NEW BUTYROLACTONE FROM A MARINE-DERIVED FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS SP

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloFour compounds that belong to two structure types, namely dibenzylbutyrolactone and sesterterpenoids, were obtained from the extract of the strain Aspergillus sp. (2P-22), isolated from a marine sponge, Cliona chilensis. Among them, compound 1 was identified as new, namely butylrolactone-VI. The structures of these compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data. Biological activities of these fungal metabolites, are described.http://ref.scielo.org/kbf7v

Estudio químico y biológico de especies del género Azorella

143 p.El presente estudio tuvo por finalidad aislar e identificar los metabolitos mayoritarios a partir de algunas plantas del género Azorella, (A.spinosa, A. madreporica) cuyas especies forman parte de la familia Apiaceae, además de obtener derivados semisintéticos en la medida que fue posible y probar la actividad biológica de estos compuestos. Investigaciones realizadas en otros géneros de Azorella han permitido la identificación de varios compuestos diterpenicos del tipo azorellano y mulinano, algunos de estos diterpenos han sido responsables de distintas actividades biológicas, tales como antibacteriana, antiinflamatoria, inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa, entre otras. El estudio químico de las partes aéreas de la especie A. spinosa permitió aislar diterpenos, un triterpeno, cumarina e isoflavonas. A partir del extracto etéreo fueron aislados cuatro diterpenos dos de ellos reportados previamente en literatura, en otras especies 13α-hidroxiazorellano, ácido mulinólico y dos compuestos nuevos 2-acetoxi-13-hidroxi-mulin-11-eno, 2-acetoxi-mulin-11,13-dieno, a partir de 2-acetoxi-13-hidroxi-mulin-11-eno se obtuvo el compuesto hidrolizado 2,13-dihidroxi-mulin-11-eno. Por otra parte del extracto metanólico se aisló un triterpeno, que resulto ser la lactona del ácido ursólico siendo este compuesto nuevo en esta especie pero ya reportado en otras plantas, de este mismo extracto se aisló quercetina y 7-hidroxicumarina.A partir del estudio químico de la A. madreporica fueron aisladas tres isoflavonas las cuales corresponden a alpinumisoflavona, licoisoflavona A y angustona C, compuestos reportados por primera vez en esta especie. A partir de la alpinumisoflavona se obtuvo el derivado diacetilado 4´,4´´-diacetoxi-alpinumisoflavona y de la acetilación de licoisoflavona se obtuvo el derivado monoacetilado 7-acetoxi-licoisoflavona A. Todos los compuestos aislados que resultaron ser nuevos o informados por primera vez en estas especies, como también los derivados semisintéticos preparados, fueron evaluados mediante el ensayo de microdilución en microplacas como agentes antibacterianos frente a Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa y Staphilococcus aureus. Solo las isoflavonas alpinumisoflavona y licoisoflavona A fueron activas y selectivos sobre E. coli. Los diterpenos 2-acetoxi-13-hidroxi-mulin-11-eno, 2-acetoxi-mulin-11,13-dieno y el derivado 2,13-dihidroxi-mulin-11-eno, fueron evaluados en el ensayo de inhibición de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) y la butirilcolinesterasa (BuChE) y sobre la actividad antioxidante empleando el ensayo DPPH. Por otro lado, el extracto metanólico de A. spinosa recolectada en la zona de Constitución (Región del Maule) y tres extractos metanólicos de A. monantha recolectadas en tres localidades distintas Paso Vergara y Enladrillado (Región del Maule), y Torres del Paine (Región de Magallanes) se evaluaron sobre todas las actividades biológicas anteriormente descritas, incluyendo la actividad antiplaquetaria, siendo los extractos de A. spinosa y A. monantha (Paso Vergara) las que mostraron mejores resultados./ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to isolate and to identify the main metabolites from some plants of the Azorella (A.spinosa, A. madreporica) genre whose species are part of the Apiaceae family. Also, this study helped to obtain semisynthetic derivatives as possible as far and to test the biological activity of these compounds. Research in other Azorella genres have allowed the identification of several diterpene compounds of the mulinane and azorellane type. Some of these diterpenes have been responsible of the various biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, and others. The chemical study of the aerial parts of the species A. spinosa allowed to isolate diterpenes, triterpenes, isoflavones and coumarin. From the ethereal extract, four diterpenes were isolated, two of them were previously reported in literature, in other species like the 13α-hydroxyazorellane and mulinolic acid, and the other two new compounds, 2-acetoxy-13-hydroxy- mulin-11-en, 2-acetoxy-mulin 11,13-diene, starting from the 2-acetoxy-13-hydroxy- mulin-11-en compound was obtained the 2,13-dihydroxy-mulin-11-en. By the other side, a triterpene was isolated from the methanol extract, which has proved to be the lactone of the ursolic acid being this a new compound in this specie but already reported in other plants. From the same extract was isolated quercetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin. From the chemical study of the A. madreprica, three isoflavones were isolated which correspond to alpinumisoflavone, angustone C and licoisoflavone A, compounds reported by the first time in this species. Starting from the alpinumisoflavone, the diacetyl derivative was obtained 4',4''-diacetoxy-alpinumisoflavoe and from the licoisoflavone acetylation, 7-acetoxy-licoisoflavone A monoacetylated derivative was obtained. All these compounds were elucidated using conventional spectroscopic techniques and by mean of the comparison with literature data. All those isolated compounds were found to be new or reported by first time in these species. Also, semisynthetic derivatives were evaluated by the microdilution in assay microplates as antibacterial against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the alpinumisoflavone and licoisoflavone A isoflavones were active and selective over the E. coli. The diterpenes 2-acetoxy-13-hydroxy-mulin-11-en, 2-acetoxy-mulin-11,13-diene and 2,13-dihydroxy mulin-11-en derivative were evaluated in the inhibition assay of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and the butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Also, the antioxidant activity were evaluated using the DPPH assay.By the other hand, the methanolic extract of A. spinosa collected from Constitución zone (Region of Maule) and the three methanol extracts of A. monantha collected from three different locations like Paso Vergara and Enladrillado (Region of Maule), and Torres del Paine (Region of Magallanes) were evaluated on over all the biological activities described above, including antiplatelet activity, being the extracts of A. spinosa and A. monantha (Paso Vergara) that showed the best result

