Chaos around Holographic Regge Trajectories

Using methods of Hamiltonian dynamical systems, we show analytically that a dynamical system connected to the classical spinning string solution holographically dual to the principal Regge trajectory is non-integrable. The Regge trajectories themselves form an integrable island in the total phase space of the dynamical system. Our argument applies to any gravity background dual to confining field theories and we verify it explicitly in various supergravity backgrounds: Klebanov-Strassler, Maldacena-Nunez, Witten QCD and the AdS soliton. Having established non-integrability for this general class of supergravity backgrounds, we show explicitly by direct computation of the Poincare sections and the largest Lyapunov exponent, that such strings have chaotic motion.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures. V3: Minor changes complying to referee's suggestions. Typos correcte

Proyecto ecoturístico integrado en la reserva natural el Tisey-La Estanzuela

El presente proyecto realizado en la Reserva Natural El Tisey-La Estanzuela en la República de Nicaragua pretende mejorar la situación de dicha Reserva como destino ecoturístico. Mediante una descripción exhaustiva del área y una valoración de los recursos y servicios turísticos, se ha planteado la problemática para el desarrollo del ecoturismo. Según la OMT, el ecoturismo es un tipo de turismo sostenible que se realiza en espacios naturales protegidos para conocer la flora y fauna características. Debe satisfacer las necesidades de los turistas y de los autóctonos, al mismo tiempo que protege y mejora las oportunidades de futuro y se respeta la integridad cultural, los procesos ecológicos, la diversidad biológica y los sistemas de apoyo a la vida. En base a ésto y a los resultados obtenidos tanto de la valoración de los servicios y recursos como del análisis DAFO, se han propuesto un conjunto de mejoras y se ha realizado un plan de actuación, que se trata de la elaboración de cuatro itinerarios así como de trípticos informativos, que de llevarse a cabo, mejorarían las condiciones turísticas y de seguro que aumentaría la afluencia de turistas.El present projecte realitzat en la Reserva Natural El Tisey-La Estanzuela a la República de Nicaragua pretén millorar la situació d’aquesta Reserva com a destí ecoturístic. Mitjançant una descripció exhaustiva de l’àrea y una valoració dels recursos i serveis turístics, s’ha plantejat la problemàtica per al desenvolupament de l’ecoturisme. Segons la OMT, l’ecoturisme és un tipus de turisme sostenible que es realitza en espais naturals protegits per a conèixer la flora i la fauna característiques. Ha de satisfer les necessitats dels turistes i dels autòctons, alhora que protegeix i millora les oportunitats de futur i es respecta la integritat cultural, els processos ecològics, la diversitat biològica i els sistemes de suport a la vida. En base a això i als resultats obtinguts tant de la valoració dels serveis i recursos com de l’anàlisi DAFO, s’han proposat un conjunt de millores i s’ha realitzat un pla d’actuació, que es tracte de l’elaboració de quatre itineraris així com de tríptics informatius, que si es duguessin a terme, millorarien les condicions turístiques i augmentarien l’afluència de turistes.The present project realized in the Natural Reserve El Tisey-La Estanzuela in the Republic of Nicaragua tries to improve the situation of the Reserve as an ecoturistic destination. Through an exhaustive description of the area and a valuation of the resources and tourist services the problematic of the development of the ecotourism has been described. According to the OMT, ecotourism is a type of sustainable tourism that is realized in natural protected areas to know the typical flora and fauna. It must satisfy the needs of the tourists and of the autochthonous ones, at the same time as it protects and improves the opportunities of future and it respects the cultural integrity, the ecological processes, the biological diversity and the systems of support to the life. On the basis of this and of the results obtained with the valuation of the services and resources, as of the analysis DAFO, it has been proposed a set of improvements and it has been realized an action plan, which treats itself about the elaboration of four itineraries as well as of informative triptychs, that if they were carried out, they would improve the tourist conditions, so the tourists' abundance would increase too

Revision of the Late Jurassic teleosaurid genus Machimosaurus (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia)

© 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Proyecto ecoturístico integrado en la Reserva Natural El Tisey - La Estanzuela

