Hubungan Antara Stres Dan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Perawat Di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Latar Belakang : Stres adalah perasaan terbebani ketika suatu masalah tidak bisa ditanggung oleh seseorang. Apabila stres terjadi terlalu lama dan berat, stres dapat berdampak buruk bagi hidup manusia. Stres dapat menurunkan sistem imun seseorang, sehingga orang tersebut mudah terjangkit penyakit, salah satunya yaitu hipertensi. Stres mengakibatkan aktivitas simpatis meningkat, konstriksi vena, peningkatan kontraktilitas, volume preload naik, curah jantung meningkat, dan akhirnya mengakibatkan hipertensi. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional, dengan sampel perawat di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta berjumlah 46 responden. Pada sampel diberi kuesioner skala holmes dan rahe untuk mengukur stres, pengukuran tekanan darah menggunakan sphygmomanometer dan stethoscope. Uji yang digunakan yaitu uji gamma atau Sommer’s D dengan α = 0,05. Hasil : Karakteristik perawat sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu 36 sampel (78,3%), terbanyak kelompok umur 35-40 tahun yaitu 24 sampel (52,2%). Sebagian besar mengidap stres ringan (56,5%), tekanan darah normal atau normotensi (87,0%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara stres dan kejadian hipertensi dengan didapatkan hasil nilai p 0,097 (p > 0,05). Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara stres dan kejadian hipertensi pada perawat di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height

Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P < 0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.

Gene Expression Profiling of Preovulatory Follicle in the Buffalo Cow: Effects of Increased IGF-I Concentration on Periovulatory Events

The preovulatory follicle in response to gonadotropin surge undergoes dramatic biochemical, and morphological changes orchestrated by expression changes in hundreds of genes. Employing well characterized bovine preovulatory follicle model, granulosa cells (GCs) and follicle wall were collected from the preovulatory follicle before, 1, 10 and 22 h post peak LH surge. Microarray analysis performed on GCs revealed that 450 and 111 genes were differentially expressed at 1 and 22 h post peak LH surge, respectively. For validation, qPCR and immunocytochemistry analyses were carried out for some of the differentially expressed genes. Expression analysis of many of these genes showed distinct expression patterns in GCs and the follicle wall. To study molecular functions and genetic networks, microarray data was analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis which revealed majority of the differentially expressed genes to cluster within processes like steroidogenesis, cell survival and cell differentiation. In the ovarian follicle, IGF-I is established to be an important regulator of the above mentioned molecular functions. Thus, further experiments were conducted to verify the effects of increased intrafollicular IGF-I levels on the expression of genes associated with the above mentioned processes. For this purpose, buffalo cows were administered with exogenous bGH to transiently increase circulating and intrafollicular concentrations of IGF-I. The results indicated that increased intrafollicular concentrations of IGF-I caused changes in expression of genes associated with steroidogenesis (StAR, SRF) and apoptosis (BCL-2, FKHR, PAWR). These results taken together suggest that onset of gonadotropin surge triggers activation of various biological pathways and that the effects of growth factors and peptides on gonadotropin actions could be examined during preovulatory follicle development

Species-Area Relationships Are Controlled by Species Traits

The species-area relationship (SAR) is one of the most thoroughly investigated empirical relationships in ecology. Two theories have been proposed to explain SARs: classical island biogeography theory and niche theory. Classical island biogeography theory considers the processes of persistence, extinction, and colonization, whereas niche theory focuses on species requirements, such as habitat and resource use. Recent studies have called for the unification of these two theories to better explain the underlying mechanisms that generates SARs. In this context, species traits that can be related to each theory seem promising. Here we analyzed the SARs of butterfly and moth assemblages on islands differing in size and isolation. We tested whether species traits modify the SAR and the response to isolation. In addition to the expected overall effects on the area, traits related to each of the two theories increased the model fit, from 69% up to 90%. Steeper slopes have been shown to have a particularly higher sensitivity to area, which was indicated by species with restricted range (slope  = 0.82), narrow dietary niche (slope  = 0.59), low abundance (slope  = 0.52), and low reproductive potential (slope  = 0.51). We concluded that considering species traits by analyzing SARs yields considerable potential for unifying island biogeography theory and niche theory, and that the systematic and predictable effects observed when considering traits can help to guide conservation and management actions

Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.