Determinación de la actividad antibacteriana, antioxidante, antiagregante plaquetaria e inhibición de la colinesterasa a partir de los extractos metanólicos de especies Azorella (Apiaceae)

En este estudio se investigó las potenciales actividades antibacteriana, antioxidante, antiplaquetaria e inhibición de la colinesterasa de extractos metanólicos a  partir de las partes aéreas de dos especies de Azorella: A. spinosa (Constitución, Chile) y A. monantha (Torres del Paine, Enladrillado y Paso Vergara). Todos  los extractos mostraron actividad inhibidora moderada solamente sobre acetilcolinesterasa (AChE), siendo el más activo el extracto de A. spinosa con IC50=  27μg/mL. La inhibición de la agregación plaquetaria inducida por ADP presentó máxima agregación al 70 y 57% sobre los extractos de A. spinosa y A.  monantha (Paso Vergara) respectivamente. El extracto más activo con efecto antioxidante fue el de A. spinosa con un IC50 de 28,72μg/mL,). No se presentó  actividad antibacteriana de ningún extracto sobre Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa y Acinetobacter baumannii. Los extractos de A. spinosa y A.  monantha (Paso Vergara) presentan los mejores resultados sobre las actividades evaluadas, lo que permite el estudio bioguiado de los metabolitos presentes  en estos extractos

Heterozygous and Homozygous Variants in SORL1 Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Clinical, Neuroimaging and Neuropathological Findings

In the last few years, the SORL1 gene has been strongly implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed whole-exome sequencing on 37 patients with early-onset dementia or family history suggestive of autosomal dominant dementia. Data analysis was based on a custom panel that included 46 genes related to AD and dementia. SORL1 variants were present in a high proportion of patients with candidate variants (15%, 3/20). We expand the clinical manifestations associated with the SORL1 gene by reporting detailed clinical and neuroimaging findings of six unrelated patients with AD and SORL1 mutations. We also present for the first time a patient with the homozygous truncating variant c.364C>T (p.R122*) in SORL1, who also had severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Furthermore, we report neuropathological findings and immunochemistry assays from one patient with the splicing variant c.4519+5G>A in the SORL1 gene, in which AD was confirmed by neuropathological examination. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and familial dementia background of SORL1-associated AD and suggest that SORL1 might be contributing to AD development as a risk factor gene rather than as a major autosomal dominant gene.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/01067) and AGAUR from the Autonomous Catalan Government (2017SGR1134). Dr. Víctor Antonio Blanco-Palmero is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Spanish Biomedical Research Institute) through a “Río Hortega” contract (CM18/0095). Dr. Sara Llamas-Velasco is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Spanish Biomedical Research Institute) through a “Juan Rodés” contract (JR 18/00046).S

