Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m3. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components

Stem cells in tissue engineering

The concept of producing 'spare parts' of the body for replacement of damaged or lost organs lies at the core of the varied biotechnological practices referred to generally as tissue engineering. Use of postnatal stem cells has the potential to significantly alter the perspective of tissue engineering. Successful long-term restoration of continuously self-renewing tissues such as skin, for example, depends on the use of extensively self-renewing stem cells. The identification and isolation of stem cells from a number of tissues provides appropriate targets for prospective gene therapies