El presente proyecto realizado en la Reserva Natural El Tisey-La Estanzuela en la República de Nicaragua pretende mejorar la situación de dicha Reserva como destino ecoturístico. Mediante una descripción exhaustiva del área y una valoración de los recursos y servicios turísticos, se ha planteado la problemática para el desarrollo del ecoturismo. Según la OMT, el ecoturismo es un tipo de turismo sostenible que se realiza en espacios naturales protegidos para conocer la flora y fauna características. Debe satisfacer las necesidades de los turistas y de los autóctonos, al mismo tiempo que protege y mejora las oportunidades de futuro y se respeta la integridad cultural, los procesos ecológicos, la diversidad biológica y los sistemas de apoyo a la vida. En base a ésto y a los resultados obtenidos tanto de la valoración de los servicios y recursos como del análisis DAFO, se han propuesto un conjunto de mejoras y se ha realizado un plan de actuación, que se trata de la elaboración de cuatro itinerarios así como de trípticos informativos, que de llevarse a cabo, mejorarían las condiciones turísticas y de seguro que aumentaría la afluencia de turistas.El present projecte realitzat en la Reserva Natural El Tisey-La Estanzuela a la República de Nicaragua pretén millorar la situació d'aquesta Reserva com a destí ecoturístic. Mitjançant una descripció exhaustiva de l'àrea y una valoració dels recursos i serveis turístics, s'ha plantejat la problemàtica per al desenvolupament de l'ecoturisme. Segons la OMT, l'ecoturisme és un tipus de turisme sostenible que es realitza en espais naturals protegits per a conèixer la flora i la fauna característiques. Ha de satisfer les necessitats dels turistes i dels autòctons, alhora que protegeix i millora les oportunitats de futur i es respecta la integritat cultural, els processos ecològics, la diversitat biològica i els sistemes de suport a la vida. En base a això i als resultats obtinguts tant de la valoració dels serveis i recursos com de l'anàlisi DAFO, s'han proposat un conjunt de millores i s'ha realitzat un pla d'actuació, que es tracte de l'elaboració de quatre itineraris així com de tríptics informatius, que si es duguessin a terme, millorarien les condicions turístiques i augmentarien l'afluència de turistes.The present project realized in the Natural Reserve El Tisey-La Estanzuela in the Republic of Nicaragua tries to improve the situation of the Reserve as an ecoturistic destination. Through an exhaustive description of the area and a valuation of the resources and tourist services the problematic of the development of the ecotourism has been described. According to the OMT, ecotourism is a type of sustainable tourism that is realized in natural protected areas to know the typical flora and fauna. It must satisfy the needs of the tourists and of the autochthonous ones, at the same time as it protects and improves the opportunities of future and it respects the cultural integrity, the ecological processes, the biological diversity and the systems of support to the life. On the basis of this and of the results obtained with the valuation of the services and resources, as of the analysis DAFO, it has been proposed a set of improvements and it has been realized an action plan, which treats itself about the elaboration of four itineraries as well as of informative triptychs, that if they were carried out, they would improve the tourist conditions, so the tourists' abundance would increase too

FRA2A is a CGG repeat expansion associated with silencing of AFF3

Folate-sensitive fragile sites (FSFS) are a rare cytogenetically visible subset of dynamic mutations. Of the eight molecularly characterized FSFS, four are associated with intellectual disability (ID). Cytogenetic expression results from CGG tri-nucleotide-repeat expansion mutation associated with local CpG hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing. The best studied is the FRAXA site in the FMR1 gene, where large expansions cause fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited ID syndrome. Here we studied three families with FRA2A expression at 2q11 associated with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We identified a polymorphic CGG repeat in a conserved, brain-active alternative promoter of the AFF3 gene, an autosomal homolog of the X-linked AFF2/FMR2 gene: Expansion of the AFF2 CGG repeat causes FRAXE ID. We found that FRA2A-expressing individuals have mosaic expansions of the AFF3 CGG repeat in the range of several hundred repeat units. Moreover, bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing both suggest AFF3 promoter hypermethylation. cSNP-analysis demonstrates monoallelic expression of the AFF3 gene in FRA2A carriers thus predicting that FRA2A expression results in functional haploinsufficiency for AFF3 at least in a subset of tissues. By whole-mount in situ hybridization the mouse AFF3 ortholog shows strong regional expression in the developing brain, somites and limb buds in 9.5-12.5dpc mouse embryos. Our data suggest that there may be an association between FRA2A and a delay in the acquisition of motor and language skills in the families studied here. However, additional cases are required to firmly establish a causal relationship

