scythe/BAT3: A Functional Switch between the Pro- and Anti-Proliferative Roles of p21 during the Cell Cycle

BACKGROUND: Scythe/BAT3 is a member of the BAG protein family whose role in apoptosis has been extensively studied. However, since the developmental defects observed in Bat3-null mouse embryos cannot be explained solely by defects in apoptosis, we investigated whether BAT3 is also involved in cell-cycle progression. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a stable-inducible Bat3-knockdown cellular system, we demonstrated that reduced BAT3 protein level causes a delay in both G1/S transition and G2/M progression. Concurrent with these changes in cell-cycle progression, we observed a reduction in the turnover and phosphorylation of the CDK inhibitor p21, which is best known as an inhibitor of DNA replication; however, phosphorylated p21 has also been shown to promote G2/M progression. Our findings indicate that in Bat3-knockdown cells, p21 continues to be synthesized during cell-cycle phases that do not normally require p21, resulting in p21 protein accumulation and a subsequent delay in cell-cycle progression. Finally, we showed that BAT3 co-localizes with p21 during the cell cycle and is required for the translocation of p21 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during the G1/S transition and G2/M progression. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals a novel, non-apoptotic role for BAT3 in cell-cycle regulation. By maintaining a low p21 protein level during the G1/S transition, BAT3 counteracts the inhibitory effect of p21 on DNA replication and thus enables the cells to progress from G1 to S phase. Conversely, during G2/M progression, BAT3 facilitates p21 phosphorylation by cyclin A/Cdk2, an event required for G2/M progression. BAT3 modulates these pro- and anti-proliferative roles of p21 at least in part by regulating cyclin A abundance, as well as p21 translocation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus to ensure that it functions in the appropriate intracellular compartment during each phase of the cell cycle.Dissertatio