Honey bee colony winter loss rates for 35 countries participating in the COLOSS survey for winter 2018–2019, and the effects of a new queen on the risk of colony winter loss

peer-reviewedThis article presents managed honey bee colony loss rates over winter 2018/19 resulting from using the standardised COLOSS questionnaire in 35 countries (31 in Europe). In total, 28,629 beekeepers supplying valid loss data wintered 738,233 colonies, and reported 29,912 (4.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0–4.1%) colonies with unsolvable queen problems 79,146 (10.7%, 95% CI 10.5–10.9%) dead colonies after winter and 13,895 colonies (1.9%, 95% CI 1.8–2.0%) lost through natural disaster. This gave an overall colony winter loss rate of 16.7% (95% CI 16.4–16.9%), varying greatly between countries, from 5.8% to 32. 0%. We modelled the risk of loss as a dead/empty colony or from unresolvable queen problems and found that, overall, larger beekeeping operations with more than 150 colonies experienced significantly lower losses (p<0.001), consistent with earlier studies. Additionally, beekeepers included in this survey who did not migrate their colonies at least once in 2018 had significantly lower losses than those migrating (p<0.001). The percentage of new queens from 2018 in wintered colonies was also examined as a potential risk factor. The percentage of colonies going into winter with a new queen was estimated as 55.0% over all countries. Higher percentages of young queens corresponded to lower overall losses (excluding losses from natural disaster), but also lower losses from unresolvable queen problems, and lower losses from winter mortality (p<0.001). Detailed results for each country and overall are given in a table, and a map shows relative risks of winter loss at regional level

Honey bee colony loss rates in 37 countries using the COLOSS survey for winter 2019–2020 : the combined effects of operation size, migration and queen replacement

This article presents managed honey bee colony loss rates over winter 2019/20 resulting from using the standardised COLOSS questionnaire in 37 countries. Six countries were from outside Europe, including, for the first time in this series of articles, New Zealand. The 30,491 beekeepers outside New Zealand reported 4.5% of colonies with unsolvable queen problems, 11.1% of colonies dead after winter and 2.6% lost through natural disaster. This gave an overall colony winter loss rate of 18.1%, higher than in the previous year. The winter loss rates varied greatly between countries, from 7.4% to 36.5%. 3216 beekeepers from New Zealand managing 297,345 colonies reported 10.5% losses for their 2019 winter (six months earlier than for other, Northern Hemisphere, countries). We modelled the risk of loss as a dead/empty colony or from unresolvable queen problems, for all countries except New Zealand. Overall, larger beekeeping operations with more than 50 colonies experienced significantly lower losses (

Honey bee colony loss rates in 37 countries using the COLOSS survey for winter 2019–2020: the combined effects of operation size, migration and queen replacement

Publication history: Accepted - 12 July 2022; Published online - 6 September 2022.This article presents managed honey bee colony loss rates over winter 2019/20 resulting from using the standardised COLOSS questionnaire in 37 countries. Six countries were from outside Europe, including, for the first time in this series of articles, New Zealand. The 30,491 beekeepers outside New Zealand reported 4.5% of colonies with unsolvable queen problems, 11.1% of colonies dead after winter and 2.6% lost through natural disaster. This gave an overall colony winter loss rate of 18.1%, higher than in the previous year. The winter loss rates varied greatly between countries, from 7.4% to 36.5%. 3216 beekeepers from New Zealand managing 297,345 colonies reported 10.5% losses for their 2019 winter (six months earlier than for other, Northern Hemisphere, countries). We modelled the risk of loss as a dead/empty colony or from unresolvable queen problems, for all countries except New Zealand. Overall, larger beekeeping operations with more than 50 colonies experienced significantly lower losses (p<0.001). Migration was also highly significant (p<0.001), with lower loss rates for operations migrating their colonies in the previous season. A higher proportion of new queens reduced the risk of colony winter loss (p<0.001), suggesting that more queen replacement is better. All three factors, operation size, migration and proportion of young queens, were also included in a multivariable main effects quasi-binomial GLM and all three remained highly significant (p<0.001). Detailed results for each country and overall are given in a table, and a map shows relative risks of winter loss at the regional level.Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (BO-43-011.03-005); Republic of Serbia, MPNTR-RS, through Grant No. III46002; Slovakia the project "Sustainable smart farming systems taking into account the future challenges 313011W112"; Slovenian Research Program P1-0164; Danish Beekeepers Association for their funding and support of the international LimeSurvey platform used by many participating countries; “Zukunft Biene 2” (grant number 101295/2) in Austria; University of Graz for open access

A novel metabolite from the Chilean mollusk Siphonaria lessoni

A new and two previously known metabolites possessing a polypropionate carbon skeleton have been isolated from the marine gastropod mollusk Siphonaria lessoni, collected at Chilean coasts. Their structures have been determined by spectroscopical methods