Surgical management of a diabetic calcaneal ulceration and osteomyelitis with a partial calcanectomy and a sural neurofasciocutaneous flap

The treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis in diabetic patients poses a great challenge to the treating physician and surgeon. The use of a distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap after an aggressive debridement of non-viable and poorly vascularized tissue and bone that is combined with a thorough antibiotic regimen provides a great technique for adequate soft tissue coverage of the heel. In this case report, the authors describe the aforementioned flap as a versatile alternative to the use of local or distant muscle flaps for diabetic patients with calcaneal osteomyelitis and concomitant large wounds

Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene (FTO) in Eating Disorders: Evidence for Association of the rs9939609 Obesity Risk Allele with Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa

Objective: The common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is associated with obesity. As genetic variants associated with weight regulation might also be implicated in the etiology of eating disorders, we evaluated whether SNP rs9939609 is associated with bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Methods: Association of rs9939609 with BN and AN was assessed in 689 patients with AN, 477 patients with BN, 984 healthy non-population-based controls, and 3,951 population-based controls (KORA-S4). Based on the familial and premorbid occurrence of obesity in patients with BN, we hypothesized an association of the obesity risk A-allele with BN. Results: In accordance with our hypothesis, we observed evidence for association of the rs9939609 A-allele with BN when compared to the non-population-based controls (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.142, one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001-infinity; one-sided p = 0.049) and a trend in the population-based controls (OR = 1.124, one-sided 95% CI 0.932-infinity; one-sided p = 0.056). Interestingly, compared to both control groups, we further detected a nominal association of the rs9939609 A-allele to AN (OR = 1.181, 95% CI 1.027-1.359, two-sided p = 0.020 or OR = 1.673, 95% CI 1.101-2.541, two-sided p = 0.015,). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the obesity-predisposing FTO allele might be relevant in both AN and BN. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger GmbH, Freibur

Internet-based medical education: a realist review of what works, for whom and in what circumstances

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0

Innerbetriebliche Ecopreneure durch Umweltmanagementsysteme? : eine Langzeitanalyse von Bedingungen für proaktives Umweltschutzverhalten

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert, welche Unterstützungspotentiale Umweltmanagementsysteme (UMS) für Innerbetriebliches Ecopreneurship – proaktives, umweltbewusstes Arbeitsverhalten aller Unternehmensmitglieder – bieten. Eine Längsschnittuntersuchung in sechs deutschen Unternehmen ermittelt situative und personelle Faktoren, die Ecopreneurship maßgeblich beeinflussen. Unternehmen mit UMS-Aktivitäten weisen positivere Einschätzungen in den relevanten Verhaltensbedingungen und dem Ecopreneurship auf, aber keine kontinuierliche Verbesserungen von Ecopreneurship im Zeitverlauf. Daraus ergeben sich weitere Forschungsfragen, etwa zur Volatilität des proaktiven Arbeitsverhaltens

Bcl-2 protein family: Implications in vascular apoptosis and atherosclerosis

Apoptosis has been recognized as a central component in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in addition to the other human pathologies such as cancer and diabetes. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is complex, involving both apoptosis and proliferation at different phases of its progression. Oxidative modification of lipids and inflammation differentially regulate the apoptotic and proliferative responses of vascular cells during progression of the atherosclerotic lesion. Bcl-2 proteins act as the major regulators of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signalling pathways and more recently it has become evident that they mediate the apoptotic response of vascular cells in response to oxidation and inflammation either in a provocative or an inhibitory mode of action. Here we address Bcl-2 proteins as major therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis and underscore the need for the novel preventive and therapeutic interventions against atherosclerosis, which should be designed in the light of molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis of vascular cells in atherosclerotic lesions