We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease

Modeling psychiatric disorders: from genomic findings to cellular phenotypes

Major programs in psychiatric genetics have identified 4150 risk loci for psychiatric disorders. These loci converge on a small number of functional pathways, which span conventional diagnostic criteria, suggesting a partly common biology underlying schizophrenia, autism and other psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the cellular phenotypes that capture the fundamental features of psychiatric disorders have not yet been determined. Recent advances in genetics and stem cell biology offer new prospects for cell-based modeling of psychiatric disorders. The advent of cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provides an opportunity to translate genetic findings into patient-specific in vitro models. iPSC technology is less than a decade old but holds great promise for bridging the gaps between patients, genetics and biology. Despite many obvious advantages, iPSC studies still present multiple challenges. In this expert review, we critically review the challenges for modeling of psychiatric disorders, potential solutions and how iPSC technology can be used to develop an analytical framework for the evaluation and therapeutic manipulation of fundamental disease processes

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these microbial communities to many aspects of human physiology has grown dramatically in recent years. We know, for example, that animals raised in a germ-free environment exhibit substantially altered immune and metabolic function, while the disruption of commensal microbiota in humans is associated with the development of a growing number of diseases. Evidence is now emerging that, through interactions with the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiome can also influence neural development, cognition and behaviour, with recent evidence that changes in behaviour alter gut microbiota composition, while modifications of the microbiome can induce depressive-like behaviours. Although an association between enteropathy and certain psychiatric conditions has long been recognized, it now appears that gut microbes represent direct mediators of psychopathology. Here, we examine roles of gut microbiome in shaping brain development and neurological function, and the mechanisms by which it can contribute to mental illness. Further, we discuss how the insight provided by this new and exciting field of research can inform care and provide a basis for the design of novel, microbiota-targeted, therapies.GB Rogers, DJ Keating, RL Young, M-L Wong, J Licinio, and S Wesseling

Pengaruh Theory Of Planned Behavior Terhadap Perilaku Daur Ulang Eco-Enzyme

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh faktor situasi terhadap niat dan pengaruh kebiasaan terhadap daur ulang pada penggiat eco-enzyme menggunakan Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengatasi permasalahan sampah di Indonesia melalui gerakan 3R (reuse, reduce, dan recycling) masih belum terlaksana secara menyeluruh akibat rendahnya perilaku daur ulang sampah rumah tangga di Indonesia. Masalah ini menyebabkan jumlah timbunan sampah di Indonesia mencapai 65 juta ton. Hadirnya gerakan eco-enzyme sebagai gerakan daur ulang dengan rangkaian proses dan bahan baku yang mudah diaplikasikan menjadi potensi baru bagi solusi permasalahan sampah Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dengan menggunakan integrasi dua model TPB yang menggunakan variabel tambahan faktor situasi dan kebiasaan untuk menganalisis faktor yang menyebabkan niat daur ulang penggiat eco-enzyme dan menganalisis faktor yang menyebabkan perilaku daur ulang penggiat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Indonesia pada 10 provinsi dengan 7 dari provinsi tersebut adalah provinsi dengan data timbunan sampah tertinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 105 responden penggiat eco-enzyme melalui kuesioner online. Data yang didapatkan dianalisa dengan SEM-PLS melalui WarpPLS 7.0 untuk mengetahui determinan dari niat dan perilaku daur ulang penggiat dan analisa deskriptis digunakan untuk menganalisa perilaku daur ulang penggiat eco-enzyme. Hasil analisis perilaku daur ulang eco-enzyme didapatkan bahwa lebih dari 50% responden telah melakukan kegiatan daur ulang eco-enzyme selama tiga bulan terkahir. Faktor yang memiliki nilai pengaruh paling tinggi adalah kebiasaan diikuti oleh niat dan kontrol perilaku. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sikap, morma subjektif, dan faktor situasi tidak signifikan terhadap niat. Niat dan kebiasaan memiliki pengaruh terhadap rerilaku daur ulang penggiat eco-enzyme. Kontrol perilaku memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap niat dan pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap perilaku daur ulang penggiat eco-enzyme. Terungkap bahwa kebiasaan daur ulang penggiat eco-enzyme sebelum mengenal eco-enzyme menjadi determinan terkuat dalam keputusan penggiat untuk menerapkan perilaku daur ulang menggunakan metoda eco-enzyme. Saran yang didapat diberikan berdasarkan hasil analisa data dalam penelitian ini ada tiga. Pertama adalah perlunya pembentukan kebiasaan secara bertahap pada penggiat untuk menciptakan perilaku daur ulang eco-enzyme. Kedua adalah selama pembentukan perilaku perlu diperkuat pemahaman anggota terkait manfaat dan tahapan daur ulang eco-enzyme agar anggota mau melakukan perilaku daur ulang eco-enzyme ini. Ketiga adalah pada penelitian sebelumnya diperlukan pengguanan indikator yang lebih spesifik dan sesuai dengan karakteristik mayoritas responden untukk mendapatkan data yang lebih baik

Upaya Peningkatan Serapan Unsur Hara N, P, K, dan S Dan Hasil Bawang Merah Di Inceptisol Malang, Dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Majemuk NPS (16:20:16).

Kabupaten Malang merupakan salah satu pemasok bawang merah terbesar di Jawa Timur sejak tahun 2012 – 2019. Luas panen bawang merah di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2019 mencapai 42.962 ribu hektar. Walaupun terjadi peningkatan produksi bawang merah pada setiap tahunnya, namun, rata-rata produktivitas bawang merah nasional masih tergolong rendah. Upaya peningkatan dapat dilakukan melalui aplikasi pupuk majemuk. Pupuk majemuk digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil dan juga mengandung unsur hara yaitu N, P, K, dan S. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh aplikasi pupuk majemuk NPS (16:20:16) dengan berbagai dosis terhadap serapan hara tanaman N, P, K, S, pertumbuhan serta hasil bawang merah di Inceptisol Malang serta mengetahui hubungan (korelasi) serapan hara tanaman dengan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilakukan di Lahan Percobaan Jatimulyo, yang terletak di Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang pada bulan September hingga November 2021. Rancangan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan aplikasi pupuk majemuk dengan dosis yang berbeda dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 24 petak perlakuan, yaitu M0 (Kontrol), M1 (100% Pupuk Anorganik Dasar), M2 (50% Pupuk Majemuk), M3 (75% Pupuk Majemuk), M4 (100% Pupuk Majemuk), M5 (125% Pupuk Majemuk), M6 (150% Pupuk Majemuk), M7 (200% Pupuk Majemuk). Parameter penelitian yang diamati yaitu pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun, hasil jumlah umbi, diameter umbi, bobot basah umbi per rumpun, serta bobot kering umbi per rumpun. Parameter kimia tanah yaitu pH (H2O dan KCl) serta parameter serapan, berupa serapan hara N, P, K, dan S. Tabulasi data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Microsoft Excel 2013, kemudian dilakukan analisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan software Rstudio, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan taraf 5% dan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk majemuk NPS (16:20:16) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah seperti panjang tanaman dan jumlah daun. Selain itu, aplikasi pupuk majemuk NPS (16:20:16) juga meningkatkan hasil tanaman yaitu bobot kering per rumpun, bobot basah umbi per rumpun dan diameter umbi berturut-turut sebesar 81,25%, 93,36%, 78,43% Aplikasi pupuk majemuk juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH tanah serta serapan hara tanaman N dan K. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi serapan N, P, K, dan S pada tanaman bawang merah maka akan semakin meningkatkan diameter serta bobot kering umbi yang dihasilkan. Secara keseluruhan, perlakuan M7 (200% Pupuk Majemuk) cenderung memberikan hasil yang tertinggi yang dapat diterapkan pada setiap parameter yang diambil dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya

Structures of apo and GTP-bound molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MoaC from Thermus thermophilus HB8

The first step in the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis pathway involves the conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to precursor Z by two proteins (MoaA and MoaC). MoaA belongs to the S-adenosylmethioninedependent radical enzyme superfamily and is believed to generate protein and/or substrate radicals by reductive cleavage of S-adenosylmethionine using an Fe-S cluster. MoaC has been suggested to catalyze the release of pyrophosphate and the formation of the cyclic phosphate of precursor Z. However, structural evidence showing the binding of a substrate-like molecule to MoaC is not available. Here, apo and GTP-bound crystal structures of MoaC from Thermus thermophilus HB8 are reported. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments have been carried out in order to obtain thermodynamic parameters for the protein-ligand interactions. In addition, molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out on the protein-ligand complex of known structure and on models of relevant complexes for which X-ray structures are not available. The biophysical, structural and MD results reveal the residues that are involved in substrate binding and help in speculating upon a possible